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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 2.7.11.11 - cAMP-dependent protein kinase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.7.11.11
Word Map on EC 2.7.11.11
- 2.7.11.11
- kinases
- forskolin
- adenylate
- phosphodiesterase
- cardiac
- monophosphate
- cgmp
-
adenylyl
-
cgmp-dependent
- phosphoprotein
-
holoenzyme
-
synaptic
- isoproterenol
-
beta-adrenergic
-
phorbol
-
dibutyryl
- calmodulin
- a-kinase
-
akaps
- prostaglandin
-
phosphopeptide
- 8-bromo-camp
- rp-camps
-
pka-dependent
-
camp-mediated
-
autophosphorylation
-
gamma-32patp
-
calmodulin-dependent
- pkg
-
l-type
-
camp-responsive
-
phospholamban
-
8-br-camp
-
camp-independent
-
sarcoplasmic
-
camp-induced
-
pka-mediated
-
camp-stimulated
- dibutyryl-camp
-
patch-clamp
-
camp-regulated
- 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- ibmx
-
phosphorylatable
- 3',5'-monophosphate
-
camp-elevating
-
dbcamp
- rolipram
-
darpp-32
-
camp-specific
- drug development
- medicine
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
2.7.11.11
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
cAMP-dependent protein kinase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
-
-
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
catalytic site structure, Asp166 is the catalytic base invariant in all kinases, activation mechanism, overview
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
activation involves the activation loop, a polypeptide region outside the active site cleft, which is reversibly phosphorylated at Thr197, phosphorylation leads to enzyme inhibition, activation mechanism, overview
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
random kinetic mechanism, active site structure with key residues E91, K72, N171, K168, the general base catalyst D166, and essential catalytic D184, overview, reaction mechanism
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
the substrate binds to the regulatory subunit which is released from the catalytic subunit for enzyme activity, mechanism and structure-function relationship
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
active site residues and structure, mechanism of ligand binding and ligand-induced conformational changes
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
catalytic mechanism, active site structure, Tyr204 is required and involved in the hydrophobic network, substrate-induced interaction of Tyr204 and Asp166, overview
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
substrate binding site structure involving E230, the electrostatic surface is important for substrate binding and catalysis, and also for the mechanism of closing the active site cleft of subunit C, conformation and mechanism, overview, the catalytic loop consists of residues Arg165-Asn171
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
conserved residues K336 and H338 are important for catalytic activity, R324 is important in substrate binding
-
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
phosphoryltransfer mechanism, substrate-binding site structure, the phosphorylated Thr197 in the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein is essential for activity, overview
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cAMP-dependent)
cAMP is required to activate this enzyme. The inactive holoenzyme of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is a tetramer composed of two regulatory (R) and two catalytic (C) subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP molecules and two free monomeric catalytic subunits [i.e. R2C2 + 4 cAMP = R2(cAMP)4 + 2 C].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
142008-29-5
-
142008-29-5
cAMP-dependent protein kinase
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
661135, 661143, 662393, 663212, 663349, 671678, 677061, 690366, 691722, 693043, 694508, 721663, 721744, 722670
-
-
single genes encode the catalytic (C) subunit (kin-1), the regulatory (R) subunit (kin-2) and an A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP)
-
-
-
660951, 661013, 661314, 662153, 662158, 662180, 662206, 662212, 662386, 662393, 662674, 662851, 663212, 663237, 663295, 672829, 674837, 675892, 677019, 691022, 691092, 692212, 692294, 693126, 693219, 693742, 693925, 694186, 694404, 708764, 721701, 738915, 739117
-
-
-
662452, 662608, 663295, 663394, 674804, 677184, 690353, 692216, 694153, 694155, 694279, 703141, 705261, 721681, 721701, 722989, 738093, 738665, 739590, 739592
-
-
-
660660, 661073, 661480, 662302, 662321, 662380, 662675, 662873, 663237, 673668, 675021, 690339, 691139, 692515, 693043, 693123, 693206, 693323, 693735, 694375, 694404, 710100, 710589, 721548, 721701, 723596, 738620
-
-
catalytic subunit, gene TPK1; strains PO1a and AC11, genes TPK1 and RKA1 encoding catalytic and regulatory subunits
UniProt
regulatory subunit, gene RKA1; strains PO1a and AC11, genes TPK1 and RKA1 encoding catalytic and regulatory subunits
UniProt
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
malfunction
-
protein kinase A Calpha and Cbeta ablation both results in a 50% reduction in PKA-specific kinase activity and the level of PKA type I but not PKA type II, PKA subunit Calpha but not Cbeta ablation augments expression of the activation marker CD69 on lymphocytes
malfunction
-
combined inhibition of the androgen receptor and the regulatory subunit I alpha of PKA with small interference RNAs significantly increases the growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of androgen receptor knockdown. Downregulating PKA RIalpha is sufficient to inhibit PKA signaling and also impairs androgen receptor expression and activation. Depletion of PKA RIalpha also potentiates the antiproliferative effect of the antiandrogen bicalutamide in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells
malfunction
-
inhibition of PKA reduces accuracy in the 5-choice serial reaction time task and causes substantial increases in locomotor activity without affecting motivation or the capacity to emit operant responses at high rates, PKA inhibition within the medial prefrontal cortex of rats produces inattention and hyperactivity
malfunction
-
enzyme-deficient cells show a higher glutathione reductase expression level and are less sensitive to cell killing and generation of malondialdehyde than are wild-type cells incubated with H2O2
malfunction
-
catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A silencing results in reduced conidiation and conidium morphogenesis
malfunction
downregulation of gene pfpkac mRNA using gene silencing leads to morphological changes in schizont stages and cell cycle arrest, and is also associated with a compensatory decrease in pfpkar mRNA levels, suggesting a transcriptional self-regulation of the PfPKA signalling network; downregulation of gene pfpkac mRNA using gene silencing leads to morphological changes in schizont stages and cell cycle arrest, and is also associated with a compensatory decrease in pfpkar mRNA levels, suggesting a transcriptional self-regulation of the PfPKA signalling network
malfunction
-
inhibition of PKA with KT5720 abolishes lactic-acid- or contraction-induced ATP release from muscle
malfunction
-
enzyme inhibition leads to hypersprouting as a result of an increased number of tip cells
malfunction
-
enzyme inhibition leads to hypersprouting as a result of an increased number of tip cells
malfunction
-
inhibition of PKA with KT5720 abolishes lactic-acid- or contraction-induced ATP release from muscle
-
metabolism
-
CREB phosphorylation, by PKA and/or CaMKs, activates at nuclear and mitochondrial level a transcriptional regulatory cascade which promotes the concerted expression of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded subunits of complex I and other respiratory chain proteins. The post-translational cAMP/PKA stimulation of the catalytic activity of complex I, is evidently associated with stimulation of protein biosynthesis, which characterizes the G1 phase of the cell cycle, in which fibroblasts are re-introduced from the G0 phase by serum supplementation
metabolism
-
the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is a major target of cAMP signaling, and its regulation is of fundamental importance to biological processes
metabolism
the cAMP/PfPKA signalling pathway is essential for parasite growth and survival, mechanism and regulation, model of cAMP/PKA signalling pathway in Plasmodium falciparum, and of signalling events including PfPKA catalytic subunit during the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle, overview. The cAMP pathway regulates sporozoite motility and hepatic cell invasion by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Putative role for PfPKA in the induction of gametocytogenesis, in erythrocyte invasion by merozoites, and in the regulation of mitochondrial protein traffic. Highly complex relationship between cAMP/PfPKA and calcium pathways in the asexual life cycle, with a key role of PfPKA in anion transport across the erythrocyte membrane, overview; the cAMP/PfPKA signalling pathway is essential for parasite growth and survival, mechanism and regulation, model of cAMP/PKA signalling pathway in Plasmodium falciparum, and of signalling events including PfPKA catalytic subunit during the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle, overview. The cAMP pathway regulates sporozoite motility and hepatic cell invasion by Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Putative role for PfPKA in the induction of gametocytogenesis, in erythrocyte invasion by merozoites, and in the regulation of mitochondrial protein traffic. Highly complex relationship between cAMP/PfPKA and calcium pathways in the asexual life cycle, with a key role of PfPKA in anion transport across the erythrocyte membrane, overview
metabolism
-
the cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the signal transduction pathway for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-regulated ATP release from muscle
metabolism
-
enzyme activity decreases invertase levels in cells growing in lactate, and increased them during growth in lactate + 0.1% (w/v) D-glucose
metabolism
-
the enzyme is essential for tolerance to exogenous CaCl2 through the regulation of the transcriptional regulator Prz1
metabolism
-
CREB phosphorylation, by PKA and/or CaMKs, activates at nuclear and mitochondrial level a transcriptional regulatory cascade which promotes the concerted expression of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded subunits of complex I and other respiratory chain proteins. The post-translational cAMP/PKA stimulation of the catalytic activity of complex I, is evidently associated with stimulation of protein biosynthesis, which characterizes the G1 phase of the cell cycle, in which fibroblasts are re-introduced from the G0 phase by serum supplementation
-
metabolism
-
the cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the signal transduction pathway for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-regulated ATP release from muscle
-
metabolism
-
enzyme activity decreases invertase levels in cells growing in lactate, and increased them during growth in lactate + 0.1% (w/v) D-glucose
-
physiological function
-
protein kinase A Calpha is required for normal immune cell reactivity
physiological function
-
PKA activates phosphodiesterase-4 and increases the sensitivity of phosphodiesterase-4 to inhibition by rolipram
physiological function
-
PKAmyt2 isozyme might mediate the effects of cAMP on the ciliary beat frequency
physiological function
-
PKA catalyzed phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser552 and Ser675 results in stabilization of the protein and activation of its transcriptional activity. beta-Catenin is required for the glucose-dependent increase in cyclin D1 expression in INS-1E beta-cells
physiological function
-
the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates post-translational processing and expression of complex I subunits in mammalian cells, it promotes the activity of complex I and lowers reactive oxygen species level in mammalian cell cultures, overview. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the NDUFS4 subunit of the complex promotes the import in mitochondria of this nuclear encoded protein
physiological function
-
the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA, and the transcription factor CREB play a critical role in the biosynthesis of complex I subunits, and PKA also regulates post-translational processing and expression of complex I subunits in mammalian cells, it promotes the activity of complex I and lowers reactive oxygen species level in mammalian cell cultures, overview. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the NDUFS4 subunit of the complex promotes the import in mitochondria of this nuclear encoded protein
physiological function
-
the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates post-translational processing and expression of complex I subunits in mammalian cells, it promotes the activity of complex I and lowers reactive oxygen species level in mammalian cell cultures, overview. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the NDUFS4 subunit of the complex promotes the import in mitochondria of this nuclear encoded protein
physiological function
-
PKA activity at the mitochondria is associated with the regulation of apoptosis, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase is regulted by the protease calpain. Upon exposure of bovine heart mitochondria to digitonin, Ca2+, and a variety of electron transport chain inhibitors, the regulatory subunits of the PKA holoenzyme are digested by calpain, releasing active catalytic subunits. The proteolysis can be attenuated by calpain inhibitor I
physiological function
-
the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A contributes to conidiation and and is required for early invasion in the phytopathogenic fungus. It is an important regulator of pathogenesis and disease severity during fungus-host interactions. The catalytic subunit is essential for melanin biosynthesis
physiological function
-
phosphorylation of Whi3 by PKA leads to its decreased interaction with CLN3 G1 cyclin mRNA and is required for the promotion of G1/S progression, phosphorylation state of Ser568 in Whi3 affects G1/S transition by modulating CLN2 transcription. PKA causes a decrease in cell size by downregulating Whi3 function. Implication of PKA-mediated modulation of Whi3 in multiple cellular events
physiological function
Plasmodium falciparum cAMP-dependent protein kinase plays an important role in the parasite's life cycle. The parasites appear to have tightly controlled mechanisms for selfregulating PfPKA levels to maintain appropriate PKA signalling; Plasmodium falciparum cAMP-dependent protein kinase plays an important role in the parasite's life cycle. The parasites appear to have tightly controlled mechanisms for selfregulating PfPKA levels to maintain appropriate PKA signalling
physiological function
-
PKA plays an important role in the growth of tachyzoites
physiological function
-
cAMP and PKA are involved in the activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR, during muscle contractions or acidosis. CFTR is involved in the release of ATP from the contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, role of intracellular cAMP in stimulating the increase in extracellular ATP at low pH
physiological function
-
endothelial cAMP-dependent protein kinase A activity is essential for vascular development, specifically regulating the transition from sprouting to stabilization of nascent vessels. The4 enzyme regulates angiogenesis by modulating tip cell behavior in a Notch-independent manner
physiological function
-
endothelial cAMP-dependent protein kinase A activity is essential for vascular development, specifically regulating the transition from sprouting to stabilization of nascent vessels. The4 enzyme regulates angiogenesis by modulating tip cell behavior in a Notch-independent manner
physiological function
-
dopamine receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A negatively modulates nicotinic neurotransmission in prefrontal cortical interneurons, which may be a contributing mechanism of dopamine modulation of cognitive behaviours such as attention or working memory
physiological function
-
the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA, and the transcription factor CREB play a critical role in the biosynthesis of complex I subunits, and PKA also regulates post-translational processing and expression of complex I subunits in mammalian cells, it promotes the activity of complex I and lowers reactive oxygen species level in mammalian cell cultures, overview. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the NDUFS4 subunit of the complex promotes the import in mitochondria of this nuclear encoded protein
-
physiological function
-
cAMP and PKA are involved in the activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR, during muscle contractions or acidosis. CFTR is involved in the release of ATP from the contracting skeletal muscle in vivo, role of intracellular cAMP in stimulating the increase in extracellular ATP at low pH
-
additional information
-
mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase is activatable in a cAMP-independent fashion. Signals, originating from cAMP-independent sources, elicit enhanced mitochondrial PKA activity, overview
additional information
-
analysis of proteomic differences between wild-type and enzyme-deficient S-49 cells, overview. Identification of cAMP/PKA-regulated protein expressions
additional information
-
NDUFS4 mutations result in defective assembly of complex I with severe effects on the respiratory chain, mouse model NDUFS4 point mutations and phenotypes, overview
additional information
-
several conformationally disordered regions in free RIalpha become structured upon cAMP binding, including the interdomain alphaC:A and alphaC':A helices that connect cyclic nucleotide binding domains A and B and are primary recognition sites for the C subunit, unidirectional allosteric communication between the sites, Trp262, which lines the cyclic nucleotide binding A site but resides in the sequence of domain B, is an important structural determinant for intersite communication, overview
additional information
-
the phosphomimetic S568D mutation of Whi3 prevents the developmental fate switch to sporulation or invasive growth
additional information
-
PKA has two regulatory subunits, which bind to and inhibit two catalytic subunits, domain organization and structure comparison with mammalian/human enzymes, overview. Sequence E221-C226-P227-P228-F229-Y23 and residue E161 of the PfPKA catalytic subunit are involved in substrate recognition, residues K63, D211, D157, N162, and E199 are required for catalysis; PKA has two regulatory subunits, which bind to and inhibit two catalytic subunits, domain organization and structure comparison with mammalian/human enzymes, overview. Sequence E221-C226-P227-P228-F229-Y23 and residue E161 of the PfPKA catalytic subunit are involved in substrate recognition, residues K63, D211, D157, N162, and E199 are required for catalysis
additional information
PKA has two regulatory subunits, which bind to and inhibit two catalytic subunits, domain organization and structure comparison with mammalian/human enzymes, overview. Sequence E221-C226-P227-P228-F229-Y23 and residue E161 of the PfPKA catalytic subunit are involved in substrate recognition, residues K63, D211, D157, N162, and E199 are required for catalysis; PKA has two regulatory subunits, which bind to and inhibit two catalytic subunits, domain organization and structure comparison with mammalian/human enzymes, overview. Sequence E221-C226-P227-P228-F229-Y23 and residue E161 of the PfPKA catalytic subunit are involved in substrate recognition, residues K63, D211, D157, N162, and E199 are required for catalysis
additional information
PKA has two regulatory subunits, which bind to and inhibit two catalytic subunits, domain organization and structure comparison with mammalian/human enzymes, overview. Sequence E221-C226-P227-P228-F229-Y23 and residue E161 of the PfPKA catalytic subunit are involved in substrate recognition, residues K63, D211, D157, N162, and E199 are required for catalysis; PKA has two regulatory subunits, which bind to and inhibit two catalytic subunits, domain organization and structure comparison with mammalian/human enzymes, overview. Sequence E221-C226-P227-P228-F229-Y23 and residue E161 of the PfPKA catalytic subunit are involved in substrate recognition, residues K63, D211, D157, N162, and E199 are required for catalysis
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + 5HT7 receptor
ADP + phosphorylated 5HT7 receptor
-
recombinant rat 5HT7 receptor reconstituted in frog oocytes, overview
-
-
?
ATP + alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
ADP + phosphorylated alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
-
phosphorylation at Ser365
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ATP + cAMP response element binding protein
ADP + cAMP response element binding protein
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP response element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein
-
the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein is directly activated by PKA
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-response element-binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ATP + cAMP-responsive element-binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1
ADP + phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + CaV1.2 protein
ADP + phosphorylated CaV1.2 protein
-
phosphorylation at Ser1700
-
-
?
ATP + Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel
ADP + phosphorylated Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel
-
recombinant human Ca2+ channel reconstituted in frog oocytes, overview
-
-
?
ATP + cellular nucleic acid binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cellular nucleic acid binding protein
ATP + ChChd3
ADP + phosphorylated ChChd3
-
an endogenous mitochondrial protein
-
-
?
ATP + class III phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase
ADP + phosphorylated class III phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + claudin-3 S199A
ADP + phosphorylated claudin-3 S199A
-
recombinant GST-fusion claudin-3 mutant S199A expressed in Escherichia coli, phosphorylation at Thr192, activity of catalytic PKA subunit is lower compared to wild-type claudin-3
-
-
?
ATP + CRE-binding protein
ADP + CRE-binding phosphoprotein
-
i.e. CREB, a transcription factor, activition by type I PKA
-
-
?
ATP + CREB-binding protein
ADP + CREB-binding phosphoprotein
-
i.e. CBP, activition by type II PKA
-
-
?
ATP + DNA excision repair protein
ADP + phosphorylated DNA excision repair protein
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ADP + phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + fat body triglyceride lipase
ADP + phosphorylated fat body triglyceride lipase
-
protein substrate is phosphorylated at Ser563, but not activated by the enzyme, Ser563 is the regulatory site of the enzyme substrate
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ATP + glycogen synthase kinase 3beta
ADP + phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta
-
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta is carried out by the PKA type II isoform
-
-
?
ATP + hemagglutin-tagged PKI peptide
ADP + phosphorylated hemagglutin-tagged PKI peptide
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + histone 3s
ADP + phosphorylated histone 3s
-
activity of the catalytic subunit Cgamma
-
-
?
ATP + histone IIIS
ADP + phosphorylated histone IIIS
-
activity of the catalytic subunit Cgamma
-
-
?
ATP + inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-I
ADP + phosphorylated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-I
-
isolated catalytic subunit of PKA, selective phosphorylation at Ser1589 and Ser1755
-
-
?
ATP + L-pyruvate kinase
ADP + phosphorylated L-pyruvate kinase
-
recombinant rat protein substrate expressed in Escherichia coli, phosphorylation at Ser12, activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
ADP + 3'-UTR phosphorylated lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
ATP + low-density lipoprotein-related protein
ADP + phosphorylated low-density lipoprotein-related protein
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + maltose binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated maltose binding protein
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 35% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
ADP + phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
ATP + myocyte enhancer factor 2D
ADP + phosphorylated myocyte enhancer factor 2D
-
myocyte enhancer factor 2D serine 121 and serine 190 are targeted by PKA
-
-
?
ATP + N-(8-([4-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-6,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-g]quinolin-9(6H)-yl]butanoyl]amino)octanoyl)-GRTGRRFSYP-amide
ADP + N-(8-([4-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-6,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-g]quinolin-9(6H)-yl]butanoyl]amino)octanoyl)-GRTGRRFpSYP-amide
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-(8-([[7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl]carbonyl]amino)octanoyl)-GRTGRRFSYP-amide
ADP + N-(8-([[7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl]carbonyl]amino)octanoyl)-GRTGRRFpSYP-amide
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-(8-[[(11-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-10-yl)carbonyl]amino]octanoyl)-GRTGRRFSYP-amide
ADP + N-(8-[[(11-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-10-yl)carbonyl]amino]octanoyl)-GRTGRRFpSYP-amide
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + Nav1.4 T-type Na+ channel
ADP + phosphorylated Nav1.4 T-type Na+ channel
-
recombinant rat Na+ channel reconstituted in frog oocytes, overview
-
-
?
ATP + NF-kappaB p65
ADP + phoshorylated NF-kappaB p65
-
phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit of PKA
-
-
?
ATP + paramyosin
ADP + phosphorylated paramyosin
-
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + phosphatase inhibitor PKI
ADP + phosphorylated phosphatase inhibitor PKI
-
-
-
?
ATP + phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
ADP + phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + phosphodiesterase-4
ADP + phosphorylated phosphodiesterase-4
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + phosphofructokinase 2
ADP + phosphorylated phosphofructokinase 2
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + phosvitin
ADP + phosphorylated phosvitin
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 33% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + PKA regulatory subunit IIalpha
ADP + phosphorylated PKA regulatory subunit IIalpha
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + PLARTLSVAGLPGKK
ADP + PLARTL-phosphoserine-VAGLPGKK
-
syntide 2-derived peptide substrate
-
-
?
ATP + protamine sulfate
ADP + phosphoprotamine sulfate
-
enzyme activity is about equally activated by cAMP and cGMP, and derivatives of cAMP
-
-
?
ATP + pyruvate kinase
ADP + phosphorylated pyruvate kinase
-
enzyme activity is about equally activated by cAMP and cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + RFARKGSLRQKNV
ADP + RFARKG-phosphoserine-LRQKNV
-
PKC-derived peptide substrate
-
-
?
ATP + ribosomal S6 protein
ADP + phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + RRASVA
ADP + RRA-phosphoserine-VA
-
pyruvate kinase-derived peptide substrate comprising the phosphorylation site around Ser12 of the protein, activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + small heat shock protein HSP22
ADP + phosphorylated small heat shock protein HSP22
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + small heat shock-related protein HSP20
ADP + phosphorylated small heat shock-related protein HSP20
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + SP20
ADP + SP20 phosphate
-
substrate peptide, the C subunit SP20-binding residues are E203, F129, E170, E230, D166, and K168
-
-
?
ATP + stathmin
ADP + phosphorylated stathmin
-
phosphorylation at Ser63
-
-
?
ATP + type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
ADP + phosphorylated type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
ATP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 2
ADP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core phosphoprotein 2
ATP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein]
ADP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphoprotein]
ATP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator protein]
ADP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein]
N6-benzyl-ATP + ChChd3
N6-benzyl-ADP + phosphorylated ChChd3
-
cofactor of mutant M120G, poor activity with the wild-type catalytic subunit
-
-
?
N6-phenethyl-ATP + ChChd3
N6-phenethyl-ADP + phosphorylated ChChd3
-
cofactor of mutant M120G, poor activity with the wild-type catalytic subunit
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
regulation by reversible phosphorylation, overview
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
regulation of the enzyme involves reversible phosphorylation at the activation loop, and associative or dissociative mechanisms
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
the enzyme phosphorylates the peptide substrate LRRASLG
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
the enzyme is a key player in cellular responses to the second messenger cAMP
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
phosphorylates nuclear proteins important for gene replication
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + phosphorylated protein
-
-
-
?
ATP + A-kinase anchor protein
ADP + phosphorylated A-kinase anchor protein
-
phosphorylation at Ser1928
-
-
?
ATP + A-kinase anchor protein
ADP + phosphorylated A-kinase anchor protein
-
i.e. AKAP, phosphorylation at Ser1928, the rat enzyme is active with different AKAP substrate variants from different sources, overview
-
-
?
ATP + actin
ADP + phosphorylated actin
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + adenylate kinase 1
ADP + phosphorylated adenylate kinase 1
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + adenylate kinase 1
ADP + phosphorylated adenylate kinase 1
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + adenylate kinase 5
ADP + phosphorylated adenylate kinase 5
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + adenylate kinase 5
ADP + phosphorylated adenylate kinase 5
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
-
initiating the degradative pathway, PKA regulates the association of Atg1 with the preautophagosomal structure PAS, overview
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
-
phosphorylation at Ser508 and Ser515
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
-
initiating the degradative pathway, PKA regulates the association of Atg1 with the preautophagosomal structure PAS, overview
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
-
phosphorylation at Ser508 and Ser515
-
-
?
ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor
ADP + phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptor
-
PKA phosphorylation mediates beta-1 adrenergic receptor endocytosis via the caveolae pathway
-
-
?
ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor
ADP + phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptor
-
mouse wild-type receptor, cytosolic phosphorylation domain near the transmembrane domains of the substrate, overview
-
-
?
ATP + beta-catenin
ADP + phosphorylated beta-cateniin
-
phosphorylation on Ser552 and Ser675
-
-
?
ATP + beta1-adrenergic receptor
ADP + phosphorylated beta1-adrenergic receptor
-
recombinant beta1-adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK-293 cell membranes, phosphorylation at Ser312 is essential for activation of endocytic recycling of the agonist-internalized beta1-adrenergic receptor, beta1-AR mutant S312A is not recycled, overview
-
-
?
ATP + beta1-adrenergic receptor
ADP + phosphorylated beta1-adrenergic receptor
-
phosphorylation at Ser312 in the third intracellular loop of the receptor protein by the PKA catalytic subunit
-
-
?
ATP + BKCa channel ZERO
ADP + phosphorylated BKCa channel ZERO
-
recombinant murine HA-tagged tetrameric protein expressed in HEK-293 cells, phosphorylation at Ser899 activates the channel
-
-
?
ATP + BKCa channel ZERO
ADP + phosphorylated BKCa channel ZERO
-
recombinant murine HA-tagged tetrameric protein expressed in HEK-293 cells, activity with wild-type and mutant Y334V channel tetramers, but no activity with S899A mutant, phosphorylation at Ser899 activates the channels, overview
-
-
?
ATP + BKCa channel ZERO
ADP + phosphorylated BKCa channel ZERO
-
recombinant murine HA-tagged tetrameric protein expressed in HEK-293 cells, activity with wild-type and mutant Y334V channel tetramers, but no activity with S899A mutant, phosphorylation at Ser899, overview
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-response element-binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-response element-binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein
-
phosphorylation at Ser133
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
-
i.e. CREB
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
-
the enzyme as well as GABAB receptors are involved in induction of cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation in hippocampus by gamma-hydroxybutyrate, overview
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
-
i.e. CREB
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
-
the enzyme as well as GABAB receptors are involved in induction of cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation in hippocampus by gamma-hydroxybutyrate, overview
-
-
?
ATP + casein
ADP + phosphorylated casein
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 25% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + casein
ADP + phosphorylated casein
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 25% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + Cav1.2
ADP + phosphorylated Cav1.2
-
in anchoring to the L-type calcium channel Cav1.2 via A-kinase anchor protein 150 in neurons plays a critical role involving phosphorylation by the enzyme, PKA increases the activity of the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in heart and brain
-
-
?
ATP + Cav1.2
ADP + phosphorylated Cav1.2
-
an L-type calcium channel Cav1.2
-
-
?
ATP + cellular nucleic acid binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cellular nucleic acid binding protein
-
CNBP performs a fine tune expression regulation of a group of target including c-myc, during vertebrate embryogenesis, different phosphorylation patterns at different development al stages, overview
-
-
?
ATP + cellular nucleic acid binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cellular nucleic acid binding protein
-
i.e. CNBP, a zinc finger protein, phosphorylation at multiple sites, putative phosphorylation sites are residues Ser4, Thr56, Ser70, and Ser158, substrate is recombinant GST- or His6-tagged CNBP
-
-
?
ATP + claudin-3
ADP + phosphorylated claudin-3
-
high activity in ovarian cancer cells with recombinantly overexpressed claudin-3, phosphorylation of claudin-3 affecting the barrier function with extracellular Ca2+, overview
-
-
?
ATP + claudin-3
ADP + phosphorylated claudin-3
-
recombinant GST-fusion claudin-3 expressed in Escherichia coli, phosphorylation at Thr192, activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + creatine kinase
ADP + phosphorylated creatine kinase
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + creatine kinase
ADP + phosphorylated creatine kinase
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + Dot6
ADP + phosphorylated Dot6
-
a protein implicated in telomere function
-
-
?
ATP + Dot6
ADP + phosphorylated Dot6
-
a protein implicated in telomere function, substrate of Tpk1
-
-
?
ATP + EPS8 protein
ADP + EPS8 phosphoprotein
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + ezrin
ADP + phosphoezrin
-
recombinant GST-tagged wild-type ezrin transiently expressed in primary gastric parietal cells from stomach, recombinant mutant S66A and S66D ezrin proteins are no substrates, phosphorylation of ezrin leads to activation of parietal cells required for dilation of apical vacuolar membrane and histamine-stimulated acid secretion in gastric mucosa, overview
-
-
?
ATP + ezrin
ADP + phosphoezrin
-
phosphorylation at Ser66, catalytic subunit of PKA
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
-
recombinant FLAG-tagged GRK1, phosphorylation at Ser21
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
-
recombinant FLAG-tagged GRK1 expressed in HEK-293 cells, enzymatic inactivation of the receptor activity inhibiting rhodopsin phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
-
phosphorylation at Ser21, enzymatic inactivation of the receptor activity inhibiting rhodopsin phosphorylation, no activity with GRK1 mutant S21A
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
-
recombinant FLAG-tagged GRK7, phosphorylation at Ser23 and Ser36
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
-
recombinant FLAG-tagged GRK1 expressed in HEK-293 cells, enzymatic inactivation of the receptor activity inhibiting rhodopsin phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
-
phosphorylation at Ser23 and Ser36, enzymatic inactivation of the receptor activity inhibiting rhodopsin phosphorylation, no activity with GRK1 mutants S23A/S36A and S23E/S36E
-
-
?
ATP + histone deacetylase 8
ADP + phosphorylated histone deacetylase 8
-
FLAG-tagged class 1 histone deacetylase HDAC8 expressed in HeLa cells via adenovirus infection, phosphorylation at Ser39 reduces the enzyme activity of HDAC8, hyperphosphorylation inhibits the enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + histone deacetylase 8
ADP + phosphorylated histone deacetylase 8
-
class 1 histone deacetylase HDAC8, recombinantly expressed FLAG-tagged GST-fusion substrate protein, Ser39 is the major phosphorylation site, low activity with HDAC8 mutant S39A
-
-
?
ATP + histone H2A
ADP + phosphorylated histone H2A
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 40% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + histone H2A
ADP + phosphorylated histone H2A
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 40% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + histone H3S
ADP + phosphorylated histone H3S
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 60% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + histone H3S
ADP + phosphorylated histone H3S
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 60% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + IP3R-2
ADP + phosphorylated IP3R-2
-
phosphoregulation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor subtype 2, PKA enhances inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release in AR4-2J cells, regulation, overview
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + Kemptide phosphate
-
LRRASLG peptide substrate, activity of the catalytic subunit C
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + Kemptide phosphate
-
PKA-derived substrate, activity of the catalytic subunit Cgamma
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + Kemptide phosphate
-
enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, 80% lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + Kemptide phosphate
-
activity of the catalytic subunit Calpha
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + Kemptide phosphate
-
activity of the catalytic subunit C
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + phosphorylated Kemptide
-
activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + phosphorylated Kemptide
-
activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + phosphorylated Kemptide
-
activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + phosphorylated Kemptide
-
LRRASLG peptides substrate
LRRA-phosphoserine-LG
-
?
ATP + Kemptide
ADP + phosphorylated Kemptide
-
peptide substrate, activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
ADP + 3'-UTR phosphorylated lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
ADP + 3'-UTR phosphorylated lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
-
the enzyme stabilizes lactate dehydrogenase LDH-A mRNA and increases intracellular LDH-A mRNA levels by phosphorylation of a cAMP-stabilizing region CSR on the 3'-untranslated region of the LDH-A mRNA, regulation, mechanism
-
-
?
ATP + Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly
ADP + Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-phospho-Ser-Leu-Gly
-
commercial artificial heptapeptide substrate kemptide
-
-
?
ATP + Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly
ADP + Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-phospho-Ser-Leu-Gly
-
commercial artificial heptapeptide substrate kemptide
-
-
?
ATP + LRRASLG
ADP + LRRA-phosphoserine-LG
-
i.e. Kemptide, recombinant PKA catalytic subunit
-
-
?
ATP + merlin
ADP + phosphorylated merlin
-
recombinant human substrate protein expressed in HEK-293 cells, activity of the catalytic subunit C, phosphorylation at Ser518 induces N-terminal binding of merlin to ezrin
-
-
?
ATP + merlin
ADP + phosphorylated merlin
-
a membrane/cytoskeleton linker protein, activity of the catalytic subunit C, phosphorylation at the N- and the C-terminus, e.g. at Ser518
-
-
?
ATP + mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
ADP + phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
-
the enzyme enhances steroid hydroxylase CYP17 transcription via mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 MKP-1 activation in H295R adrenocortical cells
-
-
?
ATP + mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
ADP + phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
-
i.e. MKP-1
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + PDE11A protein
ADP + PDE11A phosphoprotein
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + PDE5A protein
ADP + PDE5A phosphoprotein
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + protein tyrosine phosphatase
ADP + phosphorylated protein tyrosine phosphatase
-
i.e. PTP, contains a PEST motif
-
-
?
ATP + protein tyrosine phosphatase
ADP + phosphorylated protein tyrosine phosphatase
-
i.e. PTP, contains a PEST motif
-
-
?
ATP + RFARKGSLREKNV
ADP + RFARKG-phosphoserine-LREKNV
-
protein kinase C-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Cgamma
-
-
?
ATP + RFARKGSLREKNV
ADP + RFARKG-phosphoserine-LREKNV
-
protein kinase C-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Calpha
-
-
?
ATP + RGS protein
ADP + RGS protein phosphate
-
recombinant HA-tagged substrate expressed in B35 cells, phosphorylation of RGS14 by PKA potentiates its activity toward Galphai-GDP
-
-
?
ATP + RGS protein
ADP + RGS protein phosphate
-
i.e. regulator of G protein signaling protein, recombinant His-tagged substrate R14-RSG residues 1-205 and 299-544, phosphorylation of wild-type R14-RSG at Ser258 and Thr494
-
-
?
ATP + ribosomal protein S6
ADP + phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6
-
substrate from purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes, enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + ribosomal protein S6
ADP + phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6
-
substrate from purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes, enzyme activity is preferably activated by cAMP, lower activity with cGMP
-
-
?
ATP + RKRSRAE
ADP + RKR-phosphoserine-RAE
-
cGPK-1-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Cgamma
-
-
?
ATP + RKRSRAE
ADP + RKR-phosphoserine-RAE
-
cGPK-1-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Calpha
-
-
?
ATP + RKRSRKE
ADP + RKR-phosphoserine-RKE
-
cGPK-2-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Cgamma
-
-
?
ATP + RKRSRKE
ADP + RKR-phosphoserine-RKE
-
cGPK-2-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Calpha
-
-
?
ATP + RRLSSLRA
ADP + RRL-phosphoserine-phosphoserine-LRA
-
S6 kinase-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Cgamma
-
-
?
ATP + RRLSSLRA
ADP + RRL-phosphoserine-phosphoserine-LRA
-
S6 kinase-derived peptide, activity of the catalytic subunit Calpha
-
-
?
ATP + SP20 protein
ADP + phosphorylated SP20 protein
i.e. TTYADFIASGRTGRRASIHD
-
-
?
ATP + SP20 protein
ADP + phosphorylated SP20 protein
-
i.e. TTYADFIASGRTGRRASIHD
-
-
?
ATP + twitchin
ADP + phosphorylated twitchin
-
a high molecular mass protein associated with thick filaments, high activity
-
-
?
ATP + type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
ADP + phosphorylated type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
-
i.e. IP3 receptor, recombinantly expressed in HEK cells, forms tetrameric Ca2+ channels in the endoplasmic reticulum
-
-
?
ATP + type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
ADP + phosphorylated type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
-
phosphorylation sites are Ser916, Ser934, and Ser1832, Ser934 is the most susceptible site
-
-
?
ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase
ADP + phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase
-
activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase
ADP + phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase
ADP + phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase
-
enzyme is involved in the signal transduction regulatory mechanism in the triiodothyronine T3-activation of forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase
-
-
?
ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase
ADP + phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase
-
activity of catalytic PKA subunit
-
-
?
ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase
ADP + phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase
-
4 isoforms of the human enzyme as substrate, phosphorylation at Ser40 of the regulatory subunit of the substrate results in release of bound inhibiting catecholamines, e.g. dopamine and dihydroxyphenylalanine, from the tyrosine hydroxylase
-
-
?
ATP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 2
ADP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core phosphoprotein 2
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 2
ADP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core phosphoprotein 2
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + VASP
ADP + phosphorylated VASP
-
i.e. vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein
-
-
?
ATP + VASP
ADP + phosphorylated VASP
-
i.e. vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein
-
-
?
ATP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein]
ADP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphoprotein]
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein]
ADP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphoprotein]
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + [tau-protein]
ADP + O-phospho-[tau-protein]
-
abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau by PKA is associated with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies leading to neuronal degeneration
-
-
?
ATP + [tau-protein]
ADP + O-phospho-[tau-protein]
-
phosphorylation by PKA at Ser214, PKA catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.7.11.26 in brain
-
-
?
ATP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator protein]
ADP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein]
-
phosphorylation of Ser568 leads to inhibition of Whi3
-
-
?
ATP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator protein]
ADP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein]
-
phosphorylation of Ser568
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a central role in regulation of diverse aspects of cellular activity, especially in the controlling of maturation of spermatids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
elevated PKA activity results in activation of stress-associated proteins and of enzymes involved in protein biosynthesis and glucose catabolism, in contrast, proteins which are involved in nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis are downregulated
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP level during light and dark phases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP binds to the helical subunit C binding regions relayed by the highly dynamic switch of the C-helix of subunit RIalpha, which is linked to cAMP by a salt bridge essential for activation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrates have differential effects on type I and type II PKA holoenzyme dissociation, the isolated catalytic subunit is catalytically active
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the regulatory subunit of PKA inhibits its kinase activity by shielding the catalytic subunit from physiological substrates, Asp170 not only plays a pivotal role in controlling the local conformation of the phosphate binding cassette, where cAMP docks, but also significantly affects the long-range cAMP-dependent interaction network that extends from the phosphate binding cassette to the three major sites of C-recognition
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
complex I subunit ESSS is not phosphorylated by PKA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
development of kinase activity sensor fluorogenic substrates, upon phosphorylation the peptide interacts with a phosphoserine-binding protein 14-3-3 domain, displacing the quencher, and resulting in a burst of fluorescence, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme activates NS1619-induced flavoprotein oxidation modulating mitochondrial Ca2+-activated K+ channels, mechanism of the cardioprotective effect and modulation by PKA, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme performs autophosphorylation at Ser10, Ser139, Thr197, and Ser338
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays an essential role during differentiation and fruit morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
poor activity on free amino acids, consensus sequence of PKA is R-RXS/T hyd
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme plays a central role in the control of mammalian sperm capacitation and motility
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
merlin acts as an PKA-anchoring protein being linked to the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA works coordinatedly with GSK3beta, EC 2.7.11.1, on tau phosphorylation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP level during light and dark phases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme interacts with the neuron cortex membrane protein gravin via Ca2+-independent binding to the regulatory RII enzyme subunit, gravin provides a platform to localize kinases, besides PKA also PKCalpha and PKCbetaII, in an isozyme-specific and activation-dependent manner at specific sites in neurons, gravin is strongly upregulated in cells during differentiation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a paradoxical role in cell motility facilitating and inhibiting actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration, overview, the enzyme is regulated in a subcellular space during cell migration, regulatory subunits RII are enriched in protrusive cellular structures and pseudopodia formed during chemotaxis, anchoring of PKA inhibits pseudopod formation and cell migration, regulation of the process overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with claudin-4, poor activity with claudin-3 mutant T192A
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA catalyzes tau phosphorylation in brain, but phosphorylation of other proteins, EC 2.7.11.11, in different tissues
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
recognition motif and phosphorylation sequences, substrate binding structure, peptide binding in an extended conformation, N-terminal and C-terminal extensions bind pseudosubstrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein, CFTR, a cAMP/protein kinase A, PKA, and ATP-regulated Cl- channel, the formation of the cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent annexin 2 S100A10 complex with cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein, CFTR, regulates CFTR channel function, overview, PKA regulates anx 2 and S100A10 cellular distribution in HNE cells, modulation of PKA activity alters localization and distribution of anx 2–S100A10 in HNE cells, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
inhibition of caspase-dependent spontaneous apoptosis via a cAMP-protein kinase A dependent pathway in neutrophils from sickle cell disease patients, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
redox regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling: kinase versus phosphatase inactivation, in HeLa cells PKA activity follows a biphasic response to thiol oxidation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
phosphorylated residue pThr197 not only facilitates the phosphoryl transfer reaction by stabilizing the transition state through electrostatic interactions but also strongly affects its essential protein dynamics as well as the active site conformation, overview, free energy difference is,1.4 kcal/mol, it is necessary that Asp166 is available as the catalytic base to accept the hydroxyl proton in the late stages of the phosphoryl transfer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP-dependent PKA induces type I tumor necrosis factor receptor exosome-like vesicle release via anchoring of PKA regulatory subunit RIIbeta to A kinase-anchoring protein domains B and C of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein BIG2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme performs autophosphorylation, substrate specificity depends on activating agents cAMP or cGMP, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme performs autophosphorylation, substrate specificity depends on activating agents cAMP or cGMP, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a central role in the adipokinetic signaling controling the mobilization of stored lipids in the fat body
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, no activity with peptides derived from Thr-kinase or Tyr-kinase, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
oestrogen-dependent increase in cAMP increases Ca2+-dependent exocytosis through protein kinase A-dependent pathway and through alternative cAMP-guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF/Epac-dependent pathway in secretory cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA type I regulates ethanol-induced cAMP response element-mediated gene expression via activation of CREB-binding protein and inhibition of MAPK, regulation overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme autophosphorylates at Ser10, Thr197, and Ser338 of PKA Calpha, substrate-induced conformational changes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme performs autophosphorylation at K72, S338, and T197
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in cyclic nucleotide signaling, overview, individually phosphorylated PKA-R isozymes are differentially targeted to distinct cellular compartments by AKAP-isozymes, providing a multifaceted platform for the kinase
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the catalytic subunit has a cluster of nonconserved acidic residues, Glu127, Glu170, Glu203, Glu230, and Asp241, that are crucial for substrate recognition and binding
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
signaling by cAMP-dependent protein kinase plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian sperm motility
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
localized PKA activity is required for fusion of mononucleated myoblasts and plays a pivotal role in the early steps of myogenic cell fusion
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the activation of protein kinase A is required for TIP39-mediated nociception
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in cyclic nucleotide signaling, overview, individually phosphorylated PKA-R isozymes are differentially targeted to distinct cellular compartments by AKAP-isozymes, providing a multifaceted platform for the kinase
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA plays a crucial role in the release of the catch state of molluskan muscles, mechanism, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with myosin heavy chain and tropomyosin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
activated PKA catalytic subunit C with cAMP or 8-bromo-cAMP, stimulated by beta1-adrenoreceptor activity, inhibits store-operated channel current activity in vascular tissue
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-I is no substrate of PKA in vivo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the PKA catalytic subunit a serine/threonine kinase, that can phosphorylate many substrates, such as additional protein kinases and transcription factors
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the PKA catalytic subunit a serine/threonine kinase, that can phosphorylate many substrates, such as additional protein kinases and transcription factors
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the PKA catalytic subunit a serine/threonine kinase, that can phosphorylate many substrates, such as additional protein kinases and transcription factors
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP-dependent activation of BKCa channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle is not catalyzed by PKA but by cGMP-dependent protein kinase PKG, thus PKA is not involved in cAMP-induced signaling in pulmonary vasodilation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
induced by the pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone FSH PKA also catalyzes the dephosphorylation of residues T421 and S424 of the autoinhibitory domain of p70S6K, resulting in activation of p70S6K important for differentiation of Sertoli cells in male reproduction, regulation overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA regulatory and catalytic subunits are bound in the CSR complex including the protein kinase A anchoring protein AKAP 95 and several CSR-binding proteins, the complex acts in stabilizing the LDH-A mRNA, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
tau becomes a more favorable substrate for GSK-3 when it is prephosphorylated by PKA in rat brain, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation inhibits an associated loss in spatial memory
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is not required for adenosine-induced dilation of intracerebral arterioles and regulation of cerebral blood flow
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a paradoxical role in cell motility facilitating and inhibiting actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration, overview, the enzyme is regulated in a subcellular space during cell migration, regulatory subunits RII are enriched in protrusive cellular structures and pseudopodia formed during chemotaxis, anchoring of PKA inhibits pseudopod formation and cell migration, regulation of the process overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP elevation in the Schwann cell is sufficient to induce E-cadherin expression accompanied by suppression of N-cadherin expression
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP-dependent neurite outgrowth is mediated by PKA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
exchange protein activated by cAMP acts synergistically with PKA in cAMP-mediated mitogenesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
autophosphorylation of the PKA type II regulatory subunit (RII) can alter its affinity for protein kinase A-anchoring proteins and the catalytic subunit of PKA, RII phosphorylation regulates PKA-dependent substrate phosphorylation and may have significant implications for modulation of cardiac function
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
potential substrate identification by an evolutionary proteomics approach, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
potential substrate identification by an evolutionary proteomics approach, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP concentration and PKA activity are increased and important in exocytotic acrosome reaction taking place in fertilization when sperm contacts the egg jelly layer EJ, EJ component fucose sulfate polymer triggers sperm PKA activation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
sperm protein substrate identification using peptide analysis via tandem mass spectrometry
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme regulates the G2/M transition in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, it also blocks progesterone-induced germinal vesicle envelope breakdown GVBD, Cdc-25-dependent dephosphorylation of Tyr15 in Cdc2, and synthesis of MEKK Mos
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the localization of the structural region of the reconstituted channel protein substrates contribute to PKA-mediated stimulation
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + A-kinase anchor protein
ADP + phosphorylated A-kinase anchor protein
-
phosphorylation at Ser1928
-
-
?
ATP + adenylate kinase 1
ADP + phosphorylated adenylate kinase 1
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + adenylate kinase 5
ADP + phosphorylated adenylate kinase 5
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
ADP + phosphorylated alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
-
phosphorylation at Ser365
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor
ADP + phosphorylated beta-adrenergic receptor
-
PKA phosphorylation mediates beta-1 adrenergic receptor endocytosis via the caveolae pathway
-
-
?
ATP + beta1-adrenergic receptor
ADP + phosphorylated beta1-adrenergic receptor
-
recombinant beta1-adrenergic receptor expressed in HEK-293 cell membranes, phosphorylation at Ser312 is essential for activation of endocytic recycling of the agonist-internalized beta1-adrenergic receptor, beta1-AR mutant S312A is not recycled, overview
-
-
?
ATP + BKCa channel ZERO
ADP + phosphorylated BKCa channel ZERO
-
recombinant murine HA-tagged tetrameric protein expressed in HEK-293 cells, activity with wild-type and mutant Y334V channel tetramers, but no activity with S899A mutant, phosphorylation at Ser899 activates the channels, overview
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-response element-binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein
-
phosphorylation at Ser133
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ATP + Cav1.2
ADP + phosphorylated Cav1.2
-
in anchoring to the L-type calcium channel Cav1.2 via A-kinase anchor protein 150 in neurons plays a critical role involving phosphorylation by the enzyme, PKA increases the activity of the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in heart and brain
-
-
?
ATP + CaV1.2 protein
ADP + phosphorylated CaV1.2 protein
-
phosphorylation at Ser1700
-
-
?
ATP + cellular nucleic acid binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cellular nucleic acid binding protein
-
CNBP performs a fine tune expression regulation of a group of target including c-myc, during vertebrate embryogenesis, different phosphorylation patterns at different development al stages, overview
-
-
?
ATP + claudin-3
ADP + phosphorylated claudin-3
-
high activity in ovarian cancer cells with recombinantly overexpressed claudin-3, phosphorylation of claudin-3 affecting the barrier function with extracellular Ca2+, overview
-
-
?
ATP + CRE-binding protein
ADP + CRE-binding phosphoprotein
-
i.e. CREB, a transcription factor, activition by type I PKA
-
-
?
ATP + creatine kinase
ADP + phosphorylated creatine kinase
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + CREB-binding protein
ADP + CREB-binding phosphoprotein
-
i.e. CBP, activition by type II PKA
-
-
?
ATP + Dot6
ADP + phosphorylated Dot6
-
a protein implicated in telomere function
-
-
?
ATP + EPS8 protein
ADP + EPS8 phosphoprotein
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + ezrin
ADP + phosphoezrin
-
recombinant GST-tagged wild-type ezrin transiently expressed in primary gastric parietal cells from stomach, recombinant mutant S66A and S66D ezrin proteins are no substrates, phosphorylation of ezrin leads to activation of parietal cells required for dilation of apical vacuolar membrane and histamine-stimulated acid secretion in gastric mucosa, overview
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ATP + histone deacetylase 8
ADP + phosphorylated histone deacetylase 8
-
FLAG-tagged class 1 histone deacetylase HDAC8 expressed in HeLa cells via adenovirus infection, phosphorylation at Ser39 reduces the enzyme activity of HDAC8, hyperphosphorylation inhibits the enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + IP3R-2
ADP + phosphorylated IP3R-2
-
phosphoregulation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor subtype 2, PKA enhances inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release in AR4-2J cells, regulation, overview
-
-
?
ATP + lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
ADP + 3'-UTR phosphorylated lactate dehydrogenase subunit A mRNA
-
the enzyme stabilizes lactate dehydrogenase LDH-A mRNA and increases intracellular LDH-A mRNA levels by phosphorylation of a cAMP-stabilizing region CSR on the 3'-untranslated region of the LDH-A mRNA, regulation, mechanism
-
-
?
ATP + merlin
ADP + phosphorylated merlin
-
recombinant human substrate protein expressed in HEK-293 cells, activity of the catalytic subunit C, phosphorylation at Ser518 induces N-terminal binding of merlin to ezrin
-
-
?
ATP + mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
ADP + phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
-
the enzyme enhances steroid hydroxylase CYP17 transcription via mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 MKP-1 activation in H295R adrenocortical cells
-
-
?
ATP + paramyosin
ADP + phosphorylated paramyosin
-
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + PDE11A protein
ADP + PDE11A phosphoprotein
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + PDE5A protein
ADP + PDE5A phosphoprotein
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + phosphofructokinase 2
ADP + phosphorylated phosphofructokinase 2
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + RGS protein
ADP + RGS protein phosphate
-
recombinant HA-tagged substrate expressed in B35 cells, phosphorylation of RGS14 by PKA potentiates its activity toward Galphai-GDP
-
-
?
ATP + ribosomal S6 protein
ADP + phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + SP20 protein
ADP + phosphorylated SP20 protein
P61925
i.e. TTYADFIASGRTGRRASIHD
-
-
?
ATP + stathmin
ADP + phosphorylated stathmin
-
phosphorylation at Ser63
-
-
?
ATP + type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
ADP + phosphorylated type III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
-
i.e. IP3 receptor, recombinantly expressed in HEK cells, forms tetrameric Ca2+ channels in the endoplasmic reticulum
-
-
?
ATP + tyrosine hydroxylase
ADP + phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase
-
enzyme is involved in the signal transduction regulatory mechanism in the triiodothyronine T3-activation of forebrain tyrosine hydroxylase
-
-
?
ATP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 2
ADP + ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex core phosphoprotein 2
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein]
ADP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphoprotein]
ATP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator protein]
ADP + [Whi3 cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein]
-
phosphorylation of Ser568 leads to inhibition of Whi3
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
regulation by reversible phosphorylation, overview
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
regulation of the enzyme involves reversible phosphorylation at the activation loop, and associative or dissociative mechanisms
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
-
the enzyme is a key player in cellular responses to the second messenger cAMP
-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + phosphorylated protein
A0A068EPY7
-
-
-
?
ATP + actin
ADP + phosphorylated actin
-
sperm protein substrate
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
-
initiating the degradative pathway, PKA regulates the association of Atg1 with the preautophagosomal structure PAS, overview
-
-
?
ATP + autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
ADP + phosphorylated autophagy-related protein kinase Atg1
-
initiating the degradative pathway, PKA regulates the association of Atg1 with the preautophagosomal structure PAS, overview
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
-
the enzyme as well as GABAB receptors are involved in induction of cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation in hippocampus by gamma-hydroxybutyrate, overview
-
-
?
ATP + cAMP-responsive element binding protein
ADP + phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein
-
the enzyme as well as GABAB receptors are involved in induction of cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation in hippocampus by gamma-hydroxybutyrate, overview
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK1
-
recombinant FLAG-tagged GRK1 expressed in HEK-293 cells, enzymatic inactivation of the receptor activity inhibiting rhodopsin phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
ADP + phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptor GRK7
-
recombinant FLAG-tagged GRK1 expressed in HEK-293 cells, enzymatic inactivation of the receptor activity inhibiting rhodopsin phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
ADP + phosphorylated NDUFS4 subunit of complex I
-
complex I is the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, E.C 1.6.5.3
-
-
?
ATP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein]
ADP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphoprotein]
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein]
ADP + [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphoprotein]
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + [tau-protein]
ADP + O-phospho-[tau-protein]
-
abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau by PKA is associated with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies leading to neuronal degeneration
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a central role in regulation of diverse aspects of cellular activity, especially in the controlling of maturation of spermatids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
elevated PKA activity results in activation of stress-associated proteins and of enzymes involved in protein biosynthesis and glucose catabolism, in contrast, proteins which are involved in nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis are downregulated
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP level during light and dark phases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme activates NS1619-induced flavoprotein oxidation modulating mitochondrial Ca2+-activated K+ channels, mechanism of the cardioprotective effect and modulation by PKA, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P34099
enzyme plays an essential role during differentiation and fruit morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P17612
the enzyme plays a central role in the control of mammalian sperm capacitation and motility
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
merlin acts as an PKA-anchoring protein being linked to the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA works coordinatedly with GSK3beta, EC 2.7.11.1, on tau phosphorylation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of GRK1 and GRK7 by cAMP level during light and dark phases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme interacts with the neuron cortex membrane protein gravin via Ca2+-independent binding to the regulatory RII enzyme subunit, gravin provides a platform to localize kinases, besides PKA also PKCalpha and PKCbetaII, in an isozyme-specific and activation-dependent manner at specific sites in neurons, gravin is strongly upregulated in cells during differentiation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a paradoxical role in cell motility facilitating and inhibiting actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration, overview, the enzyme is regulated in a subcellular space during cell migration, regulatory subunits RII are enriched in protrusive cellular structures and pseudopodia formed during chemotaxis, anchoring of PKA inhibits pseudopod formation and cell migration, regulation of the process overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cystic fibrosis results from mutations in the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein, CFTR, a cAMP/protein kinase A, PKA, and ATP-regulated Cl- channel, the formation of the cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent annexin 2 S100A10 complex with cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein, CFTR, regulates CFTR channel function, overview, PKA regulates anx 2 and S100A10 cellular distribution in HNE cells, modulation of PKA activity alters localization and distribution of anx 2–S100A10 in HNE cells, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
inhibition of caspase-dependent spontaneous apoptosis via a cAMP-protein kinase A dependent pathway in neutrophils from sickle cell disease patients, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
redox regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling: kinase versus phosphatase inactivation, in HeLa cells PKA activity follows a biphasic response to thiol oxidation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP-dependent PKA induces type I tumor necrosis factor receptor exosome-like vesicle release via anchoring of PKA regulatory subunit RIIbeta to A kinase-anchoring protein domains B and C of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein BIG2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a central role in the adipokinetic signaling controling the mobilization of stored lipids in the fat body
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
oestrogen-dependent increase in cAMP increases Ca2+-dependent exocytosis through protein kinase A-dependent pathway and through alternative cAMP-guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF/Epac-dependent pathway in secretory cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA type I regulates ethanol-induced cAMP response element-mediated gene expression via activation of CREB-binding protein and inhibition of MAPK, regulation overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in cyclic nucleotide signaling, overview, individually phosphorylated PKA-R isozymes are differentially targeted to distinct cellular compartments by AKAP-isozymes, providing a multifaceted platform for the kinase
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
signaling by cAMP-dependent protein kinase plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian sperm motility
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in cyclic nucleotide signaling, overview, individually phosphorylated PKA-R isozymes are differentially targeted to distinct cellular compartments by AKAP-isozymes, providing a multifaceted platform for the kinase
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA plays a crucial role in the release of the catch state of molluskan muscles, mechanism, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
activated PKA catalytic subunit C with cAMP or 8-bromo-cAMP, stimulated by beta1-adrenoreceptor activity, inhibits store-operated channel current activity in vascular tissue
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-I is no substrate of PKA in vivo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the PKA catalytic subunit a serine/threonine kinase, that can phosphorylate many substrates, such as additional protein kinases and transcription factors
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q7K6A0
the PKA catalytic subunit a serine/threonine kinase, that can phosphorylate many substrates, such as additional protein kinases and transcription factors
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q7KQK0
the PKA catalytic subunit a serine/threonine kinase, that can phosphorylate many substrates, such as additional protein kinases and transcription factors
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP-dependent activation of BKCa channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle is not catalyzed by PKA but by cGMP-dependent protein kinase PKG, thus PKA is not involved in cAMP-induced signaling in pulmonary vasodilation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
induced by the pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone FSH PKA also catalyzes the dephosphorylation of residues T421 and S424 of the autoinhibitory domain of p70S6K, resulting in activation of p70S6K important for differentiation of Sertoli cells in male reproduction, regulation overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
PKA regulatory and catalytic subunits are bound in the CSR complex including the protein kinase A anchoring protein AKAP 95 and several CSR-binding proteins, the complex acts in stabilizing the LDH-A mRNA, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
tau becomes a more favorable substrate for GSK-3 when it is prephosphorylated by PKA in rat brain, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation inhibits an associated loss in spatial memory
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is not required for adenosine-induced dilation of intracerebral arterioles and regulation of cerebral blood flow
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a paradoxical role in cell motility facilitating and inhibiting actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration, overview, the enzyme is regulated in a subcellular space during cell migration, regulatory subunits RII are enriched in protrusive cellular structures and pseudopodia formed during chemotaxis, anchoring of PKA inhibits pseudopod formation and cell migration, regulation of the process overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP elevation in the Schwann cell is sufficient to induce E-cadherin expression accompanied by suppression of N-cadherin expression
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP-dependent neurite outgrowth is mediated by PKA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
exchange protein activated by cAMP acts synergistically with PKA in cAMP-mediated mitogenesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
cAMP concentration and PKA activity are increased and important in exocytotic acrosome reaction taking place in fertilization when sperm contacts the egg jelly layer EJ, EJ component fucose sulfate polymer triggers sperm PKA activation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme regulates the G2/M transition in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, it also blocks progesterone-induced germinal vesicle envelope breakdown GVBD, Cdc-25-dependent dephosphorylation of Tyr15 in Cdc2, and synthesis of MEKK Mos
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
N6-benzyl-ATP
-
preferred co-substrate of catalytic subunit mutant M120G, but inhibitory versus kemptide, overview
N6-phenethyl-ATP
-
preferred co-substrate of catalytic subunit mutant M120G, but inhibitory versus kemptide, overview
ATP
-
binding site structure: spans both lobes, the N-terminal beta-sheet and C-terminal alpha-helix of the core scaffold, binding of ATP and release of ADP in the open enzyme conformation, residues Asp184, Lys72, and Asp166 are involved, schematic overview
ATP
-
the binding site is a deep pocket lined by hydrophobic residues, enzyme affinity for ATP is increased 2fold by phosphorylation of the activation loop at Thr197, ATP competes with the phosphorylated activation loop, that acts as an autoinhibitory substrate
ATP
-
dependent on, the binding site is a deep pocket lined by hydrophobic residues, enzyme affinity for ATP is increased 2fold by phosphorylation of the activation loop at THr197, ATP competes with the phosphorylated activation loop, that acts as an autoinhibitory substrate
ATP
-
binds between two lobes, directing the gamma-phosphate outwards while the adenine ring lies deep in the cleft between the lobes
ATP
-
binding pocket and small lobe structure, binding involves D166, N171, D184, and K72
ATP
-
PKA-Mg2+-ATP-substrate complex formation and effects on enzyme activity and stability, overview
ATP
-
-
661013, 662153, 662180, 662206, 662212, 662347, 662386, 662393, 662674, 662851, 663212, 663237, 663295, 672829, 674837, 675892, 691022, 691092, 692212, 692294, 693126, 693219, 693742, 693925, 694186, 694404, 708764, 721701
ATP
-
-
660948, 661135, 662347, 662393, 663212, 663349, 677061, 690366, 691722, 693043, 694508, 721663, 721744, 722670
ATP
-
-
662279, 662452, 662614, 662709, 663295, 663394, 672647, 675671, 676192, 677184, 690353, 692216, 694153, 694155, 694279, 721701, 722989
ATP
residues of the PfPKA catalytic subunit G40, G42, and G45 are involved in ATP fixation, E82 in ATP stabiization, D175 in orienting the phosphate of ATP; residues of the PfPKA catalytic subunit G40, G42, and G45 are involved in ATP fixation, E82 in ATP stabiization, D175 in orienting the phosphate of ATP
ATP
-
-
661073, 662302, 662321, 662380, 662491, 662675, 662873, 663237, 671678, 672227, 675021, 690339, 691139, 692515, 693043, 693123, 693206, 693323, 693735, 694375, 694404, 710100, 710589, 721548, 721701, 723596
cAMP
-
dependent
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
-
extracellular Ca2+ is required for enzyme activity in sperm
Mg2+
Zn2+
additional information
Mg2+
-
dependent on, chelates the beta- and gamma-phosphate of ATP, Mg2+ is the physiologic metal ion, other divalent cations are able to support nucleotide binding, but only Mn2+, Co2+, and Cd2+ can substitute Mg2+ in supporting the catalytic activity
Mg2+
-
-
Mg2+
-
PKA-Mg2+-ATP-substrate complex formation and effects on enzyme activity and stability, overview
Mg2+
-
activates the enzyme, binds to beta- and gamma-phosphate of ATP and to Asp184
Mg2+
-
absolutely required, as MgATP2-, best at 0.5 mM Mg2+, inhibitory at higher Mg2+ concentrations, cannot be substituted by Mn2+
Mg2+
-
-
Mg2+
-
-
additional information
-
Ca2+ activates calpain which activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase
additional information
-
in HeLa cells PKA activity follows a biphasic response to thiol oxidation, overview
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(Rp)-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothionate triethyl ammonium salt
-
inhibitor of PKA
(Rp)-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate
-
i.e. (Rp)-cAMPS, analogue of cAMP, competitive inhibition of PKA activation by cAMP, binding site structure
(Sp)-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate
-
i.e. (Sp)-cAMPS, analogue of cAMP, competitive inhibition of PKA activation by cAMP, binding site structure
AdcAhxArg6
-
i.e. adenosine 5'-carboxylic acid-6-aminohexanoic acid-L-arginine, peptide-nucleoside conjugate inhibitor, inhibition of the catalytic subunit, binding mechanism
adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-Imino)triphosphate
-
binding structure at the ATP binding site
bicarbonate
-
p270 phosphorylation is not observed when sperms are incubated with M2 medium that contains 4.2 mM bicarbonate
guanethidine
-
noncompetitive inhibiting serine peptide analogue with respect to ATP
H-85
-
unspecific kinase inhibitor, inhibits 23% of the acrosome reaction in sperm at 0.03 mM
imatinib
competes for the ATP binding site; competes for the ATP binding site
myristoylated PKA peptide inhibitor
-
14-22 amide, blocks egg jelly layer induction of PKA
-
N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino) ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride
-
-
N6-benzyl-ATP
-
preferred co-substrate of catalytic subunit mutant M120G, but inhibitory for the mutant, not the wild-type enzyme, versus kemptide, overview
N6-phenethyl-ATP
-
preferred co-substrate of catalytic subunit mutant M120G, but inhibitory for the mutant, not the wild-type enzyme, versus kemptide, overview
nifedipine
-
inhibits sperm protein phosphorylation by the enzyme
rhodamine B-PKI(14-22)-GFMK
-
potent, competitive, irreversible inhibitor, 97% inhibition at 0.001 mM
Rp-cAMP
-
0.5 mM significantly reduces forskolin- and dibutyryl-cAMP-induced PKA activation
STVHEILCKLSLEG
-
an acetylated peptide Ac1-14, but not the nonacetylated equivalent N1-14, inhibits PKA-dependent outwardly rectifying Cl- channels, ORCC, and CFTRmediated currents, the peptide sequence is equivalent to the S100A10 binding site on anx 2, it disrupts the anx S100A10/CTFR interaction
Acetylsalicylic acid
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
Acetylsalicylic acid
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
H-89
-
i.e. N-[2-((4-bromocinnamyl)amino)ethyl]5-isoquinolinesulfonamide, as hydrochloride
H-89
-
0.02 mM significantly reduces forskolin- and dibutyryl-cAMP-induced PKA activation
H-89
-
PKA inhibitor, inhibits 87% of the acrosome reaction in sperm at 0.03 mM
H2O2
-
H2O2 inhibits activation of PKA, but inhibition can be reverted with dithiothreitol or with thioredoxin reductase plus thioredoxin, H2O2 is ineffective if the PKA holoenzyme is preincubated with cAMP, if added to the catalytic alpha-subunit, which is active independently of cAMP activation, or if the catalytic alpha-subunit is substituted by ist C199A mutant in the reconstituted holoenzyme
H2O2
-
H2O2 inhibits activation of PKA, but inhibition can be reverted with dithiothreitol or with thioredoxin reductase plus thioredoxin, H2O2 is ineffective if the PKA holoenzyme is preincubated with cAMP, if added to the catalytic alpha-subunit, which is active independently of cAMP activation, or if the catalytic alpha-subunit is substituted by ist C199A mutant in the reconstituted holoenzyme
H89
inhibits PfPKA catalytic subunit activity in vitro, leads to parasite growth arrest and morphological alteration; inhibits PfPKA catalytic subunit activity in vitro, leads to parasite growth arrest and morphological alteration
IP20
-
inhibitory peptide TTYADFIASGRTGRRN, residues 5-24 of inhibitor PKI, inhibits the ATPase function of the enzyme
IP20
-
peptide RRNAI, derived from the inhibitory sequence of RIalpha comprising residues 94-98, inhibition mechanism
naproxen
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
naproxen
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
nimesulide
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
nimesulide
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
piroxicam
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
piroxicam
-
a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases adrenaline- or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glycerol release in isolated adipocytes
PKI
-
recombinant His-tagged rabbit PKA inhibitor protein PKI, binding involves Arg133
-
protein kinase inhibitor
PKI, a natural endogenous inhibitor; PKI, a natural endogenous inhibitor
-
pseudosubstrate peptides
-
IC50 values for inhibition of the regulatory subunits of PKA by endogenous inhibitors, overview
-
pseudosubstrate peptides
-
IC50 values for inhibition of he regulatory subunits of PKA by endogenous inhibitors, overview
-