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2,4-Dibromo-DL-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
2-Chloro-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
77% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
2-chloro-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
77% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
2-fluoro-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Methyl-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
2-methyl-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3,4-Dibromo-DL-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
10% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
? + CO2
-
regulation of the ganglionic dopamine level
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
3,5-Dibromo-DL-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
72% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
3,5-dibromo-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
72% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3-Chloro-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
81% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
3-chloro-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
81% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine
?
3-Methyl-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
80% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
3-methyl-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
80% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
4-fluoro-L-tryptophan
4-fluorotryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
4-methyl-L-tryptophan
4-methyltryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-Fluoro-DL-Trp
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
5-fluoro-DL-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
5-fluoro-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
5-(2-aminoethyl)-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-fluoro-L-tryptophan
5-fluorotryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
24% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
5-hydroxytryptamine + O2
5-hydroxyindolacetaldehyde + NH3
-
side reaction, decarboxylation-dependent transamination
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
5-Methyl-DL-Trp
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
17% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
5-methyl-DL-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
17% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
6-fluoro-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)-5-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
6-fluoro-threo-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine
4-(2-aminoethyl)-5-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
7-Aza-DL-Trp
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
7-aza-DL-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
2% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
1% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-dopamine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone + NH3
-
side reaction, decarboxylation-dependent transamination
-
?
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa
alpha-methyl-dopamine + CO2
carbidopa
?
-
interaction of carbidopa with the Phe103 residue of the enzyme, the residue forms a displaced sandwich-type sigma-complex with carbidopa
-
-
?
Carboxyl-L-Trp
?
-
-
-
-
-
DOPA
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
dopamine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NH3
-
-
-
?
L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
serotonin + CO2
L-kynurenine
3-amino-1-(2-aminophenyl)propan-1-one + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
15% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
L-kynurenine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
15% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
L-phenylalanine
L-phenethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
L-threo-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine
4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
L-typtophan
tryptamine + CO2
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
m-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
5% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
m-tyrosine
m-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Methylene-L-Trp
?
-
-
-
-
-
N-methyl-L-dopa
N-methyldopamine + CO2
o-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
32% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
o-fluorophenylalanine
o-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
p-fluorophenylalanine
p-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
p-tyrosine
p-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
? + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Trp-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
? + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
Tryptophan
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Tyr-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
? + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
tyrosine
tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine

?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
10% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
10% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
little stereospecificity between D-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
Thalictrum rugosum
-
-
-
-
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
i.e. L-dopa
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
neuroprotective role for AADC against L-DOPA toxicity in primary striatal cultures. The protective effect is due primarily to AADC-dependent conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, leading, in turn, to an increase in intracellular dopamine levels
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
during the reaction with L-Dopa, monitored by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, a 420 nm band attributed to the 4'-N-protonated external aldimine first appears, and its decrease parallels the emergence of a 390 nm peak, assigned to the 4'-N-unprotonated external aldimine. The pH profile of the spectral change at 390 nm displays a pK of 6.4, which may represent the ESH(+) -> ES catalytic step
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
i.e. L-dopa
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-DOPA, substrate exerts apoptotic cytotoxicity towards PC12 cells at a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mM for 24-48 h
major amine neurotransmitter
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine

?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
8% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan

5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan

serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan

5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
serotonin
-
-
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan

Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
neurotransmitter
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
The biosynthesis of serotonin requires aromatic substrates to be bound in the active sites of the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
24% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa

alpha-methyl-dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa
alpha-methyl-dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
His

?
-
-
-
-
-
His
?
-
no activity
-
-
-
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, AADC constitutes the last enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of dopamine
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
DOPA, plays a role in the neuromodulation of behavior
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
the renal dopaminergic system is highly dynamic and the basic mechanisms for the regulation of this system mainly depends on the availability of L-dopa, its fast decarboxylation into dopamine, precise cell outward amine transfer mechanisms, dopamine interaction with specific receptor and accurate intracellular signal transduction
-
-
?
L-5-hydroxytryptophan

serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa

dopamine + CO2
-
dopamine can serve as the catecholamine substrate for melanin production
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
dopamine has a neural role and is metabolized to produce melanin and sclerotin in epidermal tissues
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
691469, 691846, 692661, 693374, 701921, 702954, 704803, 705265, 705269, 705756, 705914, 714634, 716172, 716342 -
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is central in the synthesis of biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters, these include serotonin as well as the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
second enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the synthesis of important neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
substrate ionization is related to the catalytic event
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
clozapine modulates AAAD activity in striatum and enhances exogenous L-DOPA decarboxylation in intact mice and mice lesioned with1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Kinetic analysis of AAAD at 1 h showed an increase in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate L-DOPA and the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with no changes for Km. Dopamine D4 and 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A antagonists also increase AAAD activity in striatum
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters and serotonin
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
production of neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
ir
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Phe

phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
no reaction
-
-
-
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
no activity
-
-
-
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
no reaction
-
-
-
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
m-DL-Tyr, 17% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
at 87% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
o-DL-Tyr, 17% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
L-Tyr, 120% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
L-phenylalanine

2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine

?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
120% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine

phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
ir
L-Trp

Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
-
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ1065
-
-
-
-
-
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
no reaction with D-Trp
-
-
-
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
ir
L-tryptophan

tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
catalyzes an early step of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
enzyme responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and indoleamine synthetic pathway, second step enzyme for monoamine synthesis
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-typtophan

tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-typtophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tyrosine

?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
120% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
120% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine

Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
m-Tyr

?
-
-
-
-
-
N-methyl-L-dopa

N-methyldopamine + CO2
-
in addition, enzyme catalyses the decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination of alpha-methyl-dopa, but the oxidative reaction is considerably slower than the decarboxylation reaction
-
?
N-methyl-L-dopa
N-methyldopamine + CO2
-
in addition, enzyme catalyses the decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination of alpha-methyl-dopa, but the oxidative reaction is considerably slower than the decarboxylation reaction
-
?
o-fluorophenylalanine

o-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
o-fluorophenylalanine
o-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
o-Tyr

?
-
-
-
-
-
Tyr

?
-
-
-
-
-
Tyr
?
-
no activity with L-Tyr
-
-
-
Tyr
?
-
no activity
-
-
-
Tyr
?
-
no reaction
-
-
-
Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
at 120% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
87% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
-
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
no substrate: L-tyrosine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: L-tyrosine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
no substrate: L-tyrosine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 3-methoxyphenylalanine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no significant activity towards aliphatic amino acids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC activity is required in the epidermis for the synthesis of dopamine that is metabolized to produce reactive quinones that exert killing effects on invading bacteria
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DDC plays a role in the Drosophila innate immune response in larvae and adults
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
dopa decarboxylase plays an essential role in wound healing in the Drosophila embryo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
AADC deficiency leads to severe floppiness, oculogyric crises, athetoid movement, prominent startle response, tongue thrusting, ptosis, paroxysmal diaphoresis, nasal congestion, diarrhea, irritability and sleep disorders, patients with AADC deficiency in Taiwan have particular clinical manifestations of small hands and feet
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
AADC follows the initial and rate-limiting step of synthesis, which is the formation of levodopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan from tyrosine and tryptophan by specific tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a disorder of biogenic amine metabolism resulting in generalized combined deficiency of serotonin, dopamine and catecholamines. Main clinical features are developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, dystonia, oculogyric crises and additional extraneurological symptoms
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a rare inborn error of neurotransmitter biosynthesis that leads to a combined deficiency of catecholamines and serotonin and is characterized by global developmental delay, involuntary movements, and autonomic dysfunction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
deficiency of the enzyme leads to a reduced level of downstream biogenic amines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin, which plays a potential pathophysiological role in disorders of psychomotor modulation, maladjustment in sleep pattern, body temperature, cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
L-dopa decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in many malignancies
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Mutations that decrease substrate binding can result in a decrease in serotonin production and thus can lead to depression and related disorders
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
regulating factor of the proliferation and differentiation of different leukocyte subtypes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and DDC mRNA in plasma of children with neuroblastoma are highly correlated
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
under all reaction conditions tested, the enzyme fails to catalyze thyroid hormone decarboxylation. The enzyme is responsible for Thyronamine biosynthesis via decarboxylation of thyroid hormone
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
normal movement and behavior do not depend on complete recovery of enzyme function (after suicide inhibition), but likely on pre-synaptic and post-synaptic compensatory mechanisms
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus
-
constitutive enzyme
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus
-
no activity with 4-nitro-DL-phenylalanine, 3,5-dinitro-DL-tyrosine, 2,4,4-trihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine, alpha-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-L-alanine, 2-phenyl-DL-serine, 2-thiazole-DL-alanine, and L-histidine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
no activity with 4-nitro-DL-phenylalanine, 3,5-dinitro-DL-tyrosine, 2,4,4-trihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine, alpha-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-L-alanine, 2-phenyl-DL-serine, 2-thiazole-DL-alanine, and L-histidine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DDC is involved in the synthesis of dopamine, serotonin and acts as an androgen receptor co-regulator protein
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the imprinting and developmental regulation of Ddc_exon1a expression in the heart suggests fundamental roles in cardiogenesis and cardiac function
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the key step in the formation of the aromatic amines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine is catalyzed by a single enzyme
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no enzyme activity detected with D-phenylalanine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan or L-histidine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no enzyme activity detected with D-phenylalanine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan or L-histidine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
possible role in alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is essentially inactive towards other aromatic amino acids such as 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Lphenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is essentially inactive towards other aromatic amino acids such as 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Lphenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is essentially inactive towards other aromatic amino acids such as 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Lphenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in the production of biogenic amines
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DOPA cyclohexyl ester is an antagonist of DOPA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exhibits half-transaminase activity toward D-aromatic amino acids and oxidative deaminase activity toward aromatic amines
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids into their corresponding amines
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the pig DDC is able to catalyze oxidative deamination of aromatic amines, cf. EC 4.3.1., and the generated carbonyl compounds act as suicide or mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme, catalytic mechanism with formation of a ketimine and superoxide as reaction intermediates, overview. The stoichiometry of dioxygen consumed with respect to carbonyl compound and ammonia formed as well as amine oxidized is 1:2. Studies with an analogue of serotonin undergoing oxidative deamination with DDC, i.e. D-tryptophan methyl ester, shows the accumulation of the quinonoid intermediate of this reaction
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
? + CO2
-
regulation of the ganglionic dopamine level
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
ir
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
L-typtophan
tryptamine + CO2
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
m-tyrosine
m-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
p-tyrosine
p-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Tryptophan
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
tyrosine
tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Dopamine + CO2
-
neuroprotective role for AADC against L-DOPA toxicity in primary striatal cultures. The protective effect is due primarily to AADC-dependent conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, leading, in turn, to an increase in intracellular dopamine levels
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-DOPA, substrate exerts apoptotic cytotoxicity towards PC12 cells at a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mM for 24-48 h
major amine neurotransmitter
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan

5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan

serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan

5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
serotonin
-
-
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan

Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
-
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
neurotransmitter
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
The biosynthesis of serotonin requires aromatic substrates to be bound in the active sites of the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, AADC constitutes the last enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of dopamine
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
DOPA, plays a role in the neuromodulation of behavior
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
the renal dopaminergic system is highly dynamic and the basic mechanisms for the regulation of this system mainly depends on the availability of L-dopa, its fast decarboxylation into dopamine, precise cell outward amine transfer mechanisms, dopamine interaction with specific receptor and accurate intracellular signal transduction
-
-
?
L-Dopa

dopamine + CO2
-
dopamine can serve as the catecholamine substrate for melanin production
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
dopamine has a neural role and is metabolized to produce melanin and sclerotin in epidermal tissues
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
691469, 691846, 692661, 693374, 702954, 704803, 705756, 705914, 714634, 716172, 746908, 748845 -
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is central in the synthesis of biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters, these include serotonin as well as the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
second enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the synthesis of important neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
clozapine modulates AAAD activity in striatum and enhances exogenous L-DOPA decarboxylation in intact mice and mice lesioned with1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Kinetic analysis of AAAD at 1 h showed an increase in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate L-DOPA and the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with no changes for Km. Dopamine D4 and 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A antagonists also increase AAAD activity in striatum
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters and serotonin
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
production of neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
ir
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine

2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp

Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
ir
L-tryptophan

tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
catalyzes an early step of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
enzyme responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and indoleamine synthetic pathway, second step enzyme for monoamine synthesis
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-typtophan

tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-typtophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
100% activity
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DDC activity is required in the epidermis for the synthesis of dopamine that is metabolized to produce reactive quinones that exert killing effects on invading bacteria
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DDC plays a role in the Drosophila innate immune response in larvae and adults
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
dopa decarboxylase plays an essential role in wound healing in the Drosophila embryo
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
AADC deficiency leads to severe floppiness, oculogyric crises, athetoid movement, prominent startle response, tongue thrusting, ptosis, paroxysmal diaphoresis, nasal congestion, diarrhea, irritability and sleep disorders, patients with AADC deficiency in Taiwan have particular clinical manifestations of small hands and feet
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
AADC follows the initial and rate-limiting step of synthesis, which is the formation of levodopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan from tyrosine and tryptophan by specific tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a disorder of biogenic amine metabolism resulting in generalized combined deficiency of serotonin, dopamine and catecholamines. Main clinical features are developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, dystonia, oculogyric crises and additional extraneurological symptoms
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a rare inborn error of neurotransmitter biosynthesis that leads to a combined deficiency of catecholamines and serotonin and is characterized by global developmental delay, involuntary movements, and autonomic dysfunction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
deficiency of the enzyme leads to a reduced level of downstream biogenic amines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin, which plays a potential pathophysiological role in disorders of psychomotor modulation, maladjustment in sleep pattern, body temperature, cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
L-dopa decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in many malignancies
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Mutations that decrease substrate binding can result in a decrease in serotonin production and thus can lead to depression and related disorders
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
regulating factor of the proliferation and differentiation of different leukocyte subtypes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and DDC mRNA in plasma of children with neuroblastoma are highly correlated
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
normal movement and behavior do not depend on complete recovery of enzyme function (after suicide inhibition), but likely on pre-synaptic and post-synaptic compensatory mechanisms
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus
-
constitutive enzyme
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DDC is involved in the synthesis of dopamine, serotonin and acts as an androgen receptor co-regulator protein
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the imprinting and developmental regulation of Ddc_exon1a expression in the heart suggests fundamental roles in cardiogenesis and cardiac function
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the key step in the formation of the aromatic amines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine is catalyzed by a single enzyme
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
possible role in alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in the production of biogenic amines
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DOPA cyclohexyl ester is an antagonist of DOPA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids into their corresponding amines
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the pig DDC is able to catalyze oxidative deamination of aromatic amines, cf. EC 4.3.1., and the generated carbonyl compounds act as suicide or mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme, catalytic mechanism with formation of a ketimine and superoxide as reaction intermediates, overview. The stoichiometry of dioxygen consumed with respect to carbonyl compound and ammonia formed as well as amine oxidized is 1:2. Studies with an analogue of serotonin undergoing oxidative deamination with DDC, i.e. D-tryptophan methyl ester, shows the accumulation of the quinonoid intermediate of this reaction
-
-
-
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(2S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid
-
-
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid
-
-
(S)-alpha-(fluoromethyl)tryptophan
-
the suicide substrate effectively inhibits TDC activity extracted from rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae and the inhibition rate increases dependent on preincubation time
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
-
MPTP, after 7 days of treatment, AAAD activities are decreased by more than 50% in the mouse striatum
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzylhydrazine
-
-
2-Phenylethylamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition, 80% inhibition at 0.5 mM
2-[1-[4-hydroxy-5-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-5-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
-
inhibitor isolated from Euonymus glabra Roxb.
2-[[(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]amino]-N-phenylbenzamide
-
competitive. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
3'-hydroxybenzylhydrazine
-
NSD-1015, a central aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
inhibitory effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine on the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazino-2-methyl propionic acid
-
carbiDOPA, addition of 10 microM inhibitor to reaction mixtures (Y332F mutant with L-dopa) in the presence or in the absence of catalase or superoxide dismutase, immediately stops the O2 consumption.
3-hydroxy-benzylhydrazine
-
-
3-[2-hydroxy-5-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl]-5-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
-
inhibitor isolated from Euonymus glabra Roxb., structural analogue of dopamine. Compound is able to suppress the activity of dopa decarboxylase and dopamine levels in purified enzyme and cell-based assays
4-Bromo-3-hydroxy-benzyloxyamine
-
-
4-[(E)-[(3-phenyl-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol
-
mixed type inhibition. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
4-[(E)-[(3-phenyl-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
-
competitive. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
4-[(E)-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]imino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
-
competitive. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
5-hydroxy indole acetic acid
-
the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is 20% inhibited by 0.33 mM 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid
7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist
alpha-methyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
alpha-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
alpha-Methyl-D,L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine
alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
71% inhibition at 0.2 mM
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa
Micrococcus percitreus
-
60% inhibition at 0.2 mM
alpha-Methylhydrazinodopa
-
-
alpha-monofluoromethyl-DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
suicide inhibitor
alpha-synuclein
-
significantly reduces AADC activity
-
annexin 5
-
endogenous inhibitor, identified and purified from human placenta presented in the membrane function, shows 30.4% inhibition by incubation of the human placenta samples in the presence of 0.34 unit ddc from mouse kidney homogenate. The inhibitor exhibits an optimum activity at 50 mM NaCl, pH 6.5, is heat labile and is deactivated by boiling. After incubation of the placental homogenate with proteinase K, inhibitory activity is partially abolished, suggesting that a population of inhibitor molecules is embedded in the membrane.
-
apomorphine
-
inhibition in rat striatum
benzerazide
Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by benzerazide, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis
beta-phenylethylamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
bromocryptine
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist
Chalcone derivatives
-
-
-
Clorgyline
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist
D-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
D-tryptophan
-
non-competitive inhibitor
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
Dithiobisnitrobenzoate
-
-
DL-alpha-Difluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
DL-m-Tyr
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
DL-m-tyrosine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
50% inhibition at 4 mM
epigallocatechin-3-gallate
Fe2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
Fluoromethyl dopamine
-
-
histamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
1% inhibition at 4 mM
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
L-alpha-Methyl-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid
-
-
L-histidine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
5% inhibition at 4 mM
L-Phe
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
L-phenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 53% inhibition at 0.5 mM
L-Tyr
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
L-tyrosine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 38% inhibition at 0.5 mM
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
-
-
N-5'-Phosphopyridoxyl-L-dopa
-
-
N1-Seryl N2-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl) hydrazine
-
-
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
-
-
Pargyline
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist
potassium bicarbonate
Micrococcus percitreus
-
57% inhibition at 1 M
pyridoxamine phosphate
Micrococcus percitreus
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
quinpirole
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist
R-(+)-Amino-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene
-
-
testosterone propionate
-
repetitive treatment of female mice with testosterone propionate for 2 weeks elicits a marked decrease in renal DCC activity
3-Indoleacetamide

Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
3-Indoleacetamide
Micrococcus percitreus
-
27% inhibition at 0.25 mM
3-Indolealdehyde

Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
3-Indolealdehyde
Micrococcus percitreus
-
33% inhibition at 0.25 mM
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan

-
strong inhibitory effect of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan on the conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
-
substrate inhibition
5-hydroxytryptophan

-
-
Al3+

-
-
Al3+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine

Micrococcus percitreus
-
76% inhibition at 0.2 mM
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition
Amb2470350

-
a reversible competitive inhibitor
Amb2470350
-
a reversible competitive inhibitor
Amb2470350
-
a reversible competitive inhibitor
Benserazide

-
-
Benserazide
-
competitive inhibitor of L-Dopa, but a non-competitive inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptophan
Benserazide
-
levels of intracellular dopamine after L-DOPA treatment (0.02 and 0.1 mM) are significantly decreased by the AADC inhibitor benserazide (0.02 mM) for 6-24 h exposure prior to L-DOPA treatment in PC12 cells, the 230%-350% increases in dopamine levels by L-DOPA are reduced to 187%-284% by benserazide for 6 h
Benserazide
-
peripheral inhibitor
Benserazide
-
intrastriatal inhibition of the enzyme prevents the appearance of L-dopa-induced dyskinetic movements at the lesioned side
BH4

-
-
carbidopa

-
-
carbidopa
Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by carbidopa, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis
carbidopa
-
strongly inhibited by increasing concentrations of carbidopa, at a concentration of 0.4 mM carbidopa the conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is completely inhibited, at a concentration of 0.25 mM the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is completely inhibited
carbidopa
-
Thr82 is implicated in 4'-hydroxyl catechol ring binding
carbidopa
-
the compound is able to block the reaction at the Michaelis complex step in DDC
carbidopa
-
non-competitive inhibitor
carbidopa
-
levels of intracellular dopamine after L-DOPA treatment (0.02 and 0.1 mM) are significantly decreased by the AADC inhibitor carbidopa (0.020 mM) for 6-24 h exposure prior to L-DOPA treatment in PC12 cells, the 230%-350% increases in dopamine levels by L-DOPA are reduced to 187%-284% by 153%-248% by carbidopa for 6 h
Cu2+

-
-
Cu2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine

-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
dopamine

-
the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is strongly inhibited by dopamine
dopamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
dopamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
complete inhibition at 0.5 mM
epigallocatechin-3-gallate

-
EGCG, the inhibitory effect is mediated by blocking the entrance to the catalytic site, therefore, preventing substrate binding
epigallocatechin-3-gallate
-
direct inhibitory effect on both histidine decarboxylase and DOPA decarboxylase. Modeling of binding to the enzymes. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate does not affect the quaternary structure of the enzyme and remains stable in the active site throughout the entire trajectory. After 700 ps of simulation, epigallocatechin-3-gallate moves deeper into the active site. While adopting this conformation, epigallocatechin-3-gallate actually fills the binding pocket and blocks its entrance pathway
epinephrine

Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
epinephrine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
30% inhibition at 4 mM
Hg2+

-
-
Hg2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
hydroxylamine

-
-
L-Dopa

-
20.3% decrease in activity in corpus striatum following a 2 years treatment
L-Dopa
-
slight substrate inhibition is observed at high concentration of L-Dopa
L-Dopa
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition, 98% inhibition at 1 mM
L-Dopa
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist
L-Dopa
-
substrate inhibition
Methyldopa

-
alpha-methyldopa
N-acetyldopamine

-
-
NEM

-
-
NEM
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
norepinephrine

Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
norepinephrine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
40% inhibition at 4 mM
NSD-1015

-
-
NSD-1015
-
non-competitive inhibitor
PCMB

-
-
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

-
inhibition at high concentrations, stimulation at lower concentration
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
optimal concentration for pharate pupae enzyme: 0.02 mM; optimal concentration for the white pupae enzyme: 0.4 mM
Semicarbazide

-
-
serotonin

-
and/or its aldehyde, behaves as a mechanism-based inhibitor, product inhibition
serotonin
Micrococcus percitreus
-
2% inhibition at 4 mM
serotonin
-
and/or its aldehyde, behaves as a mechanism-based inhibitor, product inhibition
serotonin
-
and/or its aldehyde, behaves as a mechanism-based inhibitor, product inhibition
tryptamine

-
competitive inhibitor
tryptamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
5% inhibition at 1 mM
tyramine

Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
tyramine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition, 71% inhibition at 0.5 mM
Zn2+

-
-
Zn2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae,no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
additional information

-
decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis in the presence of Ddc small interfering RNA of about 30%, compared with the controls; Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by small interfering RNA for Ddc and antibodies against Ddc, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis. Haemocyte-surface-associated Ddc is decreased by about 90% in haemocytes transfected with Ddc siRNA, compared to the control experiment; when haemocytes are pretreated with anti-Ddc instead of Ddc small interfering RNA before challenge with Escherichia coli, a greater decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis (about 60%) is observed, compared with the siRNA results (30%)
-
additional information
decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis in the presence of Ddc small interfering RNA of about 30%, compared with the controls; Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by small interfering RNA for Ddc and antibodies against Ddc, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis. Haemocyte-surface-associated Ddc is decreased by about 90% in haemocytes transfected with Ddc siRNA, compared to the control experiment; when haemocytes are pretreated with anti-Ddc instead of Ddc small interfering RNA before challenge with Escherichia coli, a greater decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis (about 60%) is observed, compared with the siRNA results (30%)
-
additional information
-
not sensitive to diisopropyl flurophosphate
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by 3-methoxy-tyrosine, homovanillic acid, or 5-hydroxy-tryptamine
-
additional information
-
diminished AAAD activity in dopaminergic cells that overexpress alpha-sinuclein
-
additional information
-
increasing concentrations of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin have a minimal inhibitory effect on enzyme solubilization while leupeptin inhibits release of membrane-bound enzyme
-
additional information
-
4-benzoquinone might be the crucial chemical moiety for binding and inhibiting human DOPA decarboxylase
-
additional information
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the inhibitory principle is based on a hydrazine group that forms a hydrazone derivative with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, thus blocking it and inactivating the enzyme. Thus, a greater amount of L-Dopa can reach the brain where it can be transformed to dopamine ameliorating disease symptoms. Compounds acting via a suicide mechanism by alkylating the enzyme: alpha-chloromethyl and alpha-fluoromethyl derivatives of Dopa, alpha-vinyl-Dopa and alpha-acetylenic Dopa. The phosphopyridoxyl aromatic amino acids Schiff base analogues and substrate analogues, like green tea polyphenols, also inhibit the enzyme
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successful strategies to inhibit the decarboxylase have included the synthesis of fluoro-derivatives, which act as competitive and/or suicide inhibitors, as it is the case of several fluoro-dopa derivatives
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overview
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Micrococcus percitreus
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not inhibited by D-tryptophan, kynuramine, octopamine, and 3-indoleacetate
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in castrated male mice, DCC activity decreases in all parts of the small intestine, reaching values similar to those in females
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not inhibited by L-alpha-fluoromethyltyrosine and L-alpha-fluoromethyl(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
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human autoantibody
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dopamine receptor activation decreases AAAD activity
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L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (100 mg/kg) increases the striatal dopamine content but elicits no effect on locomotor activity in the presence of benserazide (50 mg/kg i.p.), a peripheral AADC inhibitor. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine increases the dopamine content in the presence of 3'-hydroxybenzylhydrazine to a maximal degree similar to that in the presence of benserazide. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester is a suitable L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine antagonist that would be available under in vivo experimental conditions.; L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester would antagonize the behavioral responses of conscious rats to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the presence of 3'-hydroxybenzylhydrazine. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester elicits a dose-dependent partial antagonism against the increase in locomotor activity induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. A low dose of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester (10 mg/kg) elicits full antagonism against the potentiating effect of a non-effective dose of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (20 mg/kg) on the increase in locomotor activity induced by a dopamine D2 agonist quinpirole (0.3 mg/kg s.c.). L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester elicits full antagonism against licking behavior induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
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a decrease in urinary levels of dopamine and in renal AADC activity at 20 twenty-six weeks after renal mass ablation
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compounds acting via a suicide mechanism by alkylating the enzyme: alpha-chloromethyl and alpha-fluoromethyl derivatives of Dopa, alpha-vinyl-Dopa and alpha-acetylenic Dopa. The phosphopyridoxyl aromatic amino acids Schiff base analogues and substrate analogues, like green tea polyphenols, also inhibit the enzyme
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additional information
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compounds acting via a suicide mechanism by alkylating the enzyme: alpha-chloromethyl and alpha-fluoromethyl derivatives of Dopa, a-vinylDopa and alpha-acetylenic Dopa. The phosphopyridoxyl aromatic amino acids Schiff base analogues and substrate analogues, like green tea polyphenols, also inhibit the enzyme
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