EC Number   |
Recommended Name |
Application |
|---|
   1.10.3.1 | catechol oxidase |
agriculture |
could help pawpaw growers and food processors to develop proper storage and processing methods to avoid the undesirable color changes |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
creation of dwarf plants |
| 2.3.1.183 | phosphinothricin acetyltransferase |
agriculture |
creation of herbicide resistant plants |
 2.5.1.32 | 15-cis-phytoene synthase |
agriculture |
creation of marker-free transgenic plants |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
cryptochromes are required for the transient induction of GA2ox1 expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to blue light, for the sustained elevation of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in continuous blue light, and for maintaining a high amplitude of the circadian rhythm of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in long-day photoperiods |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
cultivar My5514 is resistant to Sporisorium scitamineum, whereas B42231 is susceptible to the pathogen. Inoculation of sugarcane stems elicits lignification and produces significant increases of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Production of lignin increases about 29% in the resistant cultivar and only 13% in the susceptible cultivar after inoculation |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
cultivar My5514 is resistant to Sporisorium scitamineum, whereas B42231 is susceptible to the pathogen. Inoculation of sugarcane stems elicits lignification and produces significant increases of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Production of lignin increases about 29% in the resistant cultivar and only 13% in the susceptible cultivar after inoculation. The resistance of My5514 to Sporisorium scitamineum is likely derived, at least in part, to a marked increase of lignin concentration by the activation of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase |
| 2.3.1.95 | trihydroxystilbene synthase |
agriculture |
cultures expressing plant oncogene rolB of Agrobacterium rhizogenes show an 1.3- to 3.8fold increase in expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and stilbene synthase, resulting in increased resveratrol production |
| 2.4.1.19 | cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase |
agriculture |
cyclodextrin production, agriculture chemistry |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
cytochrome P450 monooxygenase as a tool for metabolizing of herbicides in plants |
| 3.5.4.43 | hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminohydrolase |
agriculture |
degradation of atrazine to non-phytotoxic metabolites |
| 3.8.1.8 | atrazine chlorohydrolase |
agriculture |
degradation of chemically stable and toxic herbicide atrazine in soil and groundwater to non-toxic hydroxyatrazine |
| 1.21.99.5 | tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase |
agriculture |
degradation of lipophilic solvent tetrachloroethene, one of the most abundant halogenated xenobiotic pollutants in the environment |
| 2.5.1.47 | cysteine synthase |
agriculture |
dehydration stress enhances the activity of enzyme OASTL, as well as Cys content by 20.0% and 25.6%, respectively. The treatment of NaHS plus dehydration stress enhances OASTL activity and Cys content by 20.7% and 22.9%, respectively, compared with the stressed plants. The inclusion of H2S scavenger hypotaurine slows down the activity of OASTL by 27.9. A similar inhibitory effect of hypotaurine is also noticed on Cys content, which exhibits a 31.9% lower value than the stressed seedlings |
| 1.14.19.30 | acyl-lipid (8-3)-desaturase |
agriculture |
DELTA-5 and DELTA-6 desaturase are candidate genes for use in aquaculture, to enhance both disease resistance and fish oil production |
| 1.14.19.47 | acyl-lipid (9-3)-desaturase |
agriculture |
DELTA-5 and DELTA-6 desaturase are candidate genes for use in aquaculture, to enhance both disease resistance and fish oil production |
| 1.18.1.2 | ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase |
agriculture |
design of an in vivo system to optimize flavodoxin reduction and NADP+ regeneration under stress using a version of cyanobacterial ferredoxinNADP+ reductase without the thylakoid-binding domain. Co-expression of the two soluble flavoproteins in the chloroplast stroma of Nicotiana tabacum results in lines displaying maximal tolerance to redox-cycling oxidants, lower damage and decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation |
| 1.1.1.2 | alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
agriculture |
detoxification of eutypine toxin from Eutypa lata, the causal agent of Eutypa dieback in the grapevine Vitis vinifera |
| 3.8.1.3 | haloacetate dehalogenase |
agriculture |
detoxification of poisonous plants for animal food |
| 4.3.2.10 | imidazole glycerol-phosphate synthase |
agriculture |
development of allosteric antibiotics, herbicides, and antifungal compounds because the enzyme is absent in mammals but provides an entry point to fundamental biosynthetic pathways in plants, fungi, and bacteria |
| 2.4.1.82 | galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase |
agriculture |
development of an F2 population with 168 individuals by crossing lineages PI603452, PI283327, PI200508 and NA5909. A three base pair deletion in raffinose synthase 2 gene (GmRS2-Glyma.06G179200) on PI200508 accession explains 69.61%, 51.81% and 31.96% of stachyose, raffinose and sucrose variation, respectively, and soybean with average stachyose content of 0.18% can be produced. The mutation can be used to increase sucrose and reduce raffinose and stachyose content without major changes in oil and protein |
| 1.1.1.282 | quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
agriculture |
development of novel herbicides |
| 1.8.5.1 | glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) |
agriculture |
development of overexpressing rice plants under the regulation of a maize ubiquitin promoter. Enzyme overexpression in seven independent homologous transgenic plants, as compared to wild-type plants, increases photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities under paddy field conditions, which leads to an improved ascorbate pool and redox homeostasis. Overexpression significantly improves grain yield and biomass due to the increase of culm and root weights and enhance panicles and spikelet numbers |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
development of tomato plants with delayed fruit ripening by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transfer of a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, the enzyme delays fruit ripening by decreasing ethylene synthesis |
| 4.1.1.2 | oxalate decarboxylase |
agriculture |
development of transgenic plants resistant to fungal infection, transgenic tobacco and tomato plants expressing oxalate decarboxylase show remarkable resistance to phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that utilizes oxalic acid during infestation |
| 3.2.1.6 | endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase |
agriculture |
disease protection of plants because of antimycotic activity in combination with chitinases |
| 1.14.19.1 | stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase |
agriculture |
disease resistance |
| 2.3.1.133 | shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase |
agriculture |
downregulation of key genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, such as hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), through terminator-less constructs to reduce lignin content. T1 transgenic rice plants show 36-86% transcript reduction in HCT lines. Down-regulated lines show significant reduction in total lignin content with lignin reduction ranging from 4.6 to 10.8% |
| 4.2.1.69 | cyanamide hydratase |
agriculture |
due to its innate ability to convert cyanamide to urea and the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of cyanamide, the cah gene can be used to facilitate plant growth promotion and biocontrol of phytopathogens |
| 3.2.1.14 | chitinase |
agriculture |
due to the potential of broad-spectrum antifungal activity barley chitinase gene can be used to enhance fungal-resistance in crop plants such as rice, tobacco, tea and clover |
| 4.3.1.24 | phenylalanine ammonia-lyase |
agriculture |
during culture of Morinda citrifolia adventitious roots in different strength, i.e. 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 of Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5 mg/l indole butyric acid and 30 g/l sucrose, phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity shows a positive correlation in relation to salt strength that leads to an increase in phenol biosynthesis in expense of anthraquinone formation. With the increasing salt strength, root growth and anthraquinone accumulation decrease significantly |
| 4.2.2.2 | pectate lyase |
agriculture |
during infection controlling of pectate lyase and pectin lyase activities by host sap pH or oligogalacturonides would be the best mechanism to control Fusarium colonization or infection |
| 1.3.7.12 | red chlorophyll catabolite reductase |
agriculture |
economically important plants overexpressing ACD2 might also show increased tolerance to pathogens and might be useful for increasing crop yields |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
ectopic expression of gibberllin 2-oxidase in wheat decreases the content of bioactive gibberellins and produces a range of dwarf plants with different degrees of severity. The dwarf phenotype is stably inherited over at least four generations and includes dark-green leaves, increasing tillering and, in severe cases, a prostrate growth habit. Expression of gibberlic acid biosynthesis genens TaGA20ox1 and TaGA3ox2 is up-regulated ant that of two alpha-amylase genes down-regulated in scutella of semi-dwarf lines. The phenotypes are restored to normal by application of gibberellin 3 |
| 1.14.11.60 | scopoletin 8-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
ectopic expression of the peptides IRONMAN (IMA1 and IMA2) improves growth on calcareous soil by inducing biosynthesis and secretion of the catecholic coumarin 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (fraxetin) via increased expression of MYB72 and scopoletin 8-hydrxylase. The response is strictly dependent on elevated environmental pH |
| 3.4.21.7 | plasmin |
agriculture |
effect of plasmin on in vitro embryo production. Plasmin added to the 18 h in vitro maturation medium increases the maturation rate of embryos without affecting fertilization or embryo development rates |
| 2.4.1.100 | 2,1-fructan:2,1-fructan 1-fructosyltransferase |
agriculture |
effect of temperature and storage time of plant on enzyme activity |
| 3.4.21.73 | u-Plasminogen activator |
agriculture |
effect of urokinase-type plasminogen activator on in vitro embryo production. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator added to the 18 h in vitro maturation medium significantly increases embryo development rates |
| 3.5.1.97 | acyl-homoserine-lactone acylase |
agriculture |
effective in quenching quorum sensing of fish pathogens |
| 4.1.2.47 | (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase |
agriculture |
enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins produced by enzyme-catalyzed synthesis are important synthetic intermediates for agrochemicals |
| 1.14.14.3 | bacterial luciferase |
agriculture |
engineering of broad-host-range Erwinia amylovora virus Y2 to enhance its killing activity and for use as a luciferase reporter phage. The reporter phage Y2::luxAB transduces bacterial luciferase into host cells and induces synthesis of large amounts of a LuxAB luciferase fusion. After the addition of aldehyde substrate, bioluminescence can be monitored, and enables rapid and specific detection of low numbers of viable bacteria |
| 2.4.2.31 | NAD+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase |
agriculture |
engineering strategy for the creation of a plant-tolerated, zymogen-like form of an otherwise toxic protein. Engineering of a random propeptide library at the C-terminal end of ADP-ribosyltranferase Vip2 and selecting for malfunctional enzyme variants in yeast leads to a proenzyme proVip2 which possesses reduced enzymatic activity as compared with the wild-type Vip2 protein, but remains a potent toxin toward rootworm larvae. The zymogenized Vip2 can be proteolytically activated by rootworm digestive enzyme machinery |
| 1.14.15.7 | choline monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enhancing glycine betaine synthesis is one of the most promising ways to improve salt tolerance in cotton |
| 1.16.1.7 | ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) |
agriculture |
enhancing the Fe3+ chelate reductase activity of rice plants that normally have low endogenous levels confers resistance to Fe deficiency |
| 3.2.1.151 | xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase |
agriculture |
enzyme activity during infection by Penicillium expansum Link decreases drastically after 24-48 h which results in changes in xyloglucan structure and may increase fruit softening and wall disassembly |
| 1.18.6.1 | nitrogenase |
agriculture |
enzyme activity increases with increasing concentration of O2 in the root zone. Photosynthetic rate, plant dry mass, leaf N content, and nodule fresh mass are maximal in plants maintained with 15-25% O2 in the root zone |
| 2.1.1.156 | glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally |
| 2.1.1.157 | sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase |
agriculture |
enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally |
| 2.4.1.16 | chitin synthase |
agriculture |
enzyme deletion mutants are unable to form appressoria on artificial surfaces, except following the application of the exogenous inducers 1,16-hexadecanediol and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Mutants are significantly reduced in their ability to enter rice plants, but growth in planta is not affected |
| 2.7.2.4 | aspartate kinase |
agriculture |
enzyme does not exist in animals, good target for conception of new pesticides controlling weeds, fungi and bacteria |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme expressed in Oryza sativa results in high tolerance to herbicides mefenacet, pyributicarb, amiprofos-methyl, trifluralin, pendimethalin, norflurazon, chlorotoluron and five chloroacetamides |
| 2.3.1.64 | agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase |
agriculture |
enzyme expression in Torenia hybrida leads to accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids, predominantly p-coumaroylagmatine, in transgenic plants, and the hydroxycinnamic acids are isomerized from the trans-form to the cis-form in planta. The transgenic line which accumulates the highest amount of endogenous hydroxycinnamic acids, i.e. total hydroxycinnamic acids at 47.5 mM, is resistant to the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. The transformants are not significantly resistant to three representative herbivores, Frankliniella occidentalis, Aphis gossypii, and Tetranychus ludeni |
| 1.14.14.82 | flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme expression is under control of pericarp color1, P1. The P1 controlled 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and C-glycosyl flavone defence compounds accumulate at significantly higher levels in Pr1 silks as compared to pr1 silks. By virtue of increased maysin synthesis in Pr1 plants, corn ear worm larvae fed on Pr1/P1 silks show slower growth as compared to pr1/P1 silks |
| 1.11.1.11 | L-ascorbate peroxidase |
agriculture |
enzyme expression markedly increases in leaves of plants subjected to conditions of long-term treatment with salinity, whereas Apx transcript levels remain unaffected in detached leaves during short-term salt treatment |
| 2.5.1.29 | geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase |
agriculture |
enzyme GGPS expression in crop plants may yield desirable agronomic traits, including enhanced growth of shoots and roots, early flowering, greater numbers of seed pods and/or higher seed yield with potential applications for fast production of plant biomass that provides commercially valuable biomaterials or bioenergy |
| 1.1.1.3 | homoserine dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
enzyme HSD is used in the development of pesticides |
| 2.5.1.62 | chlorophyll synthase |
agriculture |
enzyme inhibitors are potential herbicides |
| 2.4.1.16 | chitin synthase |
agriculture |
enzyme inhibitors can be useful as potential pesticidal agents |
| 1.15.1.1 | superoxide dismutase |
agriculture |
enzyme is a biochemical marker sufficient to identify a trypanosomatid isolated from a plant as belonging to the genus Phytomonas |
| 1.1.1.224 | mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase |
agriculture |
enzyme is a target for herbizide treatment |
| 1.3.3.4 | protoporphyrinogen oxidase |
agriculture |
enzyme is a target for light-dependent peroxidizing herbicides |
| 4.4.1.1 | cystathionine gamma-lyase |
agriculture |
enzyme is an antibacterial drug-target protein against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the most destructive bacterial disease of rice |
| 1.14.18.9 | 4alpha-methylsterol monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme is an antifungal target |
| 2.3.3.9 | malate synthase |
agriculture |
enzyme is required for pathogenicity of the fungal phytopathogen |
| 3.1.3.8 | 3-phytase |
agriculture |
enzyme is used in animal feed to reduce phosphate pollution |
| 3.1.3.26 | 4-phytase |
agriculture |
enzyme is used in animal feed to reduce phosphate pollution |
| 4.4.1.9 | L-3-cyanoalanine synthase |
agriculture |
enzyme may be responsible for the ability to detoxify cyanide in insect pest and hence responsible for tolerance of the cyanogenic cassava plant, this ability can possibly be compromised by enzyme inhibition, and may lead, in the long term, to the potential use of this enzyme as drug target for pest control |
| 3.1.3.8 | 3-phytase |
agriculture |
enzyme PHY US42 can be used as feed additive in combination with an acid phytase for monogastric animals |
| 3.1.3.8 | 3-phytase |
agriculture |
enzyme rSt-Phy is useful in the dephytinization of broiler feeds efficiently in simulated gut conditions of chick leading to the liberation of soluble inorganic phosphate with concomitant mitigation in anti-nutrient effects of phytates |
| 3.2.1.73 | licheninase |
agriculture |
enzyme shows the ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata |
| 1.4.1.4 | glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
agriculture |
enzyme TrGDH is a promising candidate gene for maintaining or improving yields in crop plants via genetic engineering |
| 3.2.1.55 | non-reducing end alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase |
agriculture |
enzyme, in cooperation with xylanase and xylosidase, can completely degrade the hemicellulose xylan, which is abundant in many agricultural wastes, as a renewable natural source and convert the xylans to valuable products |
| 3.2.1.55 | non-reducing end alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase |
agriculture |
enzymes capable of acting on arabinoglucuronoxylan have been reported to improve the digestibility of animal feed |
| 3.1.1.B12 | zearalenone hydrolase |
agriculture |
enzymic detoxification offers a practical and efficient method of ZEN decontamination. Zhd101 can be a promising genetic resource for in planta detoxification of the mycotoxin in important crops |
| 4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
agriculture |
ethylene governs both development and stress responses throughout plant development, the mechanism by which plants regulate ethylene biosynthesis is unclear, 14-3-3 proteins are required to cause a change in ACS function after phosphorylation |
| 4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
agriculture |
ethylene governs both development and stress responses throughout plant development, the mechanism by which plants regulate ethylene biosynthesis is unclear, ethylene overproducer 1 protein is a negative regulator of ethylene biosynthesis that inhibits the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase and promotes its degradation by a proteasome dependent pathway |
| 4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
agriculture |
ethylene is produced in increasing amounts during the germination process, the embryonic axis is the main producer, the abundance of Ca-ACS1 mRNA was highest at the onset of embryogenesis (stage-1), middle (stages 36) and low desiccation stages and dry seed, the transcript levels of Ca-ACS1 does not correlate with ACS activity |
| 4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
agriculture |
ethylene overproduction in protein phosphatase 2A-deficient plants requires isoforms ACS2 and ACS6 |
| 4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
agriculture |
ethylene production in cut carnation flowers cv. Excerea is suppressed by high-temperatures because of inhibition of ACC synthase, no ethylene production detected in flowers kept at 32°C, climacteric ethylene production observed during days 9-12 in flowers kept at 24°C |
| 2.3.1.146 | pinosylvin synthase |
agriculture |
even though pinosylvin, due to its high antifungal activity, could offer new possibilities in engineering disease resistance, its synthesis in heterologous plants may be restricted by factors related to 4-coumarate:CoA ligase-substrate specificity, or metabolic channelling. Cotransformation of pinosylvin-forming stilbene synthase and cinnamate-specific 4-coumarate:CoA ligase could offer a feasible tool to avoid these restrictions |
| 1.15.1.2 | superoxide reductase |
agriculture |
expression in Nicotiana tabacum as fusion protein with green fluorescent protein. Enzyme construct localizes to cytosol and nucleus. Enzyme retains its function and heat stability. Plant cells expressing the enzyme show enhanced survival at high temperatures |
| 1.4.1.4 | glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
agriculture |
expression in Oryza sativa. At the seedling stage, the leaf area and shoot and root dry weights of the high gdhA-expressors are higher than those of control plants under both high (high N) and low nitrogen (low N) conditions. The net photosynthesis rate at the heading stage is higher in transgenic than in control leaves. Under both high and low N conditions, the nitrogen contents in the shoots and roots, at seedling and grain-harvest stages, are significantly higher in high gdhA-expressors than in control plants. At the harvest stage, the high gdhA-expressors exhibit greater panicle and spikelet numbers per plant compared with control plants, resulting in higher grain weight. In addition, gdhA expression in forage rice significantly enhances their tolerance to salt stress compared to control plants |
| 1.11.1.11 | L-ascorbate peroxidase |
agriculture |
expression increases under drought stress, with maximum levels attained 5-days after imposition of stress |
| 4.2.99.21 | isochorismate lyase |
agriculture |
expression of a fusion of genes pchA and pchB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which encode isochorismate synthase and isochorismate pyruvate-lyase, in Arabidopsis thaliana, with targeting of the gene product either to the cytosol, c-SAS plants, or to the chloroplast, p-SAS plants. In p-SAS plants, the amount of free and conjugated SA is increased more than 20fold above wild type level. P-SAS plants show a strongly dwarfed phenotype and produce very few seeds. Targeting of SAS to the cytosol causes a slight increase in free salicylic acid and a significant threefold increase in conjugated salicylic acid. The modest increase in total salicylic content does not strongly induce the resistance marker PR-1, but results in enhanced disease resistance towards a virulent isolate of Peronospora parasitica. Increased resistance of c-SAS lines is paralleled with reduced seed production |
| 4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
agriculture |
expression of ACC synthase is the rate limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis and is controlled by a multiple regulatory pathway of auxin, brassinosteroid and light in Arabidopsis seedlings |
| 2.6.1.2 | alanine transaminase |
agriculture |
expression of AlaAT variants from diverse sources and different subcellular locations, in the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 background and alaat1, alaat2 knockout background under various conditions. Both the physical and physiological properties of AlaAT over-expressing transgenic plants demonstrate significant differences between plants expressing the different AlaAT enzymes under different external conditions. Plants over-expressing Mus musculus AlaAT1 and Hordeum vulgare AlaAT constitutively show increased leaf area.Pyrococcus furiosus AlaAT over-expressing cells take-up external leucine and alanine more effectively |
| 2.3.1.95 | trihydroxystilbene synthase |
agriculture |
expression of Arachis hypogaea resveratrol synthase in Oryza sativa. Compared to the wild-type rice, in which trans-resveratrol is undetectable, in transgenic rice, the trans-resveratrol achieves up to 0.697 microg/g fresh weigt in seedlings and 3.053 microg/g dry weight in seeds. The concentration of trans-resveratrol in transgenic rice seedlings can be induced up to eight or fourfold higher by ultraviolet or dark, respectively. Simultaneously, the endogenous increase of resveratrol protects the host plant from UV-C caused damage or dark-induced senescence |
| 3.2.1.14 | chitinase |
agriculture |
expression of Bacillus pumilus SG2 chitinase gene and its truncated form lacking chitin binding and fibronectin type III domains in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. The two enzyme forms show almost equal hydrolytic activity toward colloidal chitin. Recombinant enzyme in plant protein extracts displays a high inhibitory effect on spore germination and radial growth of hyphae in Alternaria brassicicola, Fusarium graminearum and Botrytis cinerea, while the activity of the truncated enzyme is strongly abolished |
| 1.2.3.4 | oxalate oxidase |
agriculture |
expression of barley oxalate oxidase gene confers stable resistance against stem rot in productive and highly susceptible Brassica juncea cv Varuna under field conditions. Stable, single-copy transgenic lines exhibit a significant reduction in the rate of lesion expansion reproducibly over the three-generation i.e. T2, T3, and T4 respectively. The enhanced resistance in the transgenic lines correlated with high oxalate oxidase activity, accumulation of higher levels of H2O2, and robust activation of defense responsive genes upon infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
| 1.7.2.4 | nitrous-oxide reductase |
agriculture |
expression of both the senzyme-coding gene nosZ and the mega-cassette of five coding sequences nosFLZDY in Nicotiana tabacum leads to active recombinant N2OR. Extracts from both types of transgenic plants exhibit N2O-reducing activity. The single-gene strategy produces higher reductase capability than the whole-operon approach. Bacterial nitrous oxide reductase expressed in plants could convert N2O into inert N2 without involvement of other Nos proteins |
| 1.1.3.17 | choline oxidase |
agriculture |
expression of CodA in potato plastid genome results in much higher mRNA level of CodA in leaves than in tubers. Glycine betaine accumulates in similar levels in both leaves and tubers of CodA-transplastomic potato plants. The glycine betaine content is moderately increased in transgenic plants, and compartmentation of glycine betaine in plastids confers considerably higher tolerance to drought stress compared to wild-type plants, with higher levels of relative water content and chlorophyll content under drought stress. Transplastomic plants present a significantly higher photosynthetic performance as well as antioxidant enzyme activities during drought stress |
| 4.4.1.14 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase |
agriculture |
expression of CyACS1 is involved in high-temperature induced necrosis of plant tissue |
| 1.14.14.38 | valine N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
expression of CYP79D2 from cassava in Arabidopsis thaliana results in the production of valine- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates not normally found in this ecotype. The transgenic lines show no morphological phenotype, and the level of endogenous glucosinolates is not affected. The novel glucosinolates constitute up to 35% of the total glucosinolate content in mature rosette leaves and up to 48% in old leaves. At increased concentrations of these glucosinolates, the proportion of Val-derived glucosinolates decreases. As the isothiocyanates produced from the Val- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates are volatile, metabolically engineered plants producing these glucosinolates have acquired novel properties with great potential for improvement of resistance to herbivorous insects and for biofumigation |
| 4.3.3.7 | 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase |
agriculture |
expression of dapA gene of E coli, insensitive to feedback-inhibition by L-lysine |
| 1.10.3.3 | L-ascorbate oxidase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme gene in sense and antisense orientation, no significant differences in phenotype except for a delay in flowering time in antisense palnts. At high salinity, increase in percentage of germination, photosynthetic activity and seed yield in antisense plants. Sense plants show a very low redox state of apoplastic ascorbate and increased hydrogen peroxide contents in symplastic and apoplastic spaces |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in Brassica napus provides the transgenic calona lines with tolerance to the inhibitory effects of salt stress, with the root-specific promoter rolD being the most effective. Improved salt tolerance is most likely due to decreased synthesis of stress ethylene |
| 3.2.1.14 | chitinase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in cotton plants leads to endochitinase activity in various tissues and in the medium surrounding the roots of tranformants. transgenic plants show rapid and greater induction of reactive oxygen species, expression of several defense-related genes, and activation of some pathogenesis-related enzymes and the terpenoid pathway. Even in the absence of a challenge from the pathogen, the basal activities of some of the defense-related genes and enzymes are higher in the endochitinase-expressing cotton plants |
| 3.6.1.5 | apyrase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in in Lotus japonicus results in enhanced nodulation that correlates with expression level |
| 3.5.99.7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in Lycopersicon esculentum yields plant showing a very healthy and more productive phenotype compared to wild-type. Transgenic plants have a higher chlorophyll content, and transgenic fruits show higher lycopene and beta-carotene content. Expression using promoters rolD or 35S is most effective, leading to larger roots, higher chlorophyll leaf and protein content, and increased average fruit weight |
| 2.6.1.13 | ornithine aminotransferase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in Oryza sativa, transgenic plants are significantly taller than control, and more resistant to high salinity and drought |
