6.3.2.2: glutamate-cysteine ligase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutamate-cysteine ligase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 6.3.2.2
-
6.3.2.2
-
ganglion
-
retinal
-
nerve
-
heme
-
plexiform
-
fiber
-
sulfoximine
-
dismutase
-
coherence
-
tomography
-
buthionine
-
s-transferase
-
oxygenase-1
-
macular
-
erythroid
-
quinone
-
neuroprotective
-
2-related
-
amacrine
-
cytoprotective
-
gssg
-
nadph:quinone
-
glaucoma
-
nf-e2-related
-
acuity
-
transpeptidase
-
sd-oct
-
peripapillary
-
intravitreal
-
nrf2-mediated
-
nrf2-dependent
-
dentate
-
spectral-domain
-
nrf2-are
-
factor-erythroid
-
subgranular
-
glutathione-related
-
gsh-dependent
-
phytochelatins
-
l-buthionine-s,r-sulfoximine
-
tert-butylhydroquinone
-
oxidoreductase-1
-
ech-associated
-
kelch-like
-
nrf2-regulated
-
fovea
-
biotechnology
-
medicine
-
perimetry
-
synthesis
-
gsh-depleting
-
agriculture
-
drug development
-
etdrs
-
pharmacology
-
spectralis
- 6.3.2.2
-
ganglion
- retinal
- nerve
- heme
-
plexiform
- fiber
- sulfoximine
- dismutase
-
coherence
-
tomography
-
buthionine
- s-transferase
- oxygenase-1
-
macular
-
erythroid
- quinone
-
neuroprotective
-
2-related
-
amacrine
-
cytoprotective
- gssg
-
nadph:quinone
- glaucoma
-
nf-e2-related
-
acuity
- transpeptidase
-
sd-oct
-
peripapillary
-
intravitreal
-
nrf2-mediated
-
nrf2-dependent
-
dentate
-
spectral-domain
-
nrf2-are
-
factor-erythroid
-
subgranular
-
glutathione-related
-
gsh-dependent
- phytochelatins
-
l-buthionine-s,r-sulfoximine
- tert-butylhydroquinone
-
oxidoreductase-1
-
ech-associated
-
kelch-like
-
nrf2-regulated
-
fovea
- biotechnology
- medicine
-
perimetry
- synthesis
-
gsh-depleting
- agriculture
- drug development
-
etdrs
- pharmacology
-
spectralis
Reaction
Synonyms
Ace-GCL, Asuc_1947, AtGCL, bifunctional glutathione synthetase, bifunctional GSH synthetase, bifunctional L-glutathione synthetase, gamma -GCS, gamma-ECL, Gamma-ECS, gamma-GC, gamma-GCS, gamma-GCS-GS, gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase-glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase/glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutaminylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamycysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase, gamma-Glutamylcysteinyl-synthetase, gammaGCS, GCL, GCLC, Gclc-X2, GCLM, GCS, GCSGS, ghF, GLCL, GLCLC, GLCLR, glutamate cysteine ligase, glutamate cysteine ligase gene, glutamate-cysteine ligase, glutamate-cysteine-ligase, glutamate–cysteine ligase, glutathione biosynthesis bifunctional protein GshAB, GSH1, GshA, gshAB, GshF, GshFAp, GshFAs, GSHI, I79_022778, L-glutamate L-cysteine ligase, More, PAD2, PhGshA II, PSHAa0937, StGCL-GS, Synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine
ECTree
6.3.2.2 glutamate-cysteine ligaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 6.3.2.2 - glutamate-cysteine ligase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + alpha-ethyl-L-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + alpha-ethyl-L-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + alpha-methyl-DL-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + alpha-methyl-DL-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + alpha-methyl-L-glutamate + 2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate
ATP + alpha-methyl-L-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + alpha-methyl-L-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + alpha-methylglutamate + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + alpha-methylglutamyl-L-Cys
-
i.e. 2-amino-2-methylpentanedioate
-
-
?
ATP + beta-aminoglutarate + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + beta-aminoglutaryl-L-Cys
-
i.e. 3-aminopentanedioate
-
-
?
ATP + beta-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + beta-Glu-L-Cys
-
17.6% of the activity relative to L-Glu
-
-
?
ATP + beta-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + beta-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + beta-methyl-DL-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + beta-methyl-DL-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + beta-methylglutamate + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + beta-methylglutamyl-L-Cys
-
i.e. 2-amino-3-methylpentanedioate
-
-
?
ATP + DL-alpha-aminoadipate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + DL-aminoadipyl-L-cysteine
-
about 10% of the activity with L-glutamate
-
-
?
ATP + DL-alpha-aminomethylglutarate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + DL-alpha-aminomethylglutaryl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + DL-alpha-aminomethylsuccinate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + DL-alpha-aminomethylsuccinyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + DL-beta-aminoadipate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + DL-beta-aminoadipyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
random ter-reactant mechanism with a preferred binding order
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + (R)-beta-amino-iso-butyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-(R)-beta-amino-iso-butyrate
-
2fold less reactive as the S-isomer
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + (S)-beta-amino-iso-butyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-(S)-beta-amino-iso-butyrate
-
2fold as reactive as the R-isomer
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + allo-L-threonine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-allo-L-threonine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + beta-amino-iso-butyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-beta-amino-iso-butyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + beta-cyano-L-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-beta-cyano-L-alanine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + DL-beta-amino-iso-butyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-DL-beta-amino-iso-butyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + gamma-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-gamma-aminobutyrate
-
mutant R366A
-
r
ATP + L-Glu + gamma-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + L-Glu-gamma-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + hydroxylamine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-hydroxylamine
-
slow reaction rate
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminoheptanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminoheptanoate
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-C-allylglycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-C-allylglycine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-isoleucine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-isoleucine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-leucine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-leucine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-valine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-valine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + n-propylamine
ADP + phosphate + N-propyl-L-glutamine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + O-methyl-DL-serine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-O-methyl-DL-serine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + S-methyl-L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-S-methyl-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + S-methyl-L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-S-methyl-L-cysteine
-
-
ir
ATP + N-methyl-L-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + N-methyl-L-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ATP + N-methyl-L-glutarate + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + N-methyl-L-glutaryl-L-Cys
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + threo-beta-hydroxy-DL-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + threo-beta-hydroxy-DL-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + threo-beta-hydroxy-L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + threo-beta-hydroxy-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + threo-gamma-hydroxy-L-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + threo-gamma-hydroxy-L-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
glutamate + ATP + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
assay at pH 8.2
-
-
?
GTP + L-Glu + L-Cys
GDP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
87% of the activity relative to ATP
-
-
?
L-glutamate + L-cysteine + ATP
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
UTP + L-Glu + L-Cys
UDP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
12% of the activity relative to ATP
-
-
?
ATP + alpha-methyl-L-glutamate + 2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + alpha-methyl-L-glutamate + 2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + D-Glu + L-2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-D-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + D-Glu + L-2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-D-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + D-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-D-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + D-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-D-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + D-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + D-Glu-L-Cys
-
8.5% of the activity relative to L-Glu
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + beta-chloro-L-Ala
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-beta-chloro-L-Ala
-
reaction sequence: L-Glu binding, ATP binding, ADP release, L-beta-chloroalanine binding, phosphate release, dipeptide release
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + beta-chloro-L-Ala
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-beta-chloro-L-Ala
-
strain KM: 79% of the activity relative to L-Cys, strain W: 99% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + beta-chloro-L-Ala
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-beta-chloro-L-Ala
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + beta-chloro-L-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-beta-chloro-L-alanine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + beta-chloro-L-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-beta-chloro-L-alanine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + DL-allylglycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-DL-allylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + DL-allylglycine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-DL-allylglycine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + Gly
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-Gly
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + Gly
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-Gly
-
14.5% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + Gly
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-Gly
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
strain KM: 85% of the activity relative to L-Cys, strain W: 81% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
60% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutanoate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-2-aminobutanoate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + L-Glu-2-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + L-Glu-2-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + L-Glu-2-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Ala
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Ala
-
10.9% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alanine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alanine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alanine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
-
r
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
?
-
enzyme catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of trypanothione, i.e. diglutathionylspermidine
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
the enzyme has key influence on glutathione homeostasis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
catalyzes the biosynthesis of the GSH precursor
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of glutathione
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
first and rate-limiting step in the GSH biosynthesis
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
-
catalyzes the biosynthesis of the GSH precursor
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
first and rate-limiting step in the GSH biosynthesis
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
combines glutamate and cysteine through the gamma carboxylmoiety rather than the alpha carboxyl moiety found in protein amide bonds, imparting resistance to proteolytic degradation
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
reaction can be performed by the catalytic subunit alone, but presence of the regulatory subunit in the holoenzyme increases the activity
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first and rate limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first and rate limiting step in GSH biosynthesis, rare hereditary enzyme deficiency is associated with low erythrocyte levels of the enzyme leading to hemolytic anemia
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first and rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first and rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting enzyme in the GSH biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism and model
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
regulation and signaling in GSH de novo synthesis pathway
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first and rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
r
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
first and rate-limiting step in the glutathione biosynthesis, important for maintenance of the intracellular thiol redox status and in detoxification processes
-
r
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of GSH, which is used for detoxification of herbicides by the plant
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1136, 1138, 1139, 1144, 1147, 1150
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first and rate limiting step in GSH de novo biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
part of GSH biosynthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting step of the chemoprotective glutathione synthesis
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first step in the biosynthesis of trypanothione via GSH
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
first step in the de novo biosynthesis of the tripeptide glutathione
-
r
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys
-
rate limiting and first step in glutathione biosynthesis, GSH metabolism, overview
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-homocysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-homocysteine
-
13.7% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-homocysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-homocysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-homocysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-homocysteine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-homoserine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-homoserine
-
17% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-homoserine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-homoserine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-norleucine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-norleucine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-norleucine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-norleucine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-norvaline
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-norvaline
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-norvaline
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-norvaline
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-norvaline
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-norvaline
-
14% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-norvaline
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-norvaline
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-norvaline
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-norvaline
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-Ser
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Ser
-
strain KM: 18% of the activity relative to L-Cys, strain W: 13% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-Ser
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Ser
-
14.5% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + L-serine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-serine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-serine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-serine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-threonine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-threonine
-
allo-L-threonine is a 5fold better substrate than L-threonine
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-threonine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-threonine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + L-threonine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-threonine
-
-
ir
ATP + L-Glu + S-methyl-L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-S-methyl-L-Cys
-
strain KM: 70% of the activity relative to L-Cys, strain W: 70% of the activity relative to L-Cys
-
-
?
ATP + L-Glu + S-methyl-L-Cys
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-S-methyl-L-Cys
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + 2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-(2-aminobutyrate)
2-aminobutyrate can replace cysteine, although with a lower activity
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + 2-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-(2-aminobutyrate)
2-aminobutyrate can replace cysteine, although with a lower activity
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ATCC 55618
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
redox regulation of the enzyme, overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
the enzyme plays a role in disease resistance in Arabidopsis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
the thiol-based regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase provides a posttranslational mechanism for modulating enzyme activity in response to in vivo redox environment
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of GSH. The regulatory mechanism is based on two intramolecular redox-sensitive disulfide bonds. Reduction of one disulfide bond allows a beta-hairpin motif to shield the active site of Brassica juncea GCL, thereby preventing the access of substrates. Reduction of the second disulfide bond reversibly controls dimer to monomer transition of the glutamate-cysteine ligase that is associated with a significant inactivation of the enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
redox regulation of the enzyme, a redox switch based on CC2-mediated homodimerization is unique to plant GCL enzymes, overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, plays a central role in glutathione homeostasis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
overexpression of gamma-GCS decreases drug-induced oxidative stress and confers drug resistance
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
treatment of human breast cancer cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose causes metabolic oxidative stress that is accompanied by increases in steady-state levels of glutamate cysteine ligase mRNA, glutamate cysteine ligase activity and glutathione content
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
upregulation of gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase is part of the long-term adaptation process to iron accumulation in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
evidence of TNF-alpha-mediated LEDGF induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit and mRNA expression. TNF-alpha-induced intracellular level of reactive oxygen species is critical for the regulation of the multidomain adaptor protein LEDGF, which subsequently influences cellular glutathione content by regulating transcription of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
first rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis, GCL is a major determinant of cellular GSH levels, pathway overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
GCL is the key glutathione-synthesizing enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
GCL is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, its catalytic subunit GCLC determines this de novo synthesis. Induction of GCLC is a strategy to enhance the antioxidant capability in cells
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, a mutation in the catalytic subunit gene 5'-UTR leads to reduced enzyme activity
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
the enzyme acts endogenously as an antioxidant and is involved in glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
GCL-mediated phosphorylation of L-glutamate creating the activated enzyme-bound gamma-glutamylphosphate intermediate
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
first step in glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Overexpression of the catalytic and modifier subunits of the enzyme leads to enhanced GCL activity and resistance to TNF-induced apoptosis. Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is a major mechanism of protection against TNF-induced apoptosis in Hepa-1 cells overexpressing the enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
the mechanism of modulation of eukaryotic gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase enzymes may include specific binding of ligands such as pyridine dinucleotide phosphates and reversible protein phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
first rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis, GCL is a major determinant of cellular GSH levels, pathway overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
GCL-mediated phosphorylation of L-glutamate creating the activated enzyme-bound gamma-glutamylphosphate intermediate
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
redox regulation of the enzyme, a redox switch based on CC2-mediated homodimerization is unique to plant GCL enzymes, overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
first step of glutathione synthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
gonadotropins regulate expression of follicular glutamate cysteine ligase in a follicle stage-dependent manner and in a glutamate cysteine ligase subunit-dependent manner
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
thyroid hormone promotes glutathione synthesis in astrocytes by upregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase through differential stimulation of its catalytic and modulator subunit mRNAs
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
first rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis, GCL is a major determinant of cellular GSH levels, pathway overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
mechanisms in regulation of GCLC and GCLM expression, overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
GCL-mediated phosphorylation of L-glutamate creating the activated enzyme-bound gamma-glutamylphosphate intermediate
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
assay at pH 8
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
reaction is catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
Streptococcus agalactiae serogroup V ATCC BAA-611 / 2603 V/R
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
ATP in form of MnATP2-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
ATP in form of MgATP2-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
first step in the biosynthesis of glutathione, pathway overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
redox regulation of the enzyme, overview
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
chilling stress strongly induces gamm-ECS mRNA
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + L-glutamate + L-cysteine
ADP + phosphate + L-glutamyl-L-cysteine
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-methyl-L-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + N-methyl-L-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
ATP + N-methyl-L-glutamate + L-alpha-aminobutyrate
ADP + phosphate + N-methyl-L-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate
-
-
ir
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, CC2 plays no role in GCL redox regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, beta-alanine, (R,S)-beta-amino-n-butyrate, and (R,S)-alpha-ethyl-beta-alanine are no substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, which both strongly impact on GCL activity in vitro, cysteines of CC2 involved in the monomer-dimer transition in GCL. CC2 plays a role in GCL redox regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, which both strongly impact on GCL activity in vitro, cysteines of CC2 involved in the monomer-dimer transition in GCL. CC2 plays a role in GCL redox regulation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enhancement of the glutathione biosynthetic capability, particularly in neuronal tissues, can extend the life span of flies
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, poor substrates are beta-glutamate, (R,S)-beta-methyl-DL-glutamate, (R,S)-gamma-methyl-glutamate, L-aspartate, and DL-alpha-aminoadipate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity, poor substrates are beta-glutamate, (R,S)-beta-methyl-DL-glutamate, (R,S)-gamma-methyl-glutamate, L-aspartate, and DL-alpha-aminoadipate
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is able to to combine glutamine and amines to form gamma-glutamylamides. The reaction rate depende on the length if the methylene chain of the amines in the following decreasing order: n-propylamine > butylamine > ethylamine > methylamine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, poor substrates are beta-glutamate, (R,S)-beta-methyl-DL-glutamate, (R,S)-gamma-methyl-glutamate, L-aspartate, and DL-alpha-aminoadipate
-
?
additional information
?
-
hyperthermal stress triggers adaptive increases in intracellular GSH biosynthesis in cnidarians as a protective response to oxidative/nitrosative stress, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
hyperthermal stress triggers adaptive increases in intracellular GSH biosynthesis in cnidarians as a protective response to oxidative/nitrosative stress, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH, enzyme overexpression provides resistance to melphalan and other drugs, overview, protection of cancer cells by increased GSH levels
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH, enzyme overexpression provides resistance to melphalan and other drugs, overview, protection of cancer cells by increased GSH levels
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additional information
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH, enzyme overexpression provides resistance to melphalan and other drugs, overview, protection of cancer cells by increased GSH levels
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additional information
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overexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 in human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 increases the intracellular H2O2 level by 40-50% and therefore results in a 2fold increase in enzyme expression
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the genotype of GLCLC is associated with drug sensitivity or resistance, respectively
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GCL activity is not associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients or disease severity, overview
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GCLC polymorphisms are associated with lower lung function levels causing lung disease, especially in association with oxidative stress due to smoking
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insulin stimulation of GCL catalytic subunit expression increases endothelial GSH during oxidative stress, overview. Functional importance of insulin in Nrf2-dependent transcriptional upregulation of GCLC in GSH recovery during oxidative challenge, role for Nrf2 involvement in both constitutive and inducible endothelial GCLc expression and GSH synthesis, while PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling appears to participate only in insulin-inducible GSH synthesis. Low glucose enhances the insulin-mediated increase in GCLc expression
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post-translational regulation of GCL, overview. GCLC and GCLM polymorphisms increase disease susceptibility in humans, overview
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the cis-element signaling of Nrf2/EpRE is involved in resveratrol-mediated induction of GCL genes
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the modifier subunit GCLM is not correlated with methamphetamine-use disorder or schizophrenia in the Japanese population, overview
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH
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additional information
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH
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ARE-driven gene expression of Gclc via a MEK/Nrf2 pathway can help to protect macrophages from oxidative stress due to hyperhomocysteinemia
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post-translational regulation of GCL, overview
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the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, CC2 plays a role in GCL redox regulation, overview
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the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, CC2 plays a role in GCL redox regulation, overview
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additional information
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH
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additional information
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the enzyme forms gamma-glutamyl-Tris in Tris buffers, substrate specificity, the L-glutamate analogues L-alpha-aminoadipate, L-asparate, glutarate, gamma-aminobutyrate, and gamma-methyl-DL-glutamate are poor substrates, beta-alanine, RS-beta-amino-n-butyrate, and RS-alpha-ethyl-beta-alanine are no substrates
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the enzyme forms gamma-glutamyl-Tris in Tris buffers, substrate specificity, the L-glutamate analogues L-alpha-aminoadipate, L-asparate, glutarate, gamma-aminobutyrate, and gamma-methyl-DL-glutamate are poor substrates, beta-alanine, RS-beta-amino-n-butyrate, and RS-alpha-ethyl-beta-alanine are no substrates
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH, regulation by dephosphorylation/phosphorylation
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH, regulation by dephosphorylation/phosphorylation
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differential regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit expression and increased holoenzyme formation in response to cysteine deprivation
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induced acute edematous pancreatitis is characterized by marked glutathione depletion in the pancreas, and a rapid restoration of GSH levels involving the enzyme, overview
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post-translational regulation of GCL, overview
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tumor development in gut tissue does not affect GCS enzyme activity
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tumor development in gut tissue does not affect GCS enzyme activity
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purified rat kidney GCL holoenzyme is capable of undergoing autophosphorylation, the phosphorylation is specific for the GCLC subunit, no phosphorylation of the GCLM subunit
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Met4 regulates the GSH1 expression in response to GSH availability, model for genetic regulation and control of GSH biosynthesis
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the bifunctional enzyme GshF exhibits the activities of glutamate-cyseteine ligase, EC 6.3.2.2, and glutathione synthetase, EC 6.3.2.3
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the bifunctional enzyme GshF exhibits the activities of glutamate-cyseteine ligase, EC 6.3.2.2, and glutathione synthetase, EC 6.3.2.3
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the bifunctiona enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 6.3.2.3, gltathione synthetase
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the bifunctiona enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 6.3.2.3, gltathione synthetase
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the bifunctiona enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 6.3.2.3, gltathione synthetase
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the bifunctional enzyme GshF exhibits the activities of glutamate-cyseteine ligase, EC 6.3.2.2, and glutathione synthetase, EC 6.3.2.3
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GSH synthesis is controlled by the amount of enzyme, L-cysteine and by feedback inhibition exerted by GSH
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additional information
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binding of ATP to the enzyme increases the binding affinity for L-Glu by 18fold, while binding of L-Glu or L-alpha-aminobutyrate decreases the affinity for binding of the other by 6fold
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most of the GSH produced in this pathway is converted to trypanothione
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the enzyme contains two intramolecular disulfide bridges, CC1 and CC2, CC2 plays no role in GCL redox regulation, overview
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