Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyridimidyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosurea | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens | |
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens | |
6-Hydroxydopamine | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
adriamycin | induces expression of heavy subunit | Mus musculus | |
AP-1 | transcription factor induces enzyme expression | Mus musculus | |
AP-1 | transcription factor induces enzyme expression | Homo sapiens | |
AP-1 | transcription factor induces enzyme expression | Rattus norvegicus | |
apocynin | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
beta-naphthoflavone | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
buthionine sulfoximine | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens | |
buthionine sulfoximine | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
butylated hydroxyanisole | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens | |
butylated hydroxytoluene | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
cigarette smoke condensate | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
diethyl maleate | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens | |
erythropoietin | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
Ethacrynic acid | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
ethoxyquin | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
H2O2 | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens | |
interleukin-1 beta | induces expression of heavy subunit | Mus musculus | |
iodoacetamide | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
menadione | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens | |
methylmercuric hydroxide | induces expression of heavy subunit | Mus musculus | |
methylmercuric hydroxide | induces expression of heavy subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | effect of miscellaneous treatments on enzyme mRNA expression, overview | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | ionization radiation induces expression of heavy subunit, effect of miscellaneous treatments on enzyme mRNA expression, overview | Mus musculus | |
additional information | multiple cis- and trans-elements have up-regulating effect on expression of the heavy catalytic subunit and of the regulatory light subunit, ionization radiation induces expression of heavy subunit, overview, effect of miscellaneous treatments on enzyme mRNA expression, overview | Homo sapiens | |
nitric oxide | induces expression of heavy and light subunit via direct exposure or interleukin-1 induced | Rattus norvegicus | |
oltipraz | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
oxidized low density lipoprotein | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
phorone | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
Prostaglandin A2 | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Mus musculus | |
tert-butyl hydroquinone | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
tert-butylhydroquinone | induces expression of heavy and light subunit | Homo sapiens |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
DNA sequence determination and analysis, 2 genes encode the 2 subunits, chromosomal mapping to 6p12 and 1p21, constitutive expression, expression of the heavy subunit alone or in combination with the light subunit in mammalian cells reveals that the regulatory subunit improves the activity, genetic regulation involving AP-1, overview, expression of several constructs in HepG2 cells, signaling for enzyme expression | Homo sapiens |
DNA sequence determination and analysis, genetic regulation involving AP-1, overview | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
genetic regulation involving AP-1, constitutive expression, overview | Rattus norvegicus |
the 2 subunits are encoded by 2 different genes and are located on chromosomes 9D-E and 3HI-3, genetic regulation involving AP-1, constitutive expression, overview | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ciprofibrate | inhibits expression of heavy subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
diquat | inhibits expression of heavy subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
GSH | feedback inhibition, acts on the heavy catalytic subunit | Homo sapiens | |
GSH | feedback inhibition, acts on the heavy catalytic subunit | Mus musculus | |
GSH | feedback inhibition, acts on the heavy catalytic subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
GSH | feedback inhibition | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
L-methionine | inhibits expression of heavy subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
lipopolysaccharides | inhibits expression of heavy subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | protein-supplemented diet inhibits expression of heavy subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
NF-kappaB | inhibits induction of enzyme expression by other substances, e.g. buthionine sulfoximine or tert-butylhydroquinone | Homo sapiens |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
additional information | kinetics, recombinant enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
1.4 | - |
L-glutamate | holoenzyme | Rattus norvegicus | |
18.2 | - |
L-glutamate | catalytic subunit | Rattus norvegicus |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Cu2+ | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
sodium arsenite | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens | |
Zn2+ | induces expression of heavy subunit | Homo sapiens |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
31000 | - |
1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
31000 | - |
1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
31000 | - |
1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Rattus norvegicus |
73000 | - |
1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
73000 | - |
1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
73000 | - |
1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Rattus norvegicus |
78200 | - |
- |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | Mus musculus | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | Rattus norvegicus | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | Homo sapiens | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism and model | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
2 subunits encoded by 2 genes | - |
Mus musculus | - |
2 subunits encoded by 2 genes | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
2 subunits encoded by 2 genes | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | - |
gene GSH1 | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
erythrocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | - |
Mus musculus | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | - |
Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism | Mus musculus | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism | Rattus norvegicus | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir | |
ATP + L-Glu + L-Cys | rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, regulation mechanism and model | Homo sapiens | ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys | - |
ir |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
dimer | 1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Mus musculus |
dimer | 1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
dimer | 1 * 73000, about, catalytic subunit, + 1 * 31000, about, regulatory subunit, SDS-PAGE | Rattus norvegicus |
monomer | 1 * 78200 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
More | the holoenzyme consists of a heavy catalytic and a light regulatory subunit, i.e. gamma-GCSh and gamma-GCSl | Mus musculus |
More | the holoenzyme consists of a heavy catalytic and a light regulatory subunit, i.e. gamma-GCSh and gamma-GCSl | Homo sapiens |
More | the holoenzyme consists of a heavy catalytic and a light regulatory subunit, i.e. gamma-GCSh and gamma-GCSl | Rattus norvegicus |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase | - |
Mus musculus |
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase | - |
Homo sapiens |
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
GCS | - |
Mus musculus |
GCS | - |
Homo sapiens |
GCS | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
GLCL | - |
Mus musculus |
GLCL | - |
Homo sapiens |
GLCL | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
GSH1 | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
ATP | - |
Mus musculus | |
ATP | - |
Homo sapiens | |
ATP | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
ATP | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Ki Value [mM] | Ki Value maximum [mM] | Inhibitor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.8 | - |
GSH | catalytic subunit | Rattus norvegicus | |
8.2 | - |
GSH | holoenzyme | Rattus norvegicus |