6.3.2.2: glutamate-cysteine ligase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutamate-cysteine ligase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 6.3.2.2
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6.3.2.2
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ganglion
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retinal
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nerve
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heme
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plexiform
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fiber
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sulfoximine
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dismutase
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coherence
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tomography
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buthionine
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s-transferase
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oxygenase-1
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macular
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erythroid
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quinone
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neuroprotective
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2-related
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amacrine
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cytoprotective
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gssg
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nadph:quinone
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glaucoma
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nf-e2-related
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acuity
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transpeptidase
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sd-oct
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peripapillary
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intravitreal
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nrf2-mediated
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nrf2-dependent
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dentate
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spectral-domain
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nrf2-are
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factor-erythroid
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subgranular
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glutathione-related
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gsh-dependent
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phytochelatins
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l-buthionine-s,r-sulfoximine
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tert-butylhydroquinone
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oxidoreductase-1
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ech-associated
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kelch-like
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nrf2-regulated
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fovea
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biotechnology
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medicine
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perimetry
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synthesis
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gsh-depleting
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agriculture
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drug development
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etdrs
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pharmacology
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spectralis
- 6.3.2.2
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ganglion
- retinal
- nerve
- heme
-
plexiform
- fiber
- sulfoximine
- dismutase
-
coherence
-
tomography
-
buthionine
- s-transferase
- oxygenase-1
-
macular
-
erythroid
- quinone
-
neuroprotective
-
2-related
-
amacrine
-
cytoprotective
- gssg
-
nadph:quinone
- glaucoma
-
nf-e2-related
-
acuity
- transpeptidase
-
sd-oct
-
peripapillary
-
intravitreal
-
nrf2-mediated
-
nrf2-dependent
-
dentate
-
spectral-domain
-
nrf2-are
-
factor-erythroid
-
subgranular
-
glutathione-related
-
gsh-dependent
- phytochelatins
-
l-buthionine-s,r-sulfoximine
- tert-butylhydroquinone
-
oxidoreductase-1
-
ech-associated
-
kelch-like
-
nrf2-regulated
-
fovea
- biotechnology
- medicine
-
perimetry
- synthesis
-
gsh-depleting
- agriculture
- drug development
-
etdrs
- pharmacology
-
spectralis
Reaction
Synonyms
Ace-GCL, Asuc_1947, AtGCL, bifunctional glutathione synthetase, bifunctional GSH synthetase, bifunctional L-glutathione synthetase, gamma -GCS, gamma-ECL, Gamma-ECS, gamma-GC, gamma-GCS, gamma-GCS-GS, gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase-glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase/glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutaminylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamycysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase, gamma-Glutamylcysteinyl-synthetase, gammaGCS, GCL, GCLC, Gclc-X2, GCLM, GCS, GCSGS, ghF, GLCL, GLCLC, GLCLR, glutamate cysteine ligase, glutamate cysteine ligase gene, glutamate-cysteine ligase, glutamate-cysteine-ligase, glutamate–cysteine ligase, glutathione biosynthesis bifunctional protein GshAB, GSH1, GshA, gshAB, GshF, GshFAp, GshFAs, GSHI, I79_022778, L-glutamate L-cysteine ligase, More, PAD2, PhGshA II, PSHAa0937, StGCL-GS, Synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine
ECTree
6.3.2.2 glutamate-cysteine ligaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 6.3.2.2 - glutamate-cysteine ligase
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SOURCE TISSUE 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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A2780/100 ovarian carcinoma cell exhibits resistance to DNA crosslinking agents, chlorambucil, cisplatin, melphalan, and ionizing radiation compared to the parental cell line, A2780. Drug-resistant cells have the inherent ability to maintain increased gamma-GCS activity
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oligophosphopeptides derived from egg yolk phosvitin up-regulate gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells
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acoustic overstimulation facilitates the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit probably through enhanced DNA binding of activator protein-1 and/or NF-kappaB in the murine cochlea
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basal expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and regulatory subunit is 59fold and 25fold higher in visceral yolk sac, respectively, compared to the embryo
subunit GCLM, but not subunit GCLC, expression is significantly increased in tumor samples, compared with normal mucosa, both at the mRNA and protein level
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gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mediates the c-Myc-dependent response to antineoplastic agents in melanoma cells
the protein expression levels of the GCL subunits (catalytic subunit, GCLc, and modulatory subunit, GCLm) and GCL activity are both significantly increased in renal cancer tissue
additional information
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treatment of human breast cancer cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose causes metabolic oxidative stress that is accompanied by increases in steady-state levels of glutamate cysteine ligase mRNA, glutamate cysteine ligase activity and glutathione content
optimal fermentation conditions are 25°C, 2 days, pH 6.0, and aeration level 1 vvm
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optimal fermentation conditions are 25°C, 2 days, pH 6.0, and aeration level 1 vvm
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1118, 1119, 1122, 1123, 1125, 1129, 1130, 1133, 1134, 1136, 1138, 1139, 1144, 1147, 1150, 649525, 653987, 692058, 694060
under optimal conditions found in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, chilling stress strongly induces gamma-ECS mRNA
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male transgenic mice induced to overexpress glutamate-cysteine ligase exhibit resistance to acetaminophen-induced liver injury when compared with acetaminophen-treated male mice carrying, but not expressing glutamate-cysteine ligase transgenes, or to female glutamatecysteine ligase transgenic mice
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both subunits of gamma-GCS are most prominently expressed in bronchiolar epithelium and are expressed generally weakly in alveolar macrophages. In interstitial lung diseases, gamma-GCS is expressed especially in the alveolar and metaplastic alveolar epithelium but is low in the fibrotic areas. The regulation of gamma-GCS is complex, being differentially modulated by various cytokines and durations of exposure, and in various cell types in human lung. Potential mechanism for the low gamma-GCS levels in fibrotic lung diseases may include down-regulation of catalytically active subunit of gamma-GCS
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catalytic subunit GCLc and modifier subunit GCLm are differently regulated during development in the placenta and the yolk sac. GCLm mRNA is constant throughout development, GCLc mRNA increases at gd 18 in both the placenta and the yolk sac. In the placenta the increase is localized to the spongiotrophoblast layer. GCLc protein level does not increase in parallel with the mRNA. The localization of GCLc mRNA and protein in mouse placenta is different, with the mRNA concentrated in the spongiotrophoblast and the protein in the labyrinth
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upregulation of gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase is part of the long-term adaptation process to iron accumulation in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells
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the shoot-specific expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase directs the long-distance transport of thiol-peptides to roots conferring tolerance to mercury and arsenic
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catalytic subunit GCLc andmodifier subunit GCLm are differently regulated during development in the placenta and the yolk sac. GCLm mRNA is constant throughout development, GCLc mRNA increases at gd 18 in both the placenta and the yolk sac
additional information
expression patterns of both subunits in the tissues, overview, 2 transcript different in size for both the heavy and light subunit occur in the tissues, some tumors overexpress only the heavy subunit rather than the holoenzyme
additional information
expression patterns of both subunits in the tissues, overview, 2 transcript different in size for both the heavy and light subunit occur in the tissues, some tumors overexpress only the heavy subunit rather than the holoenzyme
additional information
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expression patterns of both subunits in the tissues, overview, 2 transcript different in size for both the heavy and light subunit occur in the tissues, some tumors overexpress only the heavy subunit rather than the holoenzyme
additional information
expression patterns of both subunits in the tissues, overview, 2 transcripts different in size for both the heavy and light subunit occur in the tissues, some tumors overexpress only the heavy subunit rather than the holoenzyme
additional information
expression patterns of both subunits in the tissues, overview, 2 transcripts different in size for both the heavy and light subunit occur in the tissues, some tumors overexpress only the heavy subunit rather than the holoenzyme
additional information
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expression patterns of both subunits in the tissues, overview, 2 transcripts different in size for both the heavy and light subunit occur in the tissues, some tumors overexpress only the heavy subunit rather than the holoenzyme
additional information
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genotyping of 60 tumor cell lines from diverse source tissues for the GLCLC trinuleotide repeat
additional information
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correlating regional-specific expression and activity pattern, levels of heavy and light subunit are similar, distribution in brain
additional information
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in most tissues the modifier subunit GCLM is limiting, suggesting that an increase in GCLM alone would increase gamma-glutamylcysteine synthesis
additional information
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in most tissues the modifier subunit GCLM is limiting, suggesting that an increase in GCLM alone would increase gamma-glutamylcysteine synthesis
additional information
seasonal variations of activity in the digestive gland and to a lesser extent in the gills occur with activity increasing in spring compared to winter, no sex differences
