4.2.1.1: carbonic anhydrase This is an abbreviated version! For detailed information about carbonic anhydrase, go to the full flat file .
Reaction
H2CO3 =
CO2 +
H2O
Synonyms (CA) XIV, AaCA1, alkalistable alpha-carbonic anhydrase, alpha carbonic anhydrase, alpha class carbonic anhydrase, alpha-CA, alpha-carbonic anhydrase, alpha-carbonic anhydrase isozyme II, alpha-class carbonic anhydrase, alpha-type CA, alpha-type carbonic anhydrase, alphaCA, alphaCA1, Am CA, AmCA, anhydrase, ASCA, AtCA1, AtCA2, AtCAL1, AtCAL2, B13-CA, BCA II, bCA IV, BCAII, BCAIIGln253Cys, beta carbonic anhydrase, beta-CA, beta-carbonic anhydrase, beta-class carbonic anhydrase, betaCA, betaCA1, BhCA, bovine carbonic anhydrase II, bsCA I, bsCA II, CA, CA 1, CA 3, CA I, CA II, CA III, CA IV, CA IX, CA VA, CA VB, CA VI, CA VII, CA VIII, CA XII, CA XIII, CA XIV, Ca XV, CA-I, CA-II, CA-III, CA-IX, CA-VA, CA-VB, CA-VI, CA-VII, CA-XII, CA-XIV, CA1, CA14x, CA2, CA2 homolog, CA2-like, CA3, CA4, CA5A, CA6, CA9, CAA, CAA1, CAA2, Cab, cab-type beta-class carbonic anhydrase, cadmium carbonic anhydrase, CAH3, CAH7, CAH8, CAI, CAII, CAIII, CAIV, CAIX, Cam, CamH, CaN, Can2, canA, canB, CaNce103, carbonate anhydrase, Carbonate dehydratase, carbonate dehydratase I, carbonate dehydratase III, Carbonate dehydratase IX, Carbonate dehydratase VA, Carbonate dehydratase VB, Carbonate dehydratase VI, Carbonate dehydratase VII, Carbonate dehydratase XII, Carbonate dehydratase XIV, carbonate hydro-lyase, carbonate hydrolase, carbonate hydrolyase, carbonic acid anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase 1, carbonic anhydrase 14, carbonic anhydrase 2, carbonic anhydrase 3, carbonic anhydrase 5A, carbonic anhydrase 6, carbonic anhydrase 9, carbonic anhydrase cambialistic enzyme, carbonic anhydrase I, carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) Michigan 1, carbonic anhydrase II, carbonic anhydrase III, carbonic anhydrase isozyme I, carbonic anhydrase isozyme II, carbonic anhydrase isozyme III, carbonic anhydrase isozyme IV, carbonic anhydrase isozyme IX, carbonic anhydrase IV, carbonic anhydrase IX, carbonic anhydrase type III, carbonic anhydrase V, carbonic anhydrase VA, carbonic anhydrase VI, carbonic anhydrase VII, carbonic anhydrase XII, carbonic anhydrase XIII, carbonic anhydrase XIV, carbonic anhydrase XV, carbonic anhydrase-I, carbonic anhydrase-II, carbonic anhydrase-related protein, carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII, carbonic dehydratase, carboxyanhydrase, CARP, CAS1, CAS2, CasCAc, CasCAg, CAV, CAVA, CAXII, CcaA, CcmM, CDCA1, chloroplast carbonic anhydrase, clCA, CmCA, CO2 hydrase, CO2 hydratase, CPB, CpsCA, CpsCAgamma, CrCAH3, CsoSCA, cynT, CynT2, cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase, Dca, dCA I, dCA II, dCAII, DDCA, dehydratase, carbonate, delta carbonic anhydrase, delta-carbonic anhydrase, delta-class CA, diatom carbonic anhydrase, Dsp-aCAopt sp., dual domain-carbonic anhydrase, dual-domain carbonic anhydrase, DVU_1777, E84A MTCA, eCA, ECCA, erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase, eta-CA, eta-carbonic anhydrase, external carbonic anhydrase, extracellular carbonic anhydrase, FbiCA 1, fCA, gamma carbonic anhydrase 1, gamma carbonic anhydrase 2, gamma carbonic anhydrase-like 1, gamma carbonic anhydrase-like 2, gamma-CA, gamma-CA1, gamma-CA2, gamma-CAL1, gamma-CAL2, gamma-carbonic anhydrase, gamma-class carbonic anhydrase, gammaCA, H216N ATCA, H64A HCA II, HC II, HCA, hCA I, HCA II, hCA III, hCA IV, hCA IX, hCA VA, hCA VB, hCA VI, hCA VII, hCA XII, hCA XIV, hCA XIV catalytic domain, HCA-I, HCA-II, hCAII, HcCA3, HICA, HP1186, hpalphaCA, hpbetaCA, human carbonic anhydrase, human carbonic anhydrase I, human carbonic anhydrase II, human carbonic anhydrase III, human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I, human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II, human carbonic anhydrase IX, human carbonic anhydrase XII, human carbonic anhydrase XIV, Ice-CA, icfA, isozyme CA II, isozyme CA IV, LdcCA, luminal carbonic anhydrase, lwCA, mCA V, mCA XIII, Membrane antigen MN, mesohalophilic carbonic anhydrase, MG-CA, MgaCA, More, mtcA1, mtcA2, MtCam, MTCY373.03, Nce103, NcoCA, NGCA, NstCcmM209, OEC33 protein, P54/58N, pentraxin-CA VI, pentraxin-carbonic anhydrase, PERMA_1443, PF3D7_1140000, PfCAdom, PgiCA, PgiCAb, PGJ_00014320, PhaCAgamma, PhCamH, photosystem II-associated carbonic anhydrase, Pl-can, plant-type (beta-class) carbonic anhydrase, PMCA, pMW1, poly-[Hb-SOD-CAT-CA], polyhemoglobin-superoxide dismutase-catalase-carbonic anhydrase, PtCA1, RCC-associated antigen G250, Renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250, RT erythrocyte CA, Rv1248, Rv1284, Rv3273, Rv3588c, SABP3, Salivary carbonic anhydrase, SazCA, scCA, Secreted carbonic anhydrase, secretory carbonic anhydrase, secretory carbonic anhydrase VI, SspCA, STPCA, STPCA-2, SULAZ_0541, TacA, TCAb, TCAc, TcCA, Tcru, Tcr_1545, Theam_1576, tobacco salicylic acid-binding protein 3, Tumor antigen HOM-RCC-3.1.3, TWCA1, TweCA, VchCA
ECTree
Natural Substrates Products
Natural Substrates Products on EC 4.2.1.1 - carbonic anhydrase
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additional information
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
Halalkalibacterium halodurans
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
Halalkalibacterium halodurans TSLV1
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r
CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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periplasmic alpha-carbonic anhydrase activity of Helicobacter pylori is essential for acid acclimation
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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CO2 + H2O
H2CO3
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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plays a role in various physiological functions, including interconversion between CO2 and HCO3- in intermediary metabolism, facilitated diffusion of CO2, pH homeostasis and ion transport
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
Caminibacter sp.
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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r
H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
Halalkalibacterium halodurans
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
Halalkalibacterium halodurans TSLV1
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
Halalkalibacterium halodurans TSLV1 / MTCC 10961
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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CsoSCA converts HCO3- to CO2 for use in carbon fixation by ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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essential physiological function is to catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and the backreaction, the dehydration of bicarbonate
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
plays a role in the hypersensitive defense response
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
Ovis aries Kangal Akkaraman
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
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H2CO3
CO2 + H2O
A0A2D1CFJ9
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the enzyme might play a key role in maintenance of midgut pH
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the enzyme might play a key role in maintenance of midgut pH
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additional information
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the enzyme might play a key role in maintenance of midgut pH
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additional information
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the enzyme might play a key role in maintenance of midgut pH
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other carbonic anhydrase isoforms than the well-characterized betaCA1 may contribute to the CO2 transfer in the cell to the catalytic site of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
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other carbonic anhydrase isoforms than the well-characterized betaCA1 may contribute to the CO2 transfer in the cell to the catalytic site of ribulose 1ยท5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
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BCA II when incubated under mildly denaturing condition of GdnHCl concentration of 1.5 M and a pH of 3.5 (slightly below its isoelectric point), forms ordered aggregates that are characteristically distinct from amorphous aggregates
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carbonic anhydrase 2 is induced by high CO2 concentration, carbonic anhydrase 1 is induced by low and high CO2 concentration
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the enzyme is induced by low CO2 conditions, the enzyme probably has an important role in adaption of this algal cell to low CO2 conditions. A possible role for the mitochondrial enzyme might be to function as a pH stabilizer to prevent alkalinization of the mitochondrial matrix at the onset of photorespiration. The enzyme could also be involved in the diffusion and transport of inorganic carbon species within the mitochondrial matrix as well as their efflux
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external carbonic anhydrase enables algal cells to utilize HCO3- as inorganic carbon source in case that CO2 is limited externally to the plasma membrane
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inducible by low levels of CO2
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the enzyme shows a significant catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction of CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons
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additional information
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the enzyme shows a significant catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction of CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons
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additional information
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the enzyme shows a significant catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction of CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons
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additional information
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the enzyme might play a key role in maintenance of midgut pH
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additional information
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the enzyme might play a key role in maintenance of midgut pH
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
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carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
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carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
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carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
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carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 1 carries out nonphotosynthetic functions, including lipid biosynthesis and antioxidant activity
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 3 is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the C4 pathway in the mesophyll cell cytosol
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase 2 provides bicarbonate for anapleurotic reactions involving nonphotosynthetic forms of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of cells in both photosynthetic and nongreen tissues
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additional information
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carbonic anhydrase I, II and III are constitutive enzymes
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carbonic anhydrase IV is possibly responsible for HCO3- secretion, the cytoplasmic form of carbonic anhydrase II is believed to play a role in pH regulation near apical ionic channels of the near apical carbonic anhydrase IV
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carbonic anhydrase II increases the activity of the human electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter
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carbonic anhydrase II increases the activity of the human electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter
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extracellular carbonic anhydrase mediates hemorrhagic retinal and cerebral vascular permeability through prekallikrein activation
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extracellular carbonic anhydrase mediates hemorrhagic retinal and cerebral vascular permeability through prekallikrein activation
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that carbonic anhydrase domain in alcyonarian is involved in the calcification process
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the enzyme is involved in various physiological processess such as acid-base balance and transport of CO2 and ions
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the enzyme is involved in various physiological processess such as acid-base balance and transport of CO2 and ions
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carbonic anhydrase IV mediates buffering in the extracellular space in central nervous system
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carbonic anhydrase XIV may facilitate CO2 removal from neural retina and modulate photoreceptor function
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carbonic anhydrase XIV mediates buffering in the extracellular space in central nervous system
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the renal carbonic anhydrase type III plays a role in proximal tubule dysfunction
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additional information
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the enzyme has significant catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction, CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons
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additional information
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the enzyme might play a key role in maintenance of midgut pH
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additional information
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the Na+/H+ antiporter NHE1 is the major exporter of protons by skeletal muscle in recovery from a period of anoxia. It is essential for functioning carbonic anhydrase to be attached to NHE1 to activate it
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rn the erythrocyte, carbonic anhydrase is necessary to facilitate the transport of carbon dioxide out of the body
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the enzyme has a medium-low catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction of CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons
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carbonic anhydrase does not influence the fast contractile kinetics characteristic of the extraocular muscles
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enzyme SazCA is highly active in the CO2 hydration reaction
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enzyme SazCA is highly active in the CO2 hydration reaction
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enzyme SazCA is highly active in the CO2 hydration reaction
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in mortality bioassays, carbonic anhydrase protects Tribolium castaneum from the toxicity of COS but has the opposite effect on COS toxicity. With CS2, carbonic anhydrase has a very minor role, neither facilitating, nor protecting against toxicity
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