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4.2.1.1: carbonic anhydrase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about carbonic anhydrase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 4.2.1.1

Reaction

H2CO3
=
CO2
 +
H2O

Synonyms

(CA) XIV, AaCA1, alkalistable alpha-carbonic anhydrase, alpha carbonic anhydrase, alpha class carbonic anhydrase, alpha-CA, alpha-carbonic anhydrase, alpha-carbonic anhydrase isozyme II, alpha-class carbonic anhydrase, alpha-type CA, alpha-type carbonic anhydrase, alphaCA, alphaCA1, Am CA, AmCA, anhydrase, ASCA, AtCA1, AtCA2, AtCAL1, AtCAL2, B13-CA, BCA II, bCA IV, BCAII, BCAIIGln253Cys, beta carbonic anhydrase, beta-CA, beta-carbonic anhydrase, beta-class carbonic anhydrase, betaCA, betaCA1, BhCA, bovine carbonic anhydrase II, bsCA I, bsCA II, CA, CA 1, CA 3, CA I, CA II, CA III, CA IV, CA IX, CA VA, CA VB, CA VI, CA VII, CA VIII, CA XII, CA XIII, CA XIV, Ca XV, CA-I, CA-II, CA-III, CA-IX, CA-VA, CA-VB, CA-VI, CA-VII, CA-XII, CA-XIV, CA1, CA14x, CA2, CA2 homolog, CA2-like, CA3, CA4, CA5A, CA6, CA9, CAA, CAA1, CAA2, Cab, cab-type beta-class carbonic anhydrase, cadmium carbonic anhydrase, CAH3, CAH7, CAH8, CAI, CAII, CAIII, CAIV, CAIX, Cam, CamH, CaN, Can2, canA, canB, CaNce103, carbonate anhydrase, Carbonate dehydratase, carbonate dehydratase I, carbonate dehydratase III, Carbonate dehydratase IX, Carbonate dehydratase VA, Carbonate dehydratase VB, Carbonate dehydratase VI, Carbonate dehydratase VII, Carbonate dehydratase XII, Carbonate dehydratase XIV, carbonate hydro-lyase, carbonate hydrolase, carbonate hydrolyase, carbonic acid anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase 1, carbonic anhydrase 14, carbonic anhydrase 2, carbonic anhydrase 3, carbonic anhydrase 5A, carbonic anhydrase 6, carbonic anhydrase 9, carbonic anhydrase cambialistic enzyme, carbonic anhydrase I, carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) Michigan 1, carbonic anhydrase II, carbonic anhydrase III, carbonic anhydrase isozyme I, carbonic anhydrase isozyme II, carbonic anhydrase isozyme III, carbonic anhydrase isozyme IV, carbonic anhydrase isozyme IX, carbonic anhydrase IV, carbonic anhydrase IX, carbonic anhydrase type III, carbonic anhydrase V, carbonic anhydrase VA, carbonic anhydrase VI, carbonic anhydrase VII, carbonic anhydrase XII, carbonic anhydrase XIII, carbonic anhydrase XIV, carbonic anhydrase XV, carbonic anhydrase-I, carbonic anhydrase-II, carbonic anhydrase-related protein, carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII, carbonic dehydratase, carboxyanhydrase, CARP, CAS1, CAS2, CasCAc, CasCAg, CAV, CAVA, CAXII, CcaA, CcmM, CDCA1, chloroplast carbonic anhydrase, clCA, CmCA, CO2 hydrase, CO2 hydratase, CPB, CpsCA, CpsCAgamma, CrCAH3, CsoSCA, cynT, CynT2, cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase, Dca, dCA I, dCA II, dCAII, DDCA, dehydratase, carbonate, delta carbonic anhydrase, delta-carbonic anhydrase, delta-class CA, diatom carbonic anhydrase, Dsp-aCAopt sp., dual domain-carbonic anhydrase, dual-domain carbonic anhydrase, DVU_1777, E84A MTCA, eCA, ECCA, erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase, eta-CA, eta-carbonic anhydrase, external carbonic anhydrase, extracellular carbonic anhydrase, FbiCA 1, fCA, gamma carbonic anhydrase 1, gamma carbonic anhydrase 2, gamma carbonic anhydrase-like 1, gamma carbonic anhydrase-like 2, gamma-CA, gamma-CA1, gamma-CA2, gamma-CAL1, gamma-CAL2, gamma-carbonic anhydrase, gamma-class carbonic anhydrase, gammaCA, H216N ATCA, H64A HCA II, HC II, HCA, hCA I, HCA II, hCA III, hCA IV, hCA IX, hCA VA, hCA VB, hCA VI, hCA VII, hCA XII, hCA XIV, hCA XIV catalytic domain, HCA-I, HCA-II, hCAII, HcCA3, HICA, HP1186, hpalphaCA, hpbetaCA, human carbonic anhydrase, human carbonic anhydrase I, human carbonic anhydrase II, human carbonic anhydrase III, human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I, human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II, human carbonic anhydrase IX, human carbonic anhydrase XII, human carbonic anhydrase XIV, Ice-CA, icfA, isozyme CA II, isozyme CA IV, LdcCA, luminal carbonic anhydrase, lwCA, mCA V, mCA XIII, Membrane antigen MN, mesohalophilic carbonic anhydrase, MG-CA, MgaCA, More, mtcA1, mtcA2, MtCam, MTCY373.03, Nce103, NcoCA, NGCA, NstCcmM209, OEC33 protein, P54/58N, pentraxin-CA VI, pentraxin-carbonic anhydrase, PERMA_1443, PF3D7_1140000, PfCAdom, PgiCA, PgiCAb, PGJ_00014320, PhaCAgamma, PhCamH, photosystem II-associated carbonic anhydrase, Pl-can, plant-type (beta-class) carbonic anhydrase, PMCA, pMW1, poly-[Hb-SOD-CAT-CA], polyhemoglobin-superoxide dismutase-catalase-carbonic anhydrase, PtCA1, RCC-associated antigen G250, Renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250, RT erythrocyte CA, Rv1248, Rv1284, Rv3273, Rv3588c, SABP3, Salivary carbonic anhydrase, SazCA, scCA, Secreted carbonic anhydrase, secretory carbonic anhydrase, secretory carbonic anhydrase VI, SspCA, STPCA, STPCA-2, SULAZ_0541, TacA, TCAb, TCAc, TcCA, Tcru, Tcr_1545, Theam_1576, tobacco salicylic acid-binding protein 3, Tumor antigen HOM-RCC-3.1.3, TWCA1, TweCA, VchCA

ECTree

     4 Lyases
         4.2 Carbon-oxygen lyases
             4.2.1 Hydro-lyases
                4.2.1.1 carbonic anhydrase

Activating Compound

Activating Compound on EC 4.2.1.1 - carbonic anhydrase

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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N'-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfonyl)propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N'-[(4-iodophenyl)sulfonyl]propanehydrazide hydrochloride
submicromolar activator of isoform CA II, but shows much higher affinities for isoforms CA I and IX
(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N'-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N'-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]propanehydrazide hydrochloride
effective CA IX activator
(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N'-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]propanehydrazide hydrochloride
effective CA IX activator
(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N'-[(pentafluorophenyl)sulfonyl]propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N'-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonyl]propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
(2S)-2-amino-N'-(biphenyl-4-ylsulfonyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
(2S)-2-amino-N'-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide hydrochloride
effective CA IX activator
(2S)-2-amino-N'-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
(2S)-2-amino-N'-[(4-cyanophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
(2S)-2-amino-N'-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide hydrochloride
effective CA IX activator
(2S)-2-amino-N'-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanehydrazide hydrochloride
-
1-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,3,4,6-tetramethylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,4-dimethyl-6-phenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-di-iso-propyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-di-iso-propyl-4-phenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-di-n-butyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-di-n-butyl-4-phenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-di-n-propyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-di-n-propyl-4-phenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-diethyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-diethyl-4-phenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-(nonane-1,9-diyl)pyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,6-diphenyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-4,6-dimethylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-4,6-diphenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-iso-propyl-4,6-dimethylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-iso-propyl-4,6-diphenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-methyl-4,6-diphenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-n-butyl -4,6 -dimethylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-n-butyl-4,6-diphenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-n-propyl-4,6-dimethylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2-n-propyl-4,6-diphenylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
2-(2,5-dibromo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine
-
-
2-(2,5-dichloro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine
-
-
2-(2,5-diiodo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine
-
-
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine
2-(5-bromo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine
-
-
2-(5-chloro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine
-
-
2-(5-iodo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine
-
-
2-mercaptoethanol
-
increases the activity of isozyme CAH7 by 69% but has no effect on the activity of isozyme CAH8
2-pyridyl-methylamine
2-pyridylmethylamine
4-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine
4-amino-L-phenylalanine
4-methylimidazole
enzyme bound structure, PDB ID 4HEY
4-[2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-vinyl]-1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-2,6-di-isopropylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate
-
-
acetazolamide
-
increases carbonic anhydrase activity of photosystem 2 membranes at concentrations lower than 0.001 mM and suppresses this activity only at higher concentrations. Carbonic anhydrase activity of photosystem 1 membranes is suppressed
air
the enzyme loses activity when it was exposed to air
-
aminoethyl-piperazine/morpholine
-
carbonic anhydrase III is efficiently activated by aminoethyl-piperazine/morpholine
-
Br-
-
below 20 mM, activates
CAA12i
carbonic anhydrase activator 12i, enzyme binding structure determination and analysis, the location of the imidazole moiety in both conformations of CAA12i flips between two small hydrophobic cavities flanking Phe131. This movement may be analogous to the movement observed with His64 as it performs its proton-shuttling function. Conformation A may represent the in conformation of His64, as this position forms an extension of the proton wire network. In conformation B, the CAA12i tail moiety is extended away from the proton network, and this may be analogous to the out conformation of His64. Overall, the crystal structure of this CAA12i ligand indicates possible transient motion that may be essential to its activation function
Cl-
-
below 20 mM, activates
D-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
D-Dopa
D-His
D-Phe
D-Trp
D-Tyr
-
best activator, activation constant of 0.0071 mM
Diamide
-
-
dopamine
H2O2
the enzyme loses activity when it was exposed to 3% H2O2
histamine
histidine
enzyme bound structure, PDB ID 2ABE
HPO42-
-
activates
imidazole
addition of 50 mM imidazole to the assay buffer increases the kcat of the enzyme more than 4fold
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
L-adrenaline
L-Dopa
L-His
L-Phe
L-Trp
L-Tyr
N2
-
increases the growth rate of the cells and the enzyme activity
phenylalanine
enzyme bound structure, PDB ID 2FMG
phosphate
-
below 20 mM, activates
Phosphorus
-
increases the growth rate of the cells and the enzyme activity
Reducing agent
-
required
-
serotonin
SO32-
-
activates
tert-butyl [2-(2,5-dibromo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]carbamate
-
-
tert-butyl [2-(2,5-dichloro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]carbamate
-
-
tert-butyl [2-(2,5-diiodo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]carbamate
-
-
tert-butyl [2-(5-bromo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]carbamate
-
-
tert-butyl [2-(5-chloro-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]carbamate
-
-
tert-butyl [2-(5-iodo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]carbamate
-
-
timolol
-
the formal name is (2S)-1-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-3-[[4-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy]-2-propanol, timolol noncompetitively activates carbonic anhydrases I and II activities, timolol increases the value of Vmax but does not influence the value of Km
additional information
-