4.1.1.15: glutamate decarboxylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutamate decarboxylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.1.1.15
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4.1.1.15
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gabaergic
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gamma-aminobutyric
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autoimmune
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autoantibody
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islet
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mellitus
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neurotransmitter
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synaptic
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hippocampus
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interneurons
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cortical
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autoantigens
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choline
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excitatory
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dorsal
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striatum
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insulin-dependent
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ventral
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seizure
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parvalbumin
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epilepsy
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beta-cell
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cholinergic
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glutamatergic
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synapses
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medial
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neurotransmission
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neurochemical
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substantia
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afferent
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postsynaptic
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c-peptide
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somata
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chat
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presynaptic
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antibody-positive
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autoreactive
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ketoacidosis
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bicuculline
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gaba-transaminase
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colliculus
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preoptic
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gaba-t
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calretinin
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rostral
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muscimol
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boutons
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reelin
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calbindin
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analysis
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synthesis
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pharmacology
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nutrition
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medicine
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food industry
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diagnostics
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glycinergic
- 4.1.1.15
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gabaergic
-
gamma-aminobutyric
- autoimmune
- autoantibody
- islet
- mellitus
-
neurotransmitter
- synaptic
- hippocampus
-
interneurons
- cortical
- autoantigens
- choline
-
excitatory
-
dorsal
- striatum
-
insulin-dependent
-
ventral
- seizure
- parvalbumin
- epilepsy
- beta-cell
-
cholinergic
-
glutamatergic
- synapses
-
medial
-
neurotransmission
-
neurochemical
-
substantia
-
afferent
-
postsynaptic
- c-peptide
-
somata
-
chat
-
presynaptic
-
antibody-positive
-
autoreactive
- ketoacidosis
- bicuculline
- gaba-transaminase
- colliculus
-
preoptic
- gaba-t
-
calretinin
-
rostral
- muscimol
-
boutons
- reelin
- calbindin
- analysis
- synthesis
- pharmacology
- nutrition
- medicine
- food industry
- diagnostics
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glycinergic
Reaction
Synonyms
42 kDa biotin-coupled protein, 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, Aspartate 1-decarboxylase, Aspartic alpha-decarboxylase, AtGAD1, BmGAD, BmGadB, BMI_II334, Cysteic acid decarboxylase, Decarboxylase, glutamate, ERT D1, GAD, GAD B, GAD-65, GAD-67, GAD-alpha, GAD-beta, GAD-gamma, GAD1, GAD2, GAD3, Gad56, GAD65, GAD67, GadA, GadB, GADB1, gadB2, GADbeta, GADCase, gadlbhye1, gamma-Glutamate decarboxylase, GDC, GDCase, Glt decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase 1, glutamate decarboxylase 65, glutamate decarboxylase 67, glutamate decarboxylase A, glutamate decarboxylase B, Glutamic acid decarboxylase, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, glutamic acid decarboxylase-67, glutamic acid decarboxylase67, Glutamic decarboxylase, hGAD65, hGAD67, L-Aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase, L-glutamate 1-carboxylyase, L-Glutamate alpha-decarboxylase, L-Glutamate decarboxylase, L-glutamate decarboxylase 65, L-glutamate decarboxylase 67, L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase, L-Glutamic decarboxylase, LbGAD, LbGadB, MGAD, More, p42, PF1159, PfGAD, ScGAD, sll1641
ECTree
4.1.1.15 glutamate decarboxylaseAdvanced search results
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results (Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 4.1.1.15 - glutamate decarboxylase
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SOURCE TISSUE 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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intraperitoneal treatment with gamma-aminobutanaote B agonist baclofen reduces mRNA levels of isoform GAD67 approximately 2fold and gamma-aminobutanaote transaminase approximately 2fold
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isoform GAD65, mainly in middle and upper portions of villi, GAD65 is not found in goblet cells, and GAD67 is not detected in jejunum at all
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mononuclear leukocyte, isoform GAD65 is expressed with its C-terminal end truncated
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of the hypothalamus, isoform GAD65 is significantly more abundant than isoform GAD67
additional information
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immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region at various age stages, in 1-year-old dogs in the stratum oriens, in 6-year-old dogs in the CA1 region, but scarcely found in the CA1 region in 10-year-old dogs
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determination of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region at various ages of dogs using glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), which is a rate-limiting enzyme for GABA synthesis, and extent of alterations in number and function of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus as a function of age, overview. GAD67 immunoreactive neurons in 1-year-old dogs are mainly detected in the stratum oriens. In the 6-year-old group, GAD67 immunoreactive neurons are evenly distributed in the CA1 region, and numbers of the neurons are highest among all experimental groups. Thereafter, GAD67 immunoreactive neurons are significantly decreased region with age: GAD67 immunoreactive neurons are scarcely found in the CA1 region in 10-year-old dogs. GAD67 immunoreactive neurons in the dog CA1 region are markedly decreased in the strata pyramidale and radiatum in aged dogs, overview
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enzyme transcripts are detected largely in medial and ventral regions of telencephalon, nucleus preopticus, nucelus recessus lateralis of the hypothalamus, and Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. GABA-transamainase activity is significanlty higher than total glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the brain
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areas implicated in agression control including anterior hypothalamus, medial and central amygdaloid nuclei, lateral septum
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anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal brain cortex
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cerebrospinal fluid elicits physiopathological effects on cerebellar GABA synapses in vitro, cerebrospinal fluid IgG-induced depressive effects are abolished by absorption of GAD-antibodies using recombinant GAD. Furthermore, forskolin, an activator of cAMP, recovers the cerebrospinal fluid IgG-induced reduction of GABA release
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germination of conidia in the submerged culture leads to temporary decrease in GAD activity. After prolonged cultivation, the activity displays quasi-oscillatory changes. High activity in the stationary phase
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glutamic acid decarboxylase in E18 embryonic hippocampal neurons
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the enzyme activity is higher in hippocampus of old rats compared to young rats
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the renal enzyme differs from the brain and pancreatic enzyme by its strong binding to membranes that is not influenced by detergents
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including brain and ventral nerve cords, distribution pattern of GAD protein and mRNA, dotted expression pattern, a few cells located in both the head and pharynx regions express DjGAD mRNA, overview
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including brain and ventral nerve cords, distribution pattern of GAD protein and mRNA, dotted expression pattern, a few cells located in both the head and pharynx regions express DjGAD mRNA, overview
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DjGAD-immunopositive neurons in the anterior region, distribution pattern of GAD protein and mRNA, dotted expression pattern, a few cells located in both the head and pharynx regions express DjGAD mRNA, overview
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DjGAD-immunopositive neurons in the anterior region, distribution pattern of GAD protein and mRNA, dotted expression pattern, a few cells located in both the head and pharynx regions express DjGAD mRNA, overview
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in lateral reticular nucleus of thalamus, co-localization of glutamate decarboxylase and phosphate-activiated glutaminase within most neuronal cell bodies
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GABAergic neurons, non-pyramidal cells of types A-C, and principal cells
mainly in root of seedling grown under phosphorous deprivation conditions
germinating seed, GAD1 protein is observed in seeds of various states such as developing, matured and soaking
mainly in root of seedling grown under phosphorous deprivation conditions
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intraperitoneal treatment with gamma-aminobutanaote A agonist muscimol decreases mRNA of isoform GAD65 approximately 10fold, gamma-aminobutanaote transaminase approximately 15fold and tyrosine hydroxylase approximately 3fold
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the 58-kDa GAD65, N-terminal 69 amino acids truncated form of full-length GAD65 protein, is developmentally expressed during post-natal testis maturation
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lateral reticular nucleus of thalamus, co-localization of glutamate decarboxylase and phosphate-activiated glutaminase within most neuronal cell bodies
additional information
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immunohistochemic analysis of isozyme distributions, overview
additional information
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optimization of enzyme and 4-aminobutanoate production by recombinant enzyme heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli strain W3110, glucose medium without the addition of glutamate, addition of 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enhances the production of 4-aminobutanoate, whereas Tween 40 is unnecessary for the fermentation productivity, different cultivation methods, overview
additional information
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optimization of enzyme and 4-aminobutanoate production by recombinant enzyme heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli strain W3110, glucose medium without the addition of glutamate, addition of 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enhances the production of 4-aminobutanoate, whereas Tween 40 is unnecessary for the fermentation productivity, different cultivation methods, overview
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additional information
strain M5 produces 18.47 mg/ml GABA when incubated for 48 h at 37°C in MRS broth with 3% w/v monosodium L-glutamate. Strain M5 secretes a lot of GABA when grown on MRS medium with monosodium L-glutamate
additional information
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strain M5 produces 18.47 mg/ml GABA when incubated for 48 h at 37°C in MRS broth with 3% w/v monosodium L-glutamate. Strain M5 secretes a lot of GABA when grown on MRS medium with monosodium L-glutamate
additional information
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strain M5 produces 18.47 mg/ml GABA when incubated for 48 h at 37°C in MRS broth with 3% w/v monosodium L-glutamate. Strain M5 secretes a lot of GABA when grown on MRS medium with monosodium L-glutamate
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additional information
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quantitative immunohistochemic analysis GAD-immunoreactive neuropils of GAD65 and GAD67 isozymes in brains of depressed and healthy individuals, overview
additional information
strain 877G, isolated from traditional Korean fermented food kimchi, shows very high gamma-aminobutanoate production
additional information
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strain 877G, isolated from traditional Korean fermented food kimchi, shows very high gamma-aminobutanoate production
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additional information
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spleen from Dasypus novemcinctus infected with Mycobacterium leprae
additional information
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GAD65, GAD67, PPD and vGAT mRNA levels in the striatum and GABAA receptor alpha1 subunit mRNA levels in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, and striatum in rats with single or subchroninc application of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion, overview
additional information
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GAD67 tissue expression pattern in exercised and nonexercised rats, overview
