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4.1.1.15: glutamate decarboxylase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutamate decarboxylase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 4.1.1.15

Reaction

L-glutamate
=
4-aminobutanoate
 +
CO2

Synonyms

42 kDa biotin-coupled protein, 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, Aspartate 1-decarboxylase, Aspartic alpha-decarboxylase, AtGAD1, BmGAD, BmGadB, BMI_II334, Cysteic acid decarboxylase, Decarboxylase, glutamate, ERT D1, GAD, GAD B, GAD-65, GAD-67, GAD-alpha, GAD-beta, GAD-gamma, GAD1, GAD2, GAD3, Gad56, GAD65, GAD67, GadA, GadB, GADB1, gadB2, GADbeta, GADCase, gadlbhye1, gamma-Glutamate decarboxylase, GDC, GDCase, Glt decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase 1, glutamate decarboxylase 65, glutamate decarboxylase 67, glutamate decarboxylase A, glutamate decarboxylase B, Glutamic acid decarboxylase, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, glutamic acid decarboxylase-67, glutamic acid decarboxylase67, Glutamic decarboxylase, hGAD65, hGAD67, L-Aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase, L-glutamate 1-carboxylyase, L-Glutamate alpha-decarboxylase, L-Glutamate decarboxylase, L-glutamate decarboxylase 65, L-glutamate decarboxylase 67, L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase, L-Glutamic decarboxylase, LbGAD, LbGadB, MGAD, More, p42, PF1159, PfGAD, ScGAD, sll1641

ECTree

     4 Lyases
         4.1 Carbon-carbon lyases
             4.1.1 Carboxy-lyases
                4.1.1.15 glutamate decarboxylase

Inhibitors

Inhibitors on EC 4.1.1.15 - glutamate decarboxylase

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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(4Z,7E)-N,N'-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-4,7-diimine
(5Z)-2-amino-5-(2-nitrobenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
(E)-pent-2-enoic acid
-
20% inhibition at 0.01 mg/ml
(NH4)2SO4
92% inhibition at 2 mM
1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetylpentopyranoside
1-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde
1-Methylimidazole
-
about 85% residual activity at 5 mM, about 77% residual activity at 10 mM, about 65% residual activity at 20 mM
10H-indeno[2,1-e]tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazin-10-one
2,4-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol
2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid
-
-
2-(benzylsulfanyl)-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione
2-chloro-N-[5-([2-oxo-2-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)amino]ethyl]sulfanyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide
2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione
2-mercaptoethanol
2-Methyl-3,4-didehydroglutamic acid
-
-
2-oxoglutarate
2-thioxo-3-[(E)-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)amino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
2-[(2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoyl)amino]-5-iodobenzoic acid
2-[(3-formyl-1H-indol-1-yl)methyl]benzonitrile
3,3'-(4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole)
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
-
-
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
3-Bromopyruvate
-
-
3-Hydroxytyramine
-
-
3-Mercaptopropionic acid
3-[(2E)-2-[1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl]benzoic acid
3-[(E)-(2,6-difluorobenzylidene)amino]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
3-[(E)-(4-methoxybenzylidene)amino]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
4'-deoxypyridoxine-5'-phosphate
-
about 60% inhibition of GAD65 at 3.5 mM, GAD67 is hardly affected
4'-O-methylpyridoxine-5'-phosphate
-
decreases activity of GAD65 in unphysiologically high concentrations, about 60% inhibition at 3.5 mM. GAD67 activity is hardly affected
4,4'-(phenylmethanediyl)bis[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one]
4,4'-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanediyl]bis(2-heptyl-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one)
4,5-Dihydroxyisophthalic acid
4-(morpholin-4-yl)naphthalene-1,2-dione
4-(piperidin-1-yl)naphthalene-1,2-dione
4-aminobutanoate
-
-
4-Aminohex-5-ynoic acid
-
-
4-bromoisophthalic acid
4-methylimidazole
-
about 75% residual activity at 5 mM, about 70% residual activity at 10 mM, about 58% residual activity at 20 mM
4-nitro-1,6-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:3,4-d']bis[1,2,3]triazole
4-nitro-7-[[(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl]-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
4-[(1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)sulfanyl]butanoic acid
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)
5,6-dichloro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diol
5-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-6-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
5-[(E)-[[1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one
5-[[5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methylidene]-1,3-diphenyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
6,11-dioxo-5a,6,11,11a-tetrahydronaphtho[2',3':4,5][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-12-ium
9H-indeno[1,2-b][1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazin-9-one
acetate
-
-
Ag+
58.3% residual activity at 2 mM
AgNO3
Al3+
91.2% residual activity at 2 mM
allylglycine
Aminoethylylisothiouronium bromide
-
-
aminooxyacetic acid
-
-
Aminoxyacetate
-
asiaticoside
-
-
ATP
-
in presence of leupeptin in freshly prepared homogenates. Inhibition of enzyme from homogenates stored without Triton X-100 for 24 h at 4°C
Avidin
-
-
-
BaCl2
-
1 mM, 78% inhibition
beta-Methylene-DL-Asp
-
-
betulinic acid
bilobalide
-
-
biphenyl-3,3'-dicarbaldehyde
CaCl2
Carbohydrazide
-
-
carboxymethoxylamine
CdCl2
-
1 mM, 38% inhibition
CH3COOH
57.4% residual activity at 2 mM
Chelidamic acid
Chelidonic acid
Chloroacetamide
-
no inhibition at pH 4.6, marked inhibition at pH 6.0 or higher
Co2+
-
about 70% inhibition of at 5 mM
CoCl2
CuCl2
CuSO4
Cycloglutamates
-
-
-
cyclosporin A
-
up to 0.3 mM, partial inhibition of activity in homogenate, but not in the supernatant obtained after centrifuging the homogenate
Cys
-
enzyme from embryos
D-erythro-4-fluoroglutamate
-
-
D-Glu
dithiothreitol
DL-4-Amino-4-phosphonobutyrate
-
-
DL-alpha-Aminoadipic acid
-
-
DL-alpha-Methylglutamate
-
-
DL-Penicillamine
FeCl3
-
1 mM, 65% inhibition
FeSO4
ginsenosides
-
23% inhibition at 0.01 mg/ml, ethanol extract of Panax quinquefolius, different glycoside derivatives, overview
-
Glutamate gamma-hydroxamate
-
weak
Glutarate
glutathione
-
-
HgCl2
hydroxylamine
-
-
isoniazide
isoniazide-induced seizures are mediated primarily through competition with the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate resulting in the inhibition of GAD activity
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide
-
-
isophthalic acid
KCl
5.8% inhibition at 5 mM; 94.2% remaining activity at 5 mM
L-Asn
-
inhibits 4% at 1 mM
L-Asp
-
inhibits 20% at 1 mM
L-aspartate beta-hydroxamate
-
weak
L-cysteine
-
L-Cysteine hydrochloride
-
-
L-cysteine sulfinic acid
-
-
L-erythro-4-fluoroglutamate
-
-
L-Glu
L-Thiomalic acid
-
-
LiCl
6.1% inhibition at 5 mM; 93.9% remaining activity at 5 mM
malate
-
weak
Mercaptosuccinic acid
methyl 2-amino-3-oxo-3H-phenothiazine-1-carboxylate
methyl 2-[[(2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino]benzoate
MgCl2
Mn2+
92.6% residual activity at 2 mM
MnSO4
N-(2-hydroxy-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)benzamide
N-[4,7-dioxo-6-(phenylamino)-4,7-dihydro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl]acetamide
N-[4,7-dioxo-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-4,7-dihydro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl]acetamide
Na2SO4
naphtho[2',3':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6,11-dione
oxaloacetate
-
-
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate
Pb(CH3COO)2
-
1 mM, 37% inhibition
PCMB
-
0.1 mM, 68.5% inhibition at pH 4.6, irreversible
Phenylglyoxal
-
-
reduced glutathione
-
enzyme from embryos
Semicarbazide
-
-
Substituted dicarboxylic acids
-
-
-
Thiocarbohydrazide
-
-
Thioglycollic acid
-
-
Thiomalate
-
-
Thiosemicarbazide
-
-
ursolic acid
valerenic acid
Zinc acetate
-
-
ZnCl2
ZnSO4
[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)oxy]acetic acid
additional information
-