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Information on EC 6.2.1.1 - acetate-CoA ligase
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6.2.1.1 acetate-CoA ligaseIUBMB Comments
Also acts on propanoate and propenoate.
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Word Map
- 6.2.1.1
- synthetases
- peroxisomal
- palmitate
- acyltransferase
- cholesterol
- phospholipid
- triglyceride
-
beta-oxidation
- citrate
-
arachidonic
- carnitine
-
medium-chain
- triacylglycerols
- triacsin
- palmitoyl-coa
-
oleic
-
lipogenesis
- glyoxylate
-
6.2.1.3
- oleate
-
acsls
-
hypolipidemic
-
codhs
-
acetogenic
- propionyl-coa
- fadd
- phosphotransacetylase
-
wood-ljungdahl
-
atp-citrate
- oleoyl-coa
-
glucose-limited
-
arachnoid
- sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
- coash
-
moorella
-
1-14cacetate
- corrinoid
-
fatps
- thermoaceticum
- arachidonoyl-coa
- acetoacetyl-coa
-
very-long-chain
- adrenoleukodystrophy
-
reacylation
-
vlcfas
-
extradural
- butyryl-coa
-
alpha2beta2
- myristoyl-coa
- acaca
- medicine
- analysis
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
acyl-coa synthetase, acetyl-coa synthetase, acss2, acetyl-coa synthase, acetyl coa synthetase, acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase, codh/acs, acecs2, acetyl coenzyme a synthetase, seacs, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
ACAS
AceCS
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-
-
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AceCS1
AceCS2
Acetate thiokinase
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-
-
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Acetate--CoA ligase
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-
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acetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Acetic thiokinase
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-
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Acetyl activating enzyme
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-
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Acetyl CoA ligase
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-
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Acetyl CoA synthase
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-
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acetyl CoA synthetase
Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase
Acetyl-CoA synthase
Acetyl-CoA synthetase
acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthase
acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase
ACS
ACS1
Acs1p
ACS2
Acs2p
acsA1
AcsA2
AcsA3
ACSS2
Acyl-activating enzyme
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-
-
-
Acyl-CoA synthetase
adenosine monophosphate-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase
AMP-dependent ACS
AMP-forming acetyl coenzyme A synthetase
AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase
AMP-forming CoA ligase
carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acety-coenzyme A synthase
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bifunctional enzyme
MT-ACS1
Mthe_1194
SeAcs
Short chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase
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-
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Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase
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Synthetase, acetyl coenzyme A
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additional information
Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase
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Acetyl-CoA synthase
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Acetyl-CoA synthetase
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Acetyl-coenzyme A synthase
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ACS
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adenosine monophosphate-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase
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additional information
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acetyl-CoA synthase is a subunit of the bifunctional CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, CODH/ACS, complex
additional information
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ACD belongs to the protein superfamily of nucleoside diphosphate-forming acyl-CoA synthetases
additional information
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acetyl-CoA synthetase belongs to the superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes, whose three-dimensional structures are analogous to one another
additional information
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Acs is a member of the broadly distributed AMP-forming acyl-CoA synthetase family of enzymes
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
ordered bi uni uni bi ping-pong mechanism with ordered substrate addition and release
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ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
reaction mechanism involving ([Fe4S4]2+ Nip2+ Nid2+) cluster
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ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
the ACD reaction follows a four-step mechanism including transient phosphorylation of two active site histidine residues, structure and reaction mechanism of ACD
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ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Acid-thiol ligation
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-
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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, , acetate fermentation, Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, lipid metabolism, Pyruvate metabolism
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
Also acts on propanoate and propenoate.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9012-31-1
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + 2-methylvalerate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylvaleryl-CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + 3-bromopropanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-bromopropanoyl-CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + 3-chloropropanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-chloropropanoyl-CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + 3-methylvalerate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 3-methylvaleryl-CoA
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mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme
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-
?
ATP + 4-methylvalerate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylvaleryl-CoA
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mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + formate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + formyl-CoA
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27% of the activity with acetate
-
-
?
ATP + heptanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + heptanoyl-CoA
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mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme
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-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
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28% of the activity with acetate
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-
?
ATP + methacrylic acid + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + methacryloyl-CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA
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mutant enzyme W416G catalyzes the reaction, no activity with wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + pentanoate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + pentanoyl-CoA
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6.7% of the activity relative to acetate
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-
?
ATP + potassium acetate + CoA
AMP + acetyl-CoA + potassium diphosphate
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-
-
?
CheY + acetyl-CoA + ATP
acetyl-CheY + CoA + AMP + diphosphate
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CheY is the the excitatory response regulator in the chemotaxis system of Escherichia coli, acetyl-CoA synthetase-catalyzed transfer of acetyl groups from acetate to CheY and autocatalyzed transfer from AcCoA, mechanism, overview
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-
?
ADP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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20% of the activity relative to ATP
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-
?
ADP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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37% of the activity relative to ATP
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
?
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enzyme plays an important role in the oxidative part of the aceticlastic reaction
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
?
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enzyme form Acs1p is primarily responsible for acetate activation during gluconeogenic growth. Enzyme form Acs2p is likely to be the major producer of cytosolic acetyl-CoA
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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highly specific for ATP
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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gene acs encoding the enzyme is regulated by quorum sensing, and acs regulation plays a role in symbiosis, overview
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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no relationship between the enzyme level and the capacity of the plants to incorporate CO2 into labeled fatty acids. Very limited role of the enzyme in the biosynthesis of lipids
-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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acetate-CoA ligase is a key enzyme for conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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AF-ACS2 has 2.3fold higher affinity and catalytic efficiency with acetate than with propionate. Enzyme shows a strong preference for ATP versus CTP, GTP, TTP, UTP, ITP or ADP, for which less than 5% activity is observed
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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neither glutathione nor pantetheine can substitute for CoA as acyl acceptor
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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enzyme is involved in pathway of acetate activation. Cells induce acs transcription, and thus the ability to assimilate acetate, in response to rising cAMP levels, falling oxygen partial pressure, and the flux of carbon through pathways associated with acetate metabolism
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
the enzyme activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. The acetyl-CoA synthetase mRNA, and hence the ability of cells to activate acetate, is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in parallel with fatty acid synthesis in animal cells
-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
AceCS2 is reversibly acetylated at Lys642 in the active site of the enzyme. A mammalian sirtuin directly controls the activity of a metabolic enzyme by means of reversible lysine acetylation
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
acetate-CoA ligase is a key enzyme for conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
MT-ACS1 is limited to acetate and propionate as acyl substrates. MT-ACS1 has nearly 11fold higher affinity and 14fold higher catalytic efficiency with acetate than with propionate. Enzyme shows a strong preference for ATP versus CTP, GTP, TTP, UTP, ITP or ADP, for which less than 5% activity is observed
-
-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
important role for motif III (498YTAGD502) in catalysis. The highly conserved Tyr in the first position may play a key role in active-site architecture through interaction with a highly conserved active-site Gln. The invariant Asp in the fifth position plays a critical role in ATP binding and catalysis through interaction with the 2'- and 3'-OH groups of the ribose moiety of ATP
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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ATP in form of MgATP2-
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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ATP in form of MgATP2-
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
activation of acetate in energy metabolism
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
activity with propionate is 1% compared to the reactivity with acetate. Butyrate does not serve as a substrate
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
activation of acetate in energy metabolism
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
activity with propionate is 1% compared to the reactivity with acetate. Butyrate does not serve as a substrate
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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the bifunctional enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-coenzyme A synthase is a key enzyme in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of carbon fixation
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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proposed mechanism of the bifunctional enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-coenzyme A synthase
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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the ACS reaction is catalyzed at the alpha-subunit A-cluster, an [Fe4S4] cubane bridged to a dinickel [NipNid] subcomponent, overview
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-
?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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reaction of acetylated ACS with CoA and Fd-II, a step of the catalytic cycle in which the acetylated ACS reacts with CoA to form acetyl-CoA
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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lipogenic enzyme, gene is highly induced by SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c and SREBP-2. The enzyme might also play an important role in basic cellular energy metabolism
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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specific for acetate, no activity with other short-chain fatty acids
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
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-
-
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA synthetase from Pseudomonas putida U is the only acyl-CoA activating enzyme induced by acetate in this bacterium
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-
?