3.2.1.1: alpha-amylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about alpha-amylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.2.1.1
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3.2.1.1
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cortisol
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wheat
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aspergillus
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maltose
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pancreas
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glycogen
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oryzae
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granule
-
lipase
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alpha-glucosidase
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acid-schiff
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flour
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glucoamylase
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amylolytic
-
amylose
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aleurone
-
grain
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sympathetic
-
social
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parotid
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cereal
-
acarbose
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amyloliquefaciens
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psychological
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anxiety
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amylopectin
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beta-amylase
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stearothermophilus
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honey
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gibberellic
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endosperm
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phaseolus
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psychosocial
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bread
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hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
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alcian
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bake
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cyclodextrins
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dextrin
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amyloglucosidase
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pas-positive
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transglycosylation
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baking
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pullulanase
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debranching
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dough
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isoamylase
-
awakening
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eclosion
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pullulan
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brewing
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nutrition
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synthesis
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biotechnology
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pharmacology
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analysis
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medicine
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industry
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food industry
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energy production
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biofuel production
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detergent
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agriculture
- 3.2.1.1
- cortisol
- wheat
- aspergillus
- maltose
- pancreas
- glycogen
- oryzae
- granule
- lipase
- alpha-glucosidase
-
acid-schiff
- flour
- glucoamylase
-
amylolytic
- amylose
- aleurone
- grain
-
sympathetic
-
social
- parotid
- cereal
- acarbose
- amyloliquefaciens
-
psychological
-
anxiety
- amylopectin
- beta-amylase
- stearothermophilus
- honey
-
gibberellic
- endosperm
- phaseolus
-
psychosocial
-
bread
-
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
-
alcian
-
bake
- cyclodextrins
- dextrin
- amyloglucosidase
-
pas-positive
-
transglycosylation
-
baking
- pullulanase
-
debranching
-
dough
- isoamylase
- awakening
-
eclosion
- pullulan
- brewing
- nutrition
- synthesis
- biotechnology
- pharmacology
- analysis
- medicine
- industry
- food industry
- energy production
- biofuel production
- detergent
- agriculture
Reaction
Synonyms
1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase and endoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase, ABA, acid-stable amylase, acidic amylase, AGXA, AHA, alkaline alpha-amylase, alkalophilic Bacillus alpha-amylase, alpha amylase, alpha amylase 1, alpha-(1,4)-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4 glucan-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1-4 D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-amylase, alpha-amylase 1, alpha-amylase 2, alpha-amylase 3, alpha-amylase A4, alpha-amylase Aasp, alpha-amylase AI, alpha-amylase AOA, Alpha-amylase carcinoid, alpha-amylase CMA, alpha-amylase gt, alpha-amylase HA, alpha-amylase I, alpha-amylase II, alpha-amylase PA, alpha-amylase PPA, alpha-amylase type A isozyme, alpha-amylase type II, alpha-amylase ZSA, alpha-amylases 1, AMF-3, ami, Amy, Amy B, Amy c6, Amy I, Amy II, Amy-1E, amy-CS2, Amy-E, Amy-FC1, AMY1, AMY121, AMY2, Amy3, amy5, Amy7C, AmyA, AmyB, AmyC, AmyCR, AmyD, AmyD-1, AmyE, AmyH, AmyI-1, AmyI3C6, AmyK, AmyK38, AmyL, Amyl III, amylase AI, amylase AII, amylase I, Amylase THC 250, amylase, alpha-, Amylopsin, amylopullulanase, AmyN26, AmyP, AmyQ, AmyS, AmyUS100, AmyUS100DELTAIG, AmyZ2, AOA, AoA1, AoA2, ApkA, Apu, B4168_3135, Ba-amy, BAA, Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase, Bactosol TK, barley alpha-amylase 1, BBG7_0117, BGTG-1, BH072alpha-amylase, BHA, BiLA, BLA, Blamy-I, bllj_0710, BMA.2, BSA-2, Bsamy-I, BSTA, Buclamase, Ca2+-independent alpha-amylase gt, CcAmy, CCAP, Clarase, Clone 103, Clone 168, Clone PHV19, Clones GRAMY56 and 963, cold-active alpha-amylase, cold-adapted alpha-amylase, ComA, crustacean cardioactive peptide, diastase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase, endoamylase, FORILASE NTL alpha-amylase, Fortizyme, Fungamyl 800 L, G 995, G6-amylase, GH13Amy-1, GH13Amy-2, glycogenase, Gt-amy, HaAmy1, HaAmy2, haloalkaline alpha-amylase, HAS, HdAmyI, High pI alpha-amylase, HPA, HSA, HSAmy, HSAmy-ar, htur2110, human salivary alpha-amylase, hyperthermophilic alpha-amylase, Isozyme 1B, Kleistase L 1, KRA, LAMY, liquozyme, LLF-alpha-amylase, Low pI alpha-amylase, MalA, maltogenic amylase, maltohexaose-producing alpha-amylase, maltotriose-producing alpha-amylase, MAmy, Maxamyl, Maxilase, Meiotic expression upregulated protein 30, MJA1, More, N8 alpha-amylase, neutral amylase, Pancreatic alpha-amylase, PFTA, Pivozin, PPA, PPA-I, PPA-II, psychrophilic alpha amylase, Ptyalin, raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase, RB5AMG_01539, Rbamy5, RBLA, RBSA-1, ROAmy, Ruminococcus bromii intermediary alpha-amylase 5, Saci_1162, salt-tolerant alpha-amylase, ScAmy43, Sfamy, Spitase CP 1, SSO1172, SusG, TAA, TaAmy3, Taka-amylase A, Takatherm, TcAmy, TdAmyA, tergal gland protein-1, TfAmy48, Thermamyl, Thermolase, thermostable alpha-amylase, TO_amyl, Tp-AmyS, TVA II, VAAmy1, VAAmy2, VrAmy, ZSA
ECTree
3.2.1.1 alpha-amylaseAdvanced search results
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results (Natural Substrates Products
Natural Substrates Products on EC 3.2.1.1 - alpha-amylase
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE 
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltotrioside + H2O
2-chloro-4-nitrophenol + alpha-D-maltotriose
-
-
-
-
?
3 glycogen
maltotriose + maltotetraose + maltopentaose
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approx. 10% of activity with starch
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-
?
3 starch + 2 H2O
3 malto-oligosaccharides + D-glucose + maltose
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-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + maltoheptaoside
-
-
-
?
alpha-1,4-glucan + H2O
fragments of alpha-1,4-glucan
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-
-
-
?
amylose + H2O
maltotriose + maltotetraose + maltopentaose
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approx. 10% of activity with starch
-
-
?
dextrin + H2O
malto-oligosaccharides
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67% activity compared to corn starch
-
-
?
potato starch + H2O
malto-oligosaccharides
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potato starch has low affinity toward alpha-amylase AI (12% activity compared to corn starch)
-
-
?
Remazol Brilliant Blue dyed starch + H2O
malto-oligosaccharides
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-
-
?
Remazol Brilliant Blue-dyed starch + H2O
malto-oligosaccharides
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-
-
?
soluble potato starch + H2O
maltotriose + maltose + maltotetraose
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major products of the enzymatic reaction with starch as substrate
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?
starch + H2O
maltohexaose + maltopentaose + maltotriose
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-
major end products
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?
starch + H2O
maltotriose + maltohexaose + maltoheptaose + maltose
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soluble starch
first two are major products, maltohexose and maltose are intermediate products
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?
sweet sorghum starch + H2O
?
-
62% activity compared to potato soluble starch
-
-
?
tapioca root starch + H2O
?
-
88% activity compared to potato soluble starch
-
-
?
amylopectin + H2O
?
Geobacillus sp. IIPTN / MTCC 5319
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86% activity compared to potato soluble starch
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-
?
amylopectin + H2O
malto-oligosaccharides
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73% activity compared to corn starch
-
-
?
cassava starch + H2O
?
-
129% activity compared to potato soluble starch
-
-
?
cassava starch + H2O
?
Geobacillus sp. IIPTN / MTCC 5319
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129% activity compared to potato soluble starch
-
-
?
corn flour + H2O
?
Geobacillus sp. IIPTN / MTCC 5319
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58% activity compared to potato soluble starch
-
-
?
corn starch + H2O
?
Geobacillus sp. IIPTN / MTCC 5319
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107% activity compared to potato soluble starch
-
-
?
glycogen + H2O
?
-
glycogen from Ascaris suum, intestine and muscle alpha-amylase
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-
?
glycogen + H2O
malto-oligosaccharides
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81% activity compared to corn starch
-
-
?
starch + H2O
?
alpha-amylases are classical calcium-binding enzymes, which randomly hydrolyze internal alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkages in starch to produce smaller molecular mass maltodextrins, maltooligosaccharides and glucose
-
-
?
starch + H2O
?
-
salivary alpha-amylase digests a portion of ingested starch in the stomach before it enters the intestine and is exposed to pancreatic amylase. A role of salivary alpha-amylase is bacterial clearance from the mouth and prevention of bacterial attachment to oral surfaces
-
-
?
starch + H2O
D-glucose disaccharides + D-glucose trisaccharides
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degradation of raw starch, isozyme Amyl III
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-
?
starch + H2O
D-glucose disaccharides + D-glucose trisaccharides
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degradation of raw starch, isozyme Amyl III
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-
?
starch + H2O
glucooligosaccharide
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high enzyme production during stationary phase of growth, lack of catabolite repression
-
-
?
starch + H2O
glucooligosaccharide
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high enzyme production during stationary phase of growth, lack of catabolite repression
-
-
?
starch + H2O
glucooligosaccharide
Thermomonospora vulgaris
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enzyme production is induced by 2% starch or solid CaCO3
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-
?
starch + H2O
malto-oligosaccharides
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the alpha-amylase from the resistant no-cost strain exhibits higher activity towards starch compared to the resistant cost strain
-
-
?
starch + H2O
maltooligosaccharides
synthesis of alpha-amylase not catabolite-repressed by glucose in strain KCC103, difference to other Bacillus species
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-
?
starch + H2O
maltooligosaccharides
synthesis of alpha-amylase not catabolite-repressed by glucose in strain KCC103, difference to other Bacillus species
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-
?
starch + H2O
maltose + maltotriose
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potato starch
major products
-
?
additional information
?
-
high-molecular-mass compounds containing alpha-1,4 linkages are the best substrates for the enzyme. After 5 min reaction, no hydrolytic activity can be detected using maltose, xylan, pullulan or alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins as substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
alpha-amylases are endo-acting enzymes that randomly cleave the 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages between adjacent glucose units in linear amylose chains. As a result, they generate dextrins and smaller polymers composed of glucose units
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Arthrobacter agilis PAMC 27388
alpha-amylases are endo-acting enzymes that randomly cleave the 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages between adjacent glucose units in linear amylose chains. As a result, they generate dextrins and smaller polymers composed of glucose units
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the extracellular enzyme hydrolyses alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkages randomly throughout the starch molecule in an endo-fashion producing oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, including maltose, glucose and alpha limit dextrin
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-
?
additional information
?
-
Aspergillus oryzae EMS-18
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the extracellular enzyme hydrolyses alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkages randomly throughout the starch molecule in an endo-fashion producing oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, including maltose, glucose and alpha limit dextrin
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-
?
additional information
?
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-
does not hydrolyze beta-cyclodextrin and dextran
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
soybean alpha-amylase shows high specificity for its primary substrate starch, followed by amylopectin and dextrin (III), lower activity with amylopectin, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AmyH might be a substrate of the Twin-ariginine translocase Tat pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the crustacean cardioactive peptide isolated from midgut and central nervous system of cockroaches exhibits alpha-amylase activity in the midgut and might be involved in digestion of carbohydrate in a paracrine manner, CCAP also shows myotropic activity and might also be involved in stimulation of midgut contraction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the crustacean cardioactive peptide isolated from midgut and central nervous system of cockroaches exhibits alpha-amylase activity in the midgut and might be involved in digestion of carbohydrate in a paracrine manner, CCAP also shows myotropic activity and might also be involved in stimulation of midgut contraction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
alpha-amylase hydrolyzes beta-cyclodextrin with difficulty, and fails to hydrolyze gamma-cyclodextrin to any appreciable extent
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-amylase hydrolyzes beta-cyclodextrin with difficulty, and fails to hydrolyze gamma-cyclodextrin to any appreciable extent
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-
?
additional information
?
-
AmyB enzymatic activity is negligible when acarbose, a maltotetraose is present, indicating that AmyB cleaves maltose units from the nonreducing end of maltooligosaccharides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AmyB enzymatic activity is negligible when acarbose, a maltotetraose is present, indicating that AmyB cleaves maltose units from the nonreducing end of maltooligosaccharides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
inability to hydrolyze pullulan and beta-cyclodextrin with less than 10% of the specific activity of starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inability to hydrolyze pullulan and beta-cyclodextrin with less than 10% of the specific activity of starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AmyB enzymatic activity is negligible when acarbose, a maltotetraose is present, indicating that AmyB cleaves maltose units from the nonreducing end of maltooligosaccharides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
inability to hydrolyze pullulan and beta-cyclodextrin with less than 10% of the specific activity of starch
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
alpha-Amylase production is highly dependent on starch availability and is supressed in the presence of glucose or other reducing sugars whereas the transformed Xanthomonas expressing the hyperthermophilic alpha-amylase from Pyrococcus woesei produces similar levels of recombinant alpha-amylase activity, regardless of the carbon source present in growth medium
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the digestive endo-type enzyme plays an essential role in the carbohydrate metabolism and energy production of the insect, Zabrotes subfasciatus is able to infest stored beans of Phaseolus vulgaris causing severe crop losses in Latin America and Africa
-
-
?
