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3.2.1.1: alpha-amylase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about alpha-amylase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.2.1.1

Reaction

(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))n-alpha-D-glucopyranose
+
H2O
=
(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))n-m-alpha-D-glucopyranose
+
(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))m-alpha-D-glucopyranose

Synonyms

1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase and endoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase, ABA, acid-stable amylase, acidic amylase, AGXA, AHA, alkaline alpha-amylase, alkalophilic Bacillus alpha-amylase, alpha amylase, alpha amylase 1, alpha-(1,4)-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4 glucan-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1-4 D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-amylase, alpha-amylase 1, alpha-amylase 2, alpha-amylase 3, alpha-amylase A4, alpha-amylase Aasp, alpha-amylase AI, alpha-amylase AOA, Alpha-amylase carcinoid, alpha-amylase CMA, alpha-amylase gt, alpha-amylase HA, alpha-amylase I, alpha-amylase II, alpha-amylase PA, alpha-amylase PPA, alpha-amylase type A isozyme, alpha-amylase type II, alpha-amylase ZSA, alpha-amylases 1, AMF-3, ami, Amy, Amy B, Amy c6, Amy I, Amy II, Amy-1E, amy-CS2, Amy-E, Amy-FC1, AMY1, AMY121, AMY2, Amy3, amy5, Amy7C, AmyA, AmyB, AmyC, AmyCR, AmyD, AmyD-1, AmyE, AmyH, AmyI-1, AmyI3C6, AmyK, AmyK38, AmyL, Amyl III, amylase AI, amylase AII, amylase I, Amylase THC 250, amylase, alpha-, Amylopsin, amylopullulanase, AmyN26, AmyP, AmyQ, AmyS, AmyUS100, AmyUS100DELTAIG, AmyZ2, AOA, AoA1, AoA2, ApkA, Apu, B4168_3135, Ba-amy, BAA, Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase, Bactosol TK, barley alpha-amylase 1, BBG7_0117, BGTG-1, BH072alpha-amylase, BHA, BiLA, BLA, Blamy-I, bllj_0710, BMA.2, BSA-2, Bsamy-I, BSTA, Buclamase, Ca2+-independent alpha-amylase gt, CcAmy, CCAP, Clarase, Clone 103, Clone 168, Clone PHV19, Clones GRAMY56 and 963, cold-active alpha-amylase, cold-adapted alpha-amylase, ComA, crustacean cardioactive peptide, diastase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase, endoamylase, FORILASE NTL alpha-amylase, Fortizyme, Fungamyl 800 L, G 995, G6-amylase, GH13Amy-1, GH13Amy-2, glycogenase, Gt-amy, HaAmy1, HaAmy2, haloalkaline alpha-amylase, HAS, HdAmyI, High pI alpha-amylase, HPA, HSA, HSAmy, HSAmy-ar, htur2110, human salivary alpha-amylase, hyperthermophilic alpha-amylase, Isozyme 1B, Kleistase L 1, KRA, LAMY, liquozyme, LLF-alpha-amylase, Low pI alpha-amylase, MalA, maltogenic amylase, maltohexaose-producing alpha-amylase, maltotriose-producing alpha-amylase, MAmy, Maxamyl, Maxilase, Meiotic expression upregulated protein 30, MJA1, More, N8 alpha-amylase, neutral amylase, Pancreatic alpha-amylase, PFTA, Pivozin, PPA, PPA-I, PPA-II, psychrophilic alpha amylase, Ptyalin, raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase, RB5AMG_01539, Rbamy5, RBLA, RBSA-1, ROAmy, Ruminococcus bromii intermediary alpha-amylase 5, Saci_1162, salt-tolerant alpha-amylase, ScAmy43, Sfamy, Spitase CP 1, SSO1172, SusG, TAA, TaAmy3, Taka-amylase A, Takatherm, TcAmy, TdAmyA, tergal gland protein-1, TfAmy48, Thermamyl, Thermolase, thermostable alpha-amylase, TO_amyl, Tp-AmyS, TVA II, VAAmy1, VAAmy2, VrAmy, ZSA

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.2 Glycosylases
             3.2.1 Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds
                3.2.1.1 alpha-amylase

Cloned

Cloned on EC 3.2.1.1 - alpha-amylase

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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
acid-stable amylase
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AMY1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, cloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha, expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Pichia pastoris strain GS115
AMY1, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha, expression of the alpha-amylase C-terminally fused to the Aspergillus niger glucoamlyase starch binding domain in Aspergillus niger strain AB4.1, the mutant enzyme is secreted to the culture medium due to the signal peptide of the barley alpha-amylase
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cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli K12TB1
cloned and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris, recombinant isoenzymes with a six-histidine fusion tag
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cloned in Escherichia coli DH5alpha and XL10-Gold to pPICZA-AMY1. pPICZA-AMY1 and the mutants Y105A/Y380A, Y105A/Y380M, H395A, Y380A/H395A, Y380A, Y380M, and Y105A are expressed in Pichia pastoris
cloning in Escherichia coli and Streptomyces sp.
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cloning in Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue and recombinant expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant His-tagged enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
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cloning of a partial gene, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression analysis during larval development
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cloning, isolation and characterization of members of the amylase gene family that are expressed in pancreas, Amy-2, and in the salivary gland and liver, Amy-1
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coexpressed in a construct in Corynebacterium glutamicum, combined with Escherichia coli K-12 lysine decarboxylase for an one-step production of cadaverine. Construction of the Escherichia coli-Corynebacterium glutamicum shuttle vector, producing lysine decarboxylase under the control of the high constitutive expression promotor, and transformed this vector into Corynebaterium glutamicum. The engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum expresses both lysine decarboxlase and alpha-amylase, which retains their activity
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme lacking the native signal peptide in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AH22, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain TG1
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, recombinant expression
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, recombinant expression of secereted His6-tagged mutant Gs4j-amyA N-terminally fused to OmpA signal peptide in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) yielding 22fold increased enzyme production and activity as compared to the wild-type strain
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21T1R(DE3) with molecular chaperones plasmid pGro7 required for enzyme solubility, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
expresion of mutant enzymes in Escherichai coli strain MV1184
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expressed in Bacillus subitilis WB600
expressed in Bacillus subtilis strain WB600
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli ER2566
expressed in Escherichia coli MC1061 cells
expressed in Escherichia coli XL1 Blue cells
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expressed in Leuconostoc citreum strain CB2567
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expressed in Nicotiana tabacum NT1 cells and in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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expressed ion Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
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expression and purification carried out using a Bac-To-Bac Baculovirus Expression System
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expression as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli
expression in Bacillus subtilis
expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast
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expression in Escherchia coli
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)
expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) as soluble intein fusion protein
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expression in Escherichia coli strain MK79, which also contains the hemoglobin gene from Vitreoscilla sp.. The hemoglobin gene enhances production of alpha-amylase
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expression in Escherichia coli strains JM109, HB101, HMS174(DE3), and BL21(DE3)
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expression in Escherichia coli, alpha-amylase I
Halalkalibacterium halodurans
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expression in Escherichia coli, alpha-amylase II
Halalkalibacterium halodurans
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expression in Escherichia coli, T7 RNA polymerase expression system
expression in Haloarcula japonica
expression in Lactobacillus plantarum
-
expression in Pichia pastoris
expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
expression in Sacharomyces cerevisiae strain CENPK2
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expression in Sf9 insect cells
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expression in Streptomyces lividans TK24
expression of AHA mutants in Escherichia coli
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expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain M15
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expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
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gene ami, recombinant expression of wild-type enzyme and deletion mutant in Bacillus subtilis strain 1A751
gene amy+, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genome and phylogenetic analysis
-
gene amy, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene Amy-1E, recombinant expression of C-terminally His-tagged wild-type enzyme AmyP and chimeric mutant enzyme AmyP-Cr in Escherichia coli
gene amy-CS2, recombinant expression of C-terminally His-tagged chimeric mutant enzyme AmyP-Cr in Escherichia coli
gene amy-E, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree, recombinant expression of C-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS
gene amy48, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of the extracellular fraction of enzyme TfAmy48 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The biochemical properties of the extracellular purified recombinant enzyme (rTfAmy48) are similar to those of the native one
gene amyA, sequence comparisons, recombinant overexpression in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) using the native signal peptide, method optimization leading to 8fold increased production of extracellular enzyme. The amylase activity in culture supernatant of Escherichia coli cells from non-optimized conditions is 51.2 U/ml, from optimized conditions 409.5 U/ml
gene amyC, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, overexpression in Escherichia coli
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gene amyH, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis
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gene bgtg-1, quantitative real-time PCR BGTG-1 gene expression analysis
gene bllj_0710, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain MC1061
gene GH13Amy-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, isozyme structure comparisons, recombinant expression in Pichia pastoris
gene GH13Amy-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, isozyme structure comparisons, recombinant expression in Pichia pastoris
gene htur2110, sequence comparisons
gene LSA, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli
-
gene RB5AMG_01539, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RP
high level expression of thermostable Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase in Escherichia coli strain BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIL mainly in inclusion bodies, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha
high level production in high-cell density culture of the food yeast Candida utilis. Expression of this synthetic gene under the control of the GAP promoter yields biologically active alpha-mylase, accounting for more than 50% of the soluble protein
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high level recombinant expression in Pichia pastoris X-33 host strain using vector pGAPZaA, allowing constitutive expression and secretion of the protein
high level recombinant expression in Yarrowia lipolytica strain P01g using the vector pYLSC1 allowing constitutive expression and secretion of the protein
homologously expressed in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
hyperexpression in Bacillus subtilis
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N- and C-terminally truncated alpha-amylase and Ala- and Asp-substituted variants are overexpressed in the recombinant Escherichia coli cells
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neutral amylase
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overexpressed in Escherichia coli
overexpression of the soluble enzyme in Escherichia coli
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PTFA, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) and MC1061
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recombinant expression of chimeric acidic alpha-amylase Ba-Gt-amy in Pichia pastoris strain X33, real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis
recombinant expression of GST-tagged enzyme
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recombinant expression of His-tagged chimeric acidic alpha-amylase Ba-Gt-amy in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha
recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain M15
recombinant extracellular enzyme expression in Pichia pastoris strain GS115, highest alpha-amylase activity of 38314 U/ml is obtained with protein content of 28.7 mg/ml after 168 h high-cell density fermentation, the enzyme is secreted
-
secreted and correctly processed by Aspergillus niger
-
sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of His6-tagged enzyme lacking the signal peptide in Escherichia coli strain BL21 Star (DE3)
sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of His6-tagged enzyme lacking the signal peptide in Escherichia coli strain BL21 Star (DE3) in inclusion bodies
the amplified 1.7 kb DNA fragment is inserted into an expression vector pBV220 to yield the recombinant plasmid pSBAM. The alpha-amylase gene in pSBAM is expressed in Escherichia coli. The production of the novel alpha-amylase activity reaches over 8 units/100 mL of the culture
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transfer and heterologous expression of the gene in Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951. The transformed Xanthomonas produces similar levels of recombinant alpha-amylase activity, regardless of the carbon source present in growth medium, whereas the native Xanthomonas alpha-amylase production is highly dependent on starch availability and it is supressed in the presence of glucosse or other reducing sugars
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