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3.2.1.1: alpha-amylase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about alpha-amylase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.2.1.1

Reaction

(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))n-alpha-D-glucopyranose
+
H2O
=
(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))n-m-alpha-D-glucopyranose
 +
(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))m-alpha-D-glucopyranose

Synonyms

1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase and endoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase, ABA, acid-stable amylase, acidic amylase, AGXA, AHA, alkaline alpha-amylase, alkalophilic Bacillus alpha-amylase, alpha amylase, alpha amylase 1, alpha-(1,4)-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4 glucan-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1-4 D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-amylase, alpha-amylase 1, alpha-amylase 2, alpha-amylase 3, alpha-amylase A4, alpha-amylase Aasp, alpha-amylase AI, alpha-amylase AOA, Alpha-amylase carcinoid, alpha-amylase CMA, alpha-amylase gt, alpha-amylase HA, alpha-amylase I, alpha-amylase II, alpha-amylase PA, alpha-amylase PPA, alpha-amylase type A isozyme, alpha-amylase type II, alpha-amylase ZSA, alpha-amylases 1, AMF-3, ami, Amy, Amy B, Amy c6, Amy I, Amy II, Amy-1E, amy-CS2, Amy-E, Amy-FC1, AMY1, AMY121, AMY2, Amy3, amy5, Amy7C, AmyA, AmyB, AmyC, AmyCR, AmyD, AmyD-1, AmyE, AmyH, AmyI-1, AmyI3C6, AmyK, AmyK38, AmyL, Amyl III, amylase AI, amylase AII, amylase I, Amylase THC 250, amylase, alpha-, Amylopsin, amylopullulanase, AmyN26, AmyP, AmyQ, AmyS, AmyUS100, AmyUS100DELTAIG, AmyZ2, AOA, AoA1, AoA2, ApkA, Apu, B4168_3135, Ba-amy, BAA, Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase, Bactosol TK, barley alpha-amylase 1, BBG7_0117, BGTG-1, BH072alpha-amylase, BHA, BiLA, BLA, Blamy-I, bllj_0710, BMA.2, BSA-2, Bsamy-I, BSTA, Buclamase, Ca2+-independent alpha-amylase gt, CcAmy, CCAP, Clarase, Clone 103, Clone 168, Clone PHV19, Clones GRAMY56 and 963, cold-active alpha-amylase, cold-adapted alpha-amylase, ComA, crustacean cardioactive peptide, diastase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase, endoamylase, FORILASE NTL alpha-amylase, Fortizyme, Fungamyl 800 L, G 995, G6-amylase, GH13Amy-1, GH13Amy-2, glycogenase, Gt-amy, HaAmy1, HaAmy2, haloalkaline alpha-amylase, HAS, HdAmyI, High pI alpha-amylase, HPA, HSA, HSAmy, HSAmy-ar, htur2110, human salivary alpha-amylase, hyperthermophilic alpha-amylase, Isozyme 1B, Kleistase L 1, KRA, LAMY, liquozyme, LLF-alpha-amylase, Low pI alpha-amylase, MalA, maltogenic amylase, maltohexaose-producing alpha-amylase, maltotriose-producing alpha-amylase, MAmy, Maxamyl, Maxilase, Meiotic expression upregulated protein 30, MJA1, More, N8 alpha-amylase, neutral amylase, Pancreatic alpha-amylase, PFTA, Pivozin, PPA, PPA-I, PPA-II, psychrophilic alpha amylase, Ptyalin, raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase, RB5AMG_01539, Rbamy5, RBLA, RBSA-1, ROAmy, Ruminococcus bromii intermediary alpha-amylase 5, Saci_1162, salt-tolerant alpha-amylase, ScAmy43, Sfamy, Spitase CP 1, SSO1172, SusG, TAA, TaAmy3, Taka-amylase A, Takatherm, TcAmy, TdAmyA, tergal gland protein-1, TfAmy48, Thermamyl, Thermolase, thermostable alpha-amylase, TO_amyl, Tp-AmyS, TVA II, VAAmy1, VAAmy2, VrAmy, ZSA

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.2 Glycosylases
             3.2.1 Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds
                3.2.1.1 alpha-amylase

Purification

Purification on EC 3.2.1.1 - alpha-amylase

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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
163fold by starch affinity chromatography
-
16fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and anion exchange chromatography
-
2-propanol, Mono Q, Superose 12
-
20fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography
-
24fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration
Wangia sp. C52
-
38.46fold purified, to near homogeneity
-
39fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration
-
3fold with a yield of 9%
-
44fold by gel filtration
55fold from culture supernatant by acetone precipitation, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration
-
5fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration
-
accidental co-purification of the native alpha-amylase with carbonic anhydrase VI from saliva by 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide affinity chromatography
-
acetone, DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200
-
acid-stable amylase
-
Ala- and Asp-substituted variants overexpressed in recombinant Escherichia coli cells
-
alpha-amylase I
Halalkalibacterium halodurans
-
alpha-amylase II
Halalkalibacterium halodurans
-
alpha-amylase III
-
ammonium sulfate precipitation and Q-Sepharose column chromatography
-
ammonium sulfate precipitation, beta-cyclodextrin-Sepharose column chromatography
-
ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography, and Sephadex G-75gel filtration
ammonium sulfate precipitation, Q-Sepharose column chromatography, and Mono Q-Sepharose column chromatography
-
ammonium sulfate, 50°C denaturation, P-cellulose, PAGE, muscle alpha-amylase, 50°C denaturation, DEAE-cellulose, P-cellulose, intestine alpha-amylase
-
ammonium sulfate, beta-cyclodextrin Sepharose 6B
-
ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephacel, Phenyl-agarose, Sephacryl S-200, chromatofocusing
-
ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Toyopearl, Toyopearl HW-55F
-
Amy I, 85.2fold purified and Amy II, 263fold purified
-
DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, Sepharose 6B
-
DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200
-
DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and G-50 gel filtration
enzyme from normal pancreas and from transplantable pancreatic acinar carcinoma
-
ethanol, DEAE-cellulose, BioGel P-100
-
extracellular and membrane-bound enzyme
-
extracellular enzyme from culture supernatant 9.5fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration
-
extracellular native wild-type and mutant enzymes 14.2fold and 19.6fold, respectively, from culture supernatants by dialysis, ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and anion exchange chromatography, to homogeneity
from crude cell extracts using acetone precipitation and gel filtration, yields of 45% obtained
from seeds
-
glycogen precipitation and DEAE-Sephacel gel filtration
-
GST-tagged enzyme 333fold by glutathione affinity chromatography
-
HiTrap SP column chromatography
isonenzyme Amy IW and Amy IC
Gammarus palustris
-
Mono Q column chromatography
native enzyme 15.3fold to homogeneity from strain A21 by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and anion exchange chromatography
-
native enzyme 17.13fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration
-
native enzyme 18fold by dialysis, gel filtration, and ultrafiltration
-
native enzyme 20fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration
-
native enzyme 3.4fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and anion exchange chromatography
native enzyme 400fold from germinating seeds to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment at 70°C for 10 min, beta-cyclodextrin affinity chromatography, and gel filtration
-
native enzyme 46fold by starch affinity
-
native enzyme from culture supernatant 33.1fold by centrifugation at 55000 rpm, dialysis, ultrafiltration, anion exchange chromatography, dialysis, and gel filtration
native enzyme from mantle tissue by insoluble starch affinity chromatography and gel filtration, resolution of two enzyme forms, an aggregated form I and a monomeric form II, 142.4fold and 26.5fold purification, respectively
-
native enzyme from strain BH072 21.23fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration
-
native enzyme to homogeneity
-
native enzyme to homogeneity from strain NCIM 2829 culture filtrate
-
native extracellular enzyme 1.63fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and dialysis
-
native extracellular enzyme 13.6fold to homogeneity in a multistep procedure
-
native extracellular enzyme 14.4fold by two steps of ion exchanchromatography
-
native extracellular enzyme 15.7fold by anion exchange chromatography, to homogeneity
-
native extracellular enzyme 163.5fold from culture medium in a one-step process by starch affinity chromatography to homogeneity
-
native extracellular enzyme 37.5fold to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange and starch affinity chromatography, and gel filtration
-
native extracellular enzyme 49fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration
-
native extracellular enzyme 531fold from honey, by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and both anion and cation exchange chromatography
-
native extracellular enzyme 7.1fold by acetone precipitation, gel filtration, ultrafiltration, and anion exchange chromatography
-
native extracellular enzyme 8.34fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and anion exchange chromatography
-
native extracellular enzyme 80.5fold from culture medium by anion exchange chromatography and two steps of gel filtration to homogeneity
-
native extracellular enzyme 9.5fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, gel filtration, and anion exchange chromatography
native extracellular enzyme from culture medium 16.14fold in a single gel filtration step
-
native extracellular enzyme from culture medium by adsorption chromatography, the enzyme is sensitive to proteolytic degradation during purification and requires PMSF addition for protection
-
native extracellular isozyme BAA from culture medium by ion exchange chromatographyand preparative PAGE
-
native isozymes AoA1 and AoA2 from larval gut 30.5fold and 65.4fold, respectively, by cation exchange and beta-cyclodextrin affinity chromatography, and gel filtration
-
native three isozymes AI-1 and AI-2, and AII 1076fold, 1813fold, and 18fold, respectively, from viscera, to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and two alternating, sequential steps of both gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography
-
neutral amylase
-
Ni-NTA column chromatography, gel filtration
partial
partial 2.4fold purification of native enzyme by ammonium sulfate fractionation
-
partial, by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis
-
partial, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis
-
partially by preparation of enzyme extract and heat treatment at 70°C for 20 min
-
partially purified
-
partially purified from bacteria grown in the presence or in the absence of heavy metals
-
porcine salivary amylase 1 and 2: PSA1 and PSA2
-
purified from green and kilned malt
-
Q-Sepharose column chromatography
-
Q-Sepharose column chromatography and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration
-
recombinant ABA, diafiltration, Q-Sepharose
-
recombinant alpha-amylase
recombinant alpha-amylase, affinity chromatography on beta-cyclodextrin-Sepharose
-
recombinant alpha-amylase, Phenyl Sepharose, Q-Sepharose
-
recombinant Amy1, affinity chromatography on cyclohepta-amylase substituted epoxy-Sepharose 6B
-
recombinant AMY1-SBD fusion enzyme from Aspergillus niger strain AB4.1 by beta-cyclodextrin affinity chromatography
-
recombinant AmyC from Escherichia coli
-
recombinant enzyme
recombinant enzyme 3.8fold from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to homogeneity
-
recombinant enzyme expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. The solubilization of the inclusion bodies is achieved by 90°C treatment for 3 min in Britton-Robinson buffer (0.04 M H3BO3, 0.04 M H3PO4, 0.04 M CH3COOH) at pH 10.5. The solubilized PFA is then diluted and subsequently purified by Phenyl Sepharose chromatography
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli to homogeneity in 3 chromatographical steps
-
recombinant enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to homogeneity
recombinant extracellular enzyme 14.2fold from Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration to homogeneity
recombinant extracellular enzyme expressed from Yarrowia lipolytica strain P01g 10.8fold by ultrafiltration, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration
recombinant extracellular His-tagged mutant enzyme Gs4j-amyA from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by ammonium sulfate fractionation and nickel affinity chromatography
-
recombinant His-tagged chimeric acidic alpha-amylase Ba-Gt-amy from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant His-tagged chimeric mutant enzyme AmyP-Cr from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant His-tagged chimeric wild-type and mutant mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant His-tagged enzyme 8.2fold from Escherichia coli strain BL21T1R(DE3) by affinity chromatography
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain M15 by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration
recombinant His-tagged enzyme lacking the native signal peptide 7fold from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain M15 by nickel affinity chromatography
-
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme 88.9fold from Escherichia coli strain MC1061 by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and dialysis
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RP by nickel affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme lacking the signal peptide from Escherichia coli strain BL21 Star (DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant PFTA 32.6fold from Escherichia coli
-
recombinant protein
recombinant protein, expression and purification carried out using a Bac-To-Bac Baculovirus Expression System
-
recombinant solubilized and refolded His6-tagged enzyme lacking the signal peptide from Escherichia coli strain BL21 Star (DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
recombinant soluble intein fusion protein partially from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by heat treatment at 75°C, cleavage of intein fusion protein
-
recombinant wild-type and mutant enzyme L134R/S320A
-
recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes from Pichia pastoris strain GS115 by beta-cyclodextrin affinity chromatography
recombinant wild-type and mutant His-tagged enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, to homogeneity
-
seeds of Sorghum bicolor
-
separation of three native isozymes from the infective juvenile of the nematode, purification of isozyme alpha-amylase I 74fold to homogeneity, by two steps of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration
-
separation of two native isozymes RBSA-1 and BSA-2 from strain IFO 3108 by gel filtration
-
Sephacryl S-100
-
Sephadex G10 matrix gel filtration
solubilized recombinant enzyme 138fold from Escherichia coli by cation exchange chromatography
strain NCIB 6364
-
TEAE-cellulose column chromatography, carboxymethyl-cellulose column chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration
-
thermoseparating polymer aqueous two-phase system
-
three distinct amylolytically active protein forms
-
three enzyme forms: Amyl I, Amyl II and Amyl III
-
TSKgel BioAssist Q column chromatography, gel filtration
-
ultrafiltration, DEAE-5PW, Phenyl-5PW
-
ultrafiltration, hydroxyapatite column chromatography, and Macro Prep High S support column chromatography
-
ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and Sepharose Mono Q column chromatography
-
wild-type and mutants H222D, H222E, H222Q, W177V, Y178V, and F179V
wild-type, and recombinant mutants L134R, S320A, and L134R/S320A