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3.2.1.1: alpha-amylase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about alpha-amylase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.2.1.1

Reaction

(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))n-alpha-D-glucopyranose
+
H2O
=
(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))n-m-alpha-D-glucopyranose
 +
(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))m-alpha-D-glucopyranose

Synonyms

1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase and endoamylase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan-glucanohydrolase, ABA, acid-stable amylase, acidic amylase, AGXA, AHA, alkaline alpha-amylase, alkalophilic Bacillus alpha-amylase, alpha amylase, alpha amylase 1, alpha-(1,4)-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4 glucan-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, alpha-1-4 D-glucan glucanohydrolase, alpha-amylase, alpha-amylase 1, alpha-amylase 2, alpha-amylase 3, alpha-amylase A4, alpha-amylase Aasp, alpha-amylase AI, alpha-amylase AOA, Alpha-amylase carcinoid, alpha-amylase CMA, alpha-amylase gt, alpha-amylase HA, alpha-amylase I, alpha-amylase II, alpha-amylase PA, alpha-amylase PPA, alpha-amylase type A isozyme, alpha-amylase type II, alpha-amylase ZSA, alpha-amylases 1, AMF-3, ami, Amy, Amy B, Amy c6, Amy I, Amy II, Amy-1E, amy-CS2, Amy-E, Amy-FC1, AMY1, AMY121, AMY2, Amy3, amy5, Amy7C, AmyA, AmyB, AmyC, AmyCR, AmyD, AmyD-1, AmyE, AmyH, AmyI-1, AmyI3C6, AmyK, AmyK38, AmyL, Amyl III, amylase AI, amylase AII, amylase I, Amylase THC 250, amylase, alpha-, Amylopsin, amylopullulanase, AmyN26, AmyP, AmyQ, AmyS, AmyUS100, AmyUS100DELTAIG, AmyZ2, AOA, AoA1, AoA2, ApkA, Apu, B4168_3135, Ba-amy, BAA, Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase, Bactosol TK, barley alpha-amylase 1, BBG7_0117, BGTG-1, BH072alpha-amylase, BHA, BiLA, BLA, Blamy-I, bllj_0710, BMA.2, BSA-2, Bsamy-I, BSTA, Buclamase, Ca2+-independent alpha-amylase gt, CcAmy, CCAP, Clarase, Clone 103, Clone 168, Clone PHV19, Clones GRAMY56 and 963, cold-active alpha-amylase, cold-adapted alpha-amylase, ComA, crustacean cardioactive peptide, diastase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase, endo-1,4-alpha-D-glucanohydrolase, endoamylase, FORILASE NTL alpha-amylase, Fortizyme, Fungamyl 800 L, G 995, G6-amylase, GH13Amy-1, GH13Amy-2, glycogenase, Gt-amy, HaAmy1, HaAmy2, haloalkaline alpha-amylase, HAS, HdAmyI, High pI alpha-amylase, HPA, HSA, HSAmy, HSAmy-ar, htur2110, human salivary alpha-amylase, hyperthermophilic alpha-amylase, Isozyme 1B, Kleistase L 1, KRA, LAMY, liquozyme, LLF-alpha-amylase, Low pI alpha-amylase, MalA, maltogenic amylase, maltohexaose-producing alpha-amylase, maltotriose-producing alpha-amylase, MAmy, Maxamyl, Maxilase, Meiotic expression upregulated protein 30, MJA1, More, N8 alpha-amylase, neutral amylase, Pancreatic alpha-amylase, PFTA, Pivozin, PPA, PPA-I, PPA-II, psychrophilic alpha amylase, Ptyalin, raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase, RB5AMG_01539, Rbamy5, RBLA, RBSA-1, ROAmy, Ruminococcus bromii intermediary alpha-amylase 5, Saci_1162, salt-tolerant alpha-amylase, ScAmy43, Sfamy, Spitase CP 1, SSO1172, SusG, TAA, TaAmy3, Taka-amylase A, Takatherm, TcAmy, TdAmyA, tergal gland protein-1, TfAmy48, Thermamyl, Thermolase, thermostable alpha-amylase, TO_amyl, Tp-AmyS, TVA II, VAAmy1, VAAmy2, VrAmy, ZSA

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.2 Glycosylases
             3.2.1 Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds
                3.2.1.1 alpha-amylase

pH Stability

pH Stability on EC 3.2.1.1 - alpha-amylase

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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
1 - 2
-
65°C, 15 min, stable
393406, 393411
10 - 12
-
stable at
750825
10.5
-
45% loss of activity after 15 h at 37°C
657151
11 - 12
-
50% remaining activity after 24 h at 25°C
752016
2
-
70°C, 30 min, more than 70% of the activity remains
393388
2 - 12
-
purified enzyme, 50% activity remaining at pH 5.0 and pH 9.0, inactiuvation at pH 2.0 and pH 12.0, profile, overview
701769
2.2
-
37°C, 30 min, 13% loss of activity
393439
3 - 11
purified recombinant isozyme HaAmy1 is completely stable at, isozymes HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 show 10% and 5% increase in the amylase activity at pH 9.0 and pH 5.0, respectively
749947
3 - 6
3 - 9
3.4 - 6.4
-
optimal stability
393406
3.5 - 10.5
-
-
743850
3.5 - 6.5
-
stable
393393
3.5 - 7.5
-
remains stable from pH 3.5-7.0, the enzyme activity keeps above 75% after treatment at pH values ranging from 3.5 to 6.0, for pH values beyond 7.5 or less than 3.5 the enzyme activity decreases drastically
704059
3.6
-
1 h, complete loss of activity
681158
3.9 - 11.9
-
20% loss of activity after 24 h at 4°C
655034
4 - 10
4 - 4.5
-
24 h, no loss of activity
678788
4 - 5
4 - 5.5
4 - 6.5
-
70°C, 1 h, stable pH-range for mutant enzyme L134R/S320A
677791
4 - 7
-
ScAmy43 is stable over a narrow range, pH 4.0: below 60% residual activity, pH 7: below 80% residual activity, after incubation at various pH at 4°C for 24 h, assay at pH 4.0 and 55°C for 30 min
693602
4 - 8
4 - 9
4 - 9.4
-
stable
393380
4.2
-
at 3 M NaCl, half-life: 5.7 h
727458
4.5 - 10
-
purified recombinant enzyme, 30 min, over 80% activity remaining
750813
4.5 - 11
4.5 - 7.2
-
purified enzyme, 4°C, 24 h, stable at
749783
4.5 - 8
-
enzymes from strain SB, N, P, and T are stable
393441
4.6
-
at 3 M NaCl, half-life: 138 h
727458
4.6 - 10.4
-
20% loss of activity after 24 h at 4°C
655034
4.8 - 8
-
over 90% of the secondary and tertiary structural elements are retained, indicating unfolding of the enzyme under both acidic and basic pH conditions. The enzyme retains its native conformation. The enzyme is found to be unfolded with loss of both structure and activity at pH below 3.0 and above 10.0
691135
5 - 10
5 - 10.5
-
stable
393366
5 - 11
-
the relative activities at pH5.0 and 9.0 are about 84% and 63%, respectively, of that measured at optimum pH 6.5, the activity decreases rapidly to 11% at pH 10.0
701769
5 - 6
5 - 7
5 - 8
5 - 9
5.5 - 10
-
stable
393378
5.5 - 7
-
70°C, 1 h, stable pH-range for wild-type enzyme
677791
5.5 - 7.5
5.5 - 8.5
-
stable
393446
5.5 - 9
5.7 - 9.2
stable
727199
5.8 - 7.5
-
25°C, 0.067 M phosphate buffer, enzyme retains over 93% of its activity
393421
5.9
-
optimal stability of the enzyme from strain F
393441
6 - 10
6 - 11
6 - 12
recombinant enzyme, stable at
750980
6 - 13
Bacillus sp. GM8901
-
stable at
750825
6 - 7
6 - 7.5
-
4°C, 24 h, purified enzyme, stable
664782
6 - 8
6 - 9
6 - 9.5
purified recombinant His-tagged enzyme, 30 min, over 70% activity remaining
752126
6.3 - 7.9
-
stable
393387
6.5 - 7.5
7 - 10
7 - 11
7 - 8
7 - 9
-
30°C, 18 h, stable
393404
7.5
-
purified enzyme, 90% activity remaining after 200 min
750793
7.5 - 8.5
-
AmyB and the variant DELTAAmyB, lacking the N-domain depend only weakly on pH. At 7.5-8.5 they show almost identical Tm values
693640
8 - 12
-
purified enzyme, stable at
750825
8.5 - 11
40°C, 60 min, enzyme retains almost 80% of its initial activity
678857
9 - 11
stable at
750825
additional information