Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | cold-active alpha-amylase from mutant Microbacterium foliorum strain GA2 can be profitably used in detergents for laundry and automatic dishwashing to degrade the residues of starchy foods | Microbacterium foliorum |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | random chemical mutagenesis by the treatment of cells with sodium azide, alkali-tolerant Microbacterium foliorum strain GA2 is randomly mutated using UV radiation and sodium azide to obtain a mutant with higher cold-active extracellular amylolytic activity, designated as MFSD20, which is selected owing to its higher amylase activity at 20°C. Under optimized conditions, amylase production is achieved best with raw banana peels (5000 units) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) | Microbacterium foliorum |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Co2+ | 47% inhibition of wild-type and mutant enzymes at 5 mM | Microbacterium foliorum | |
Cu2+ | 62% inhibition of wild-type and mutant enzymes at 5 mM | Microbacterium foliorum | |
Fe2+ | strong inhibition of wild-type and mutant enzymes at 5 mM | Microbacterium foliorum | |
Hg2+ | 73% inhibition of wild-type and mutant enzymes at 5 mM | Microbacterium foliorum | |
Zn2+ | 54% inhibition of wild-type and mutant enzymes at 5 mM | Microbacterium foliorum |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
additional information | apparent Km and Vmax values for the hydrolysis of soluble starch are 4 mg/ml and 1111 units/mg for the wild-type enzyme, and 2 mg/ml and 844.5 units/mg for the mutant enzyme, respectively | Microbacterium foliorum |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
extracellular | the enzyme is secreted | Microbacterium foliorum | - |
- |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | highly activating at 5 mM | Microbacterium foliorum | |
additional information | no effect by Mg2+ at 5 mM | Microbacterium foliorum |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
starch + H2O | Microbacterium foliorum | - |
? | - |
? | |
starch + H2O | Microbacterium foliorum GA2 | - |
? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Microbacterium foliorum | A0A1S7D3W6 | - |
- |
Microbacterium foliorum GA2 | A0A1S7D3W6 | - |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
extracellular native wild-type and mutant enzymes 14.2fold and 19.6fold, respectively, from culture supernatants by dialysis, ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and anion exchange chromatography, to homogeneity | Microbacterium foliorum |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | production of alpha-amylase in solid state fermentation from mutated strain | Microbacterium foliorum | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
one unit of enzyme activity is defined as the quantity of enzyme that causes a 0.01% reduction of absorbance at 690 nm of starch-iodine solution at 20°C in one min per ml | Microbacterium foliorum |
595.5 | - |
purified native wild-type enzyme, pH 5.0, 20°C | Microbacterium foliorum |
700 | - |
purified native mutant enzyme, pH 5.0, 20°C | Microbacterium foliorum |
804.88 | - |
purified native wild-type enzyme, pH 8.0, 20°C | Microbacterium foliorum |
1022.36 | - |
purified native mutant enzyme, pH 5.0, 4°C | Microbacterium foliorum |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
starch + H2O | - |
Microbacterium foliorum | ? | - |
? | |
starch + H2O | - |
Microbacterium foliorum GA2 | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
? | x * 66000, wild-type and mutant enzymes, SDS-PAGE | Microbacterium foliorum |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
cold-active alpha-amylase | - |
Microbacterium foliorum |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
4 | - |
mutant MFSD20 | Microbacterium foliorum |
15 | - |
wild-type enzyme | Microbacterium foliorum |
Temperature Minimum [°C] | Temperature Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
4 | 45 | purified cold-active alpha-amylase is active at 4-45°C. Optimum temperature is 15°C, 84% of maximal activity at 4°C and 25°C, 62% at 35°C, rapid drop to only 5% of maximal activity at 45°C. Temperature optimum of mutagenized alpha-amylase from the MFSZ20 strain shifts to 4°C (1022.36 units/mg), 92% of maximal activity at 25°C, 87% at 35°C, and 17% at 45°C | Microbacterium foliorum |
Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] | Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
20 | - |
purified wild-type enzyme shows 64% activity remaining after 2 h, the mutant enzyme from strain MFSD20 shows 70% remaining activity after 2 h | Microbacterium foliorum |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
8 | - |
wild-type enzyme | Microbacterium foliorum |
10 | - |
mutant enzyme MFSD20 | Microbacterium foliorum |
pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7 | 12 | purified wild-type alpha-amylase shows good activity over a broad pH range (pH 7-10) and the optimum pH for enzyme activity is pH 8.0. The specific activity is 512.27, 599.65, 773.29 and 757.5 units/mg at pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively. Specific activity is still 694.43 units (86%) at pH 10. But beyond pH 10, enzymatic activity is drastically reduced and only 536.9 units/mg specific activity is observed at pH 11.0 which further drops to 157.72 units/mg at pH 12.0 | Microbacterium foliorum |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | both purified wild-type enzyme and mutant enzyme (from strain MFSD20) show very high stability with different detergents at 20°C, overview | Microbacterium foliorum |