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5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
?
lipoamide + NADPH + H+
dihydrolipoamide + NADP+
-
-
-
?
selenite + NADPH
? + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + insulin disulfide
thioredoxin disulfide + insulin
thioredixin is the native principal substrate of TrxR1
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
4,4'-bischloro-diphenyl diselenide + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
4,4'-bismethoxy-diphenyl diselenide + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
alloxan + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
alloxan + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
diphenyl diselenide + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
human thioredoxin + NADP+
human thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
insulin + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
juglone + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-cysteine + NADPH
L-cystine + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
menadione + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
methylseleninate + H2O2
?
NADH + ubiquinone-10
NAD+ + ubiquinol-10
-
-
-
-
?
NADPH + H+ + ubiquinone-10
NADP+ + ubiquinol-10
-
-
-
-
?
oxidized lipoamide + NADPH
lipoamide disulfide + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
selenite + NADPH + H+
? + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
additional information
?
-
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
i.e. DTNB
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
coupled assay
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
methylseleninate + H2O2
?
-
addition of selenocysteine increases the activity by 20%
-
-
?
methylseleninate + H2O2
?
-
only wild-type enzyme
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
-
-
ir
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
coupled assay with DTNB
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
coupled assay, measurement of NADPH oxidation in presence of insulin and thioredoxin
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
ir
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
in presence of NADPH, coupled assay
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mitochondrial respiratory chain and thioredoxin reductase regulate intermembrane Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
specific for NADPH, B side of nicotinamide ring
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ribonucleotide reductase, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase constitute a system necessary for the biosynthesis of deesoxyribonucleotides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the internal disulfide bond (CD7D5) of human neuroglobin can be reduced by thioredoxin reductase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ebselen, 4,4'-bistrifluoromethyl-diphenyl diselenide, 2,4,6,2',4',6-hexamethyldiphenyl diselenide, and 4,4'-biscarboxydiphenyl diselenide are no substrates
-
-
?
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1,4-dihydroxyanthroquinone
-
1,8-dihydroxyanthroquinone
-
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
2-aminothiazolium [trans-tetrachlorobis(2-aminothiazole)ruthenate(III)]
-
pseudohypericin
strong inhibitor of isoform TrxR1
trans-[bis(2-amino-5-methylthiazole)tetrachlororuthenate(III)]
selective inhibition of TrxR1
1,4-dihydroxyanthroquinone
-
1,8-dihydroxyanthroquinone
-
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
15-deoxy-D-12,14-PGJ2
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.00036 mM
2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde
-
-
2-benzyloxycinnamaldehyde
-
-
2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
-
-
2-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
maximum inhibition is achieved 5 min after addition of 0.003 mM
2-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
-
2-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
-
2-pentoxycinnamaldehyde
-
-
3,4-estronequinone
-
0.032 mM, IC50: 0.02 mM
3-(4-[[2-(1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)propanoic acid
-
-
3-(4-[[6-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)propanoic acid
-
-
4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-(1-benzothien-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-(5-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-hydroxy-4-[1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
4-hydroxynonenal
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.012 mM
4-[6-fluoro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
-
-
5-fluoro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
-
-
5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[1-oxo-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)ethyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
-
5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
-
5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
-
6-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
-
6-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
-
-
bis-demethoxy curcumin
-
-
chloro[N(4)-ortho-chlorophenyl-2-acetylpyridinethiosemicarbazonato]gold(III)dichloroaurate(I)
-
in addition, the complex is highly cytotoxic to MCF-7 and HT29 cells
cisplatin
-
i.e. cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), about 3% residual activity at 400 nM in the presence of NADPH, about 10% residual activity at 400 nM for 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reduction, about 90% residual activity at 400 nM for juglone reduction
dichloro[N(4)-ortho-chlorophenyl-2-acetylpyridinethiosemicarbazonato]antimony(III)
-
in addition, the complex is highly cytotoxic to MCF-7 and HT29 cells
ES936
-
i.e. 5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione, potent inhibitor
gold
-
potent inhibitor, the inhibition of TrxR1 by the metal compound is not markedly influenced by the presence of EDTA
gold acetate
-
500 nM, 50% inhibition
gold sodium thiomalate
-
500 nM, 50% inhibition
Hg2+
-
in the presence of NADPH, a ratio of 2 HgCl2 molecules to 1 TrxR dimer leads to a virtually inactive enzyme. On treatment with 0.005 mM selenite and NADPH, TrxR inactivated by HgCl2 displays almost full recovery of activity
K2PdCl4
-
strong and irreversible inhibition, about 30% residual activity at 400 nM in the presence of NADPH, less than 10% residual activity at 400 nM for 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reduction, about 90% residual activity at 400 nM for juglone reduction
K2PdCl6
-
irreversible inhibition
K2PtCl4
-
irreversible inhibition, about 5% residual activity at 400 nM in the presence of NADPH, complete inhibition of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reduction at 400 nM, about 90% residual activity at 400 nM for juglone reduction
K2PtCl6
-
irreversible inhibition
KAuCl4
-
irreversible inhibition, about 10% residual activity at 400 nM in the presence of NADPH, less than 5% residual activity at 400 nM for 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reduction, about 70% residual activity at 400 nM for juglone reduction
leukotriene A4 methyl ester
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.513 mM
methylmercury
-
in the case of methylmercury, a ratio of 16 molecules per dimer leads to a virtually inactive enzyme
myricetin
-
0.05 mM, strong inhibitory effect, IC50: 0.62 mM
palladium
-
potent inhibitor, the inhibition of TrxR1 by the metal compound is not markedly influenced by the presence of EDTA
platinum
-
the inhibition of TrxR1 by the metal compound is not markedly influenced by the presence of EDTA
Prostaglandin A2
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.068 mM
quercetin
-
0.05 mM, strong inhibitory effect, IC50: 0.97 mM
reactive oxygen species
-
0.1 mM, ROS generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase enhance the inhibitory effect of flavonoids
-
sodium aurothiosulfate
-
100 nM, 50% inhibition
trans,trans-curcumin
-
IC50: 0.0036 mM, irreversible inhibition after incubation at room temperature for 2 h in vitro
triphenyl phosphine gold chloride
-
75 nM, 50% inhibition
cisplatin
-
cisplatin
complete inhibition after 1 h at 0.5 mM
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
-
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
-
TrxR inhibition by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene results in generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent activation of stress-inducible kinases without impairment of the cellular antioxidant status or mitochondrial function
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
-
0.005-0.025 mM, IC50: 0.0038 mM, irreversible inhibition
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
-
0.05 mM, remarkable lost inhibition
auranofin
-
5-10 nM, 50% inhibition, complete inhibition above 15 nM
auranofin
-
about 10% residual activity at 400 nM in the presence of NADPH, less than 5% residual activity at 400 nM for 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reduction, about 80% residual activity at 400 nM for juglone reduction
auranofin
-
protects cerebellar granular neurons from the action of different doses of tetanus neurotoxin, about 1 microM auranofinF confers a full protection against tetnus neurotoxin intoxication. Auranofin protects cerebellar granular neurons from the cleavage of VAMP-2 induced by botulinum neurotoxi B and the cleavage of syntaxin 1A induced by botulinum neurotoxin C
curcumin
-
-
curcumin
-
irreversible inhibition
curcumin
-
IC50: 0.0036 mM
additional information
SecTRAPs (selenium compromised thioredoxin reductase-derived apoptotic proteins) can be formed from the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase by targeting of its selenocysteine residue with electrophiles, or by its removal through C-terminal truncation. SecTRAPs are devoid of thioredoxin reductase activity but can induce rapid cell death in cultured cancer cell lines by a gain of function. Human and rat SecTRAPs induce cell death in human A549 and HeLa cells
-
additional information
-
quinols irreversible inhibit mammalian TrxR by targeting the penultimate C-terminal selenocysteine residue
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid after 1 h of incubation
-
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0.2
1,4-dihydroxyanthroquinone
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
1,8-dihydroxyanthroquinone
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.0086
2-aminothiazolium [trans-tetrachlorobis(2-aminothiazole)ruthenate(III)]
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.18
aloe emodin
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
aloin A
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
anthrone
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.194
chrysophanol
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
frangulin A
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.198
hypericin
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.185
physcion
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.0046
pseudohypericin
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.084
Rhein
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
sennoside A
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
sennoside B
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
skyrin glucoside
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.0238
trans-[bis(2-amino-5-methylthiazole)tetrachlororuthenate(III)]
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.2
1,4-dihydroxyanthroquinone
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
1,8-dihydroxyanthroquinone
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR1, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.00036
15-deoxy-D-12,14-PGJ2
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.00036 mM
0.017
2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde
Rattus norvegicus
-
1 h incubation with recombinant TrxR, in TE buffer, at 25°C
0.0636
2-benzyloxycinnamaldehyde
Rattus norvegicus
-
1 h incubation with recombinant TrxR, in TE buffer, at 25°C
0.0253
2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
Rattus norvegicus
-
1 h incubation with recombinant TrxR, in TE buffer, at 25°C
0.000146
2-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione
Rattus norvegicus
-
in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 22°C
0.1
2-pentoxycinnamaldehyde
Rattus norvegicus
-
1 h incubation with recombinant TrxR, in TE buffer, at 25°C
0.02
3,4-estronequinone
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.032 mM, IC50: 0.02 mM
0.0083
3-(4-[[2-(1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)propanoic acid
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.0098
3-(4-[[6-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]sulfonyl]phenyl)propanoic acid
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.0065
4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.0761
4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.1043
4-(1-benzothien-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.0063
4-(5-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.0038
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.005-0.025 mM, IC50: 0.0038 mM, irreversible inhibition
0.0029
4-hydroxy-4-[1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.012
4-hydroxynonenal
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.012 mM
0.0027
4-[6-fluoro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.5, determined after 60 min incubation of recombinant rat TrxR with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as substrate, irreversible
0.007
5-fluoro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
Rattus norvegicus
-
1 h incubation with recombinant TrxR, in TE buffer, at 25°C
0.000082
5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[1-oxo-2-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)ethyl]indole-4,7-dione
Rattus norvegicus
-
in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 22°C
0.2
aloe emodin
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
aloin A
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
anthrone
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.00023
chloro[N(4)-ortho-chlorophenyl-2-acetylpyridinethiosemicarbazonato]gold(III)dichloroaurate(I)
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.0, 37°C
0.181
chrysophanol
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.0036
curcumin
Rattus norvegicus
-
IC50: 0.0036 mM
0.00016
dichloro[N(4)-ortho-chlorophenyl-2-acetylpyridinethiosemicarbazonato]antimony(III)
Rattus norvegicus
-
pH 7.0, 37°C
0.2
frangulin A
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.049
hypericin
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.513
leukotriene A4 methyl ester
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.513 mM
0.62
myricetin
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.05 mM, strong inhibitory effect, IC50: 0.62 mM
0.132
physcion
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.068
Prostaglandin A2
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.06 mM, IC50: 0.068 mM
0.0079
pseudohypericin
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.97
quercetin
Rattus norvegicus
-
0.05 mM, strong inhibitory effect, IC50: 0.97 mM
0.123
Rhein
Rattus norvegicus
isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
sennoside A
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
sennoside B
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.2
skyrin glucoside
Rattus norvegicus
IC50 above 0.2 mM, isoform TrxR2, at 25°C in 0.2 M Na, K-phosphate buffer (pH 7.4)
0.0036
trans,trans-curcumin
Rattus norvegicus
-
IC50: 0.0036 mM, irreversible inhibition after incubation at room temperature for 2 h in vitro
0.0713
trans-cinnamaldehyde
Rattus norvegicus
-
1 h incubation with recombinant TrxR, in TE buffer, at 25°C
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Luthman, M.; Holmgren, A.
Rat liver thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: purification and characterization
Biochemistry
21
6628-6633
1982
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Larsson, A.
Thioredoxin reductase from rat liver
Eur. J. Biochem.
35
346-349
1973
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Zhong, L.; Holmgren, A.
Essential role of selenium in the catalytic activities of mammalian thioredoxin reductase revealed by characterization of recombinant enzymes with selenocysteine mutations
J. Biol. Chem.
275
18121-18128
2000
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Sun, Q.A.; Zappacosta, F.; Factor, V.M.; Wirth, P.J.; Hatfield, D.L.; Gladyshev, V.N.
Heterogeneity within animal thioredoxin reductases. Evidence for alternative first exon splicing
J. Biol. Chem.
276
3106-3114
2001
Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila melanogaster (P91938), Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens (Q9NNW7), Mus musculus, Mus musculus (Q9JMH6), Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Xia, L.; Nordman, T.; Olsson, J.M.; Damdimopoulos, A.; Bjorkhem-Bergman, L.; Nalvarte, I.; Eriksson, L.C.; Arner, E.S.; Spyrou, G.; Bjornstedt, M.
The mammalian cytosolic selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase reduces ubiquinone. A novel mechanism for defense against oxidative stress
J. Biol. Chem.
278
2141-2146
2003
Bos taurus, Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Lu, J.; Papp, L.V.; Fang, J.; Rodriguez-Nieto, S.; Zhivotovsky, B.; Holmgren, A.
Inhibition of Mammalian thioredoxin reductase by some flavonoids: implications for myricetin and quercetin anticancer activity
Cancer Res.
66
4410-4418
2006
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Cassidy, P.B.; Edes, K.; Nelson, C.C.; Parsawar, K.; Fitzpatrick, F.A.; Moos, P.J.
Thioredoxin reductase is required for the inactivation of tumor suppressor p53 and for apoptosis induced by endogenous electrophiles
Carcinogenesis
27
2538-2549
2006
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Johansson, L.; Arscott, L.D.; Ballou, D.P.; Williams, C.H.; Arner, E.S.
Studies of an active site mutant of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase: the Ser-Cys-Cys-Ser motif of the insect orthologue is not sufficient to replace the Cys-Sec dyad in the mammalian enzyme
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
41
649-656
2006
Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Fang, J.; Holmgren, A.
Inhibition of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in vitro and in vivo
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
128
1879-1885
2006
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Fang, J.; Lu, J.; Holmgren, A.
Thioredoxin reductase is irreversibly modified by curcumin: a novel molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity
J. Biol. Chem.
280
25284-25290
2005
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Omata, Y.; Folan, M.; Shaw, M.; Messer, R.L.; Lockwood, P.E.; Hobbs, D.; Bouillaguet, S.; Sano, H.; Lewis, J.B.; Wataha, J.C.
Sublethal concentrations of diverse gold compounds inhibit mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1)
Toxicol. In Vitro
20
882-890
2006
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Crosley, L.K.; Meplan, C.; Nicol, F.; Rundloef, A.K.; Arner, E.S.; Hesketh, J.E.; Arthur, J.R.
Differential regulation of expression of cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in rat liver and kidney
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
459
178-188
2007
Rattus norvegicus (O89049), Rattus norvegicus Rowett (O89049)
brenda
Conterato, G.M.; Augusti, P.R.; Somacal, S.; Einsfeld, L.; Sobieski, R.; Torres, J.R.; Emanuelli, T.
Effect of lead acetate on cytosolic thioredoxin reductase activity and oxidative stress parameters in rat kidneys
Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol.
101
96-100
2007
Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Seyfried, J.; Wuellner, U.
Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase induces apoptosis in neuronal cell lines: role of glutathione and the MKK4/JNK pathway
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
359
759-764
2007
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Inarrea, P.; Moini, H.; Han, D.; Rettori, D.; Aguilo, I.; Alava, M.A.; Iturralde, M.; Cadenas, E.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain and thioredoxin reductase regulate intermembrane Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity: implications for mitochondrial energy metabolism and apoptosis
Biochem. J.
405
173-179
2007
Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Park, S.M.; Jung, J.S.; Jang, M.S.; Kang, K.S.; Kang, S.K.
Transforming growth factor-beta1 regulates the fate of cultured spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells
Cell Prolif.
41
248-264
2008
Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Chew, E.H.; Lu, J.; Bradshaw, T.D.; Holmgren, A.
Thioredoxin reductase inhibition by antitumor quinols: a quinol pharmacophore effect correlating to antiproliferative activity
FASEB J.
22
2072-2083
2008
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Trandafir, F.; Hoogewijs, D.; Altieri, F.; Rivetti di Val Cervo, P.; Ramser, K.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Vanfleteren, J.R.; Moens, L.; Dewilde, S.
Neuroglobin and cytoglobin as potential enzyme or substrate
Gene
398
103-113
2007
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Cumming, R.C.; Dargusch, R.; Fischer, W.H.; Schubert, D.
Increase in expression levels and resistance to sulfhydryl oxidation of peroxiredoxin isoforms in amyloid beta-resistant nerve cells
J. Biol. Chem.
282
30523-30534
2007
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Mura, P.; Camalli, M.; Bindoli, A.; Sorrentino, F.; Casini, A.; Gabbiani, C.; Corsini, M.; Zanello, P.; Rigobello, M.P.; Messori, L.
Activity of rat cytosolic thioredoxin reductase is strongly decreased by trans-[bis(2-amino-5-methylthiazole)tetrachlororuthenate(III)]: first report of relevant thioredoxin reductase inhibition for a ruthenium compound
J. Med. Chem.
50
5871-5874
2007
Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Reyes, D.Y.; Zuber, P.
Activation of transcription initiation by Spx: formation of transcription complex and identification of a Cis-acting element required for transcriptional activation
Mol. Microbiol.
69
765-779
2008
Rattus norvegicus (O89049), Homo sapiens (Q16881)
brenda
Anestal, K.; Prast-Nielsen, S.; Cenas, N.; Arner, E.S.
Cell death by SecTRAPs: thioredoxin reductase as a prooxidant killer of cells
PLoS ONE
3
e1846
2008
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Lacey, B.M.; Eckenroth, B.E.; Flemer, S.; Hondal, R.J.
Selenium in thioredoxin reductase: a mechanistic perspective
Biochemistry
47
12810-12821
2008
Anopheles gambiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Rengby, O.; Cheng, Q.; Vahter, M.; Joernvall, H.; Arner, E.S.
Highly active dimeric and low-activity tetrameric forms of selenium-containing rat thioredoxin reductase 1
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
46
893-904
2009
Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Eriksson, S.E.; Prast-Nielsen, S.; Flaberg, E.; Szekely, L.; Arner, E.S.
High levels of thioredoxin reductase 1 modulate drug-specific cytotoxic efficacy
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
47
1661-1671
2009
Rattus norvegicus (O89049), Homo sapiens (Q16881), Homo sapiens
brenda
Chew, E.H.; Nagle, A.A.; Zhang, Y.; Scarmagnani, S.; Palaniappan, P.; Bradshaw, T.D.; Holmgren, A.; Westwell, A.D.
Cinnamaldehydes inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce Nrf2: potential candidates for cancer therapy and chemoprevention
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
48
98-111
2010
Escherichia coli, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Cheng, Q.; Sandalova, T.; Lindqvist, Y.; Arner, E.S.
Crystal structure and catalysis of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1
J. Biol. Chem.
284
3998-4008
2009
Rattus norvegicus (O89049)
brenda
Hondal, R.J.; Ruggles, E.L.
Differing views of the role of selenium in thioredoxin reductase
Amino Acids
41
73-89
2011
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Holmgren, A.; Lu, J.
Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: current research with special reference to human disease
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
396
120-124
2010
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Turanov, A.A.; Kehr, S.; Marino, S.M.; Yoo, M.H.; Carlson, B.A.; Hatfield, D.L.; Gladyshev, V.N.
Mammalian thioredoxin reductase 1: roles in redox homoeostasis and characterization of cellular targets
Biochem. J.
430
285-293
2010
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus (O89049), Homo sapiens (Q16881)
brenda
Singh, D.V.; Misra, K.
Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: a receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site
Bioinformation
4
187-192
2009
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Sorrentino, F.; Karioti, A.; Gratteri, P.; Rigobello, M.P.; Scutari, G.; Messori, L.; Bindoli, A.; Chioccioli, M.; Gabbiani, C.; Bergonzi, M.C.; Bilia, A.R.
Hypericins and thioredoxin reductase: Biochemical and docking studies disclose the molecular basis for effective inhibition by naphthodianthrones
Bioorg. Med. Chem.
19
631-641
2011
Rattus norvegicus (O89049), Rattus norvegicus (Q9Z0J5)
brenda
Carvalho, C.M.; Lu, J.; Zhang, X.; Arner, E.S.; Holmgren, A.
Effects of selenite and chelating agents on mammalian thioredoxin reductase inhibited by mercury: implications for treatment of mercury poisoning
FASEB J.
25
370-381
2011
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Prast-Nielsen, S.; Cebula, M.; Pader, I.; Arner, E.S.
Noble metal targeting of thioredoxin reductase--covalent complexes with thioredoxin and thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kDa triggered by cisplatin
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
49
1765-1778
2010
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Mandal, P.K.; Seiler, A.; Perisic, T.; Koelle, P.; Banjac Canak, A.; Foerster, H.; Weiss, N.; Kremmer, E.; Lieberman, M.W.; Bannai, S.; Kuhlencordt, P.; Sato, H.; Bornkamm, G.W.; Conrad, M.
System x(c)- and thioredoxin reductase 1 cooperatively rescue glutathione deficiency
J. Biol. Chem.
285
22244-22253
2010
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Rigobello, M.P.; Bindoli, A.
Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase purification, inhibitor studies, and role in cell signaling
Methods Enzymol.
474
109-122
2010
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Turanov, A.A.; Hatfield, D.L.; Gladyshev, V.N.
Characterization of protein targets of mammalian thioredoxin reductases
Methods Enzymol.
474
245-254
2010
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Yan, C.; Shieh, B.; Reigan, P.; Zhang, Z.; Colucci, M.A.; Chilloux, A.; Newsome, J.J.; Siegel, D.; Chan, D.; Moody, C.J.; Ross, D.
Potent activity of indolequinones against human pancreatic cancer: identification of thioredoxin reductase as a potential target
Mol. Pharmacol.
76
163-172
2009
Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
de Freitas, A.S.; Rocha, J.B.
Diphenyl diselenide and analogs are substrates of cerebral rat thioredoxin reductase: a pathway for their neuroprotective effects
Neurosci. Lett.
503
1-5
2011
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Parrilha, G.L.; Ferraz, K.S.; Lessa, J.A.; de Oliveira, K.N.; Rodrigues, B.L.; Ramos, J.P.; Souza-Fagundes, E.M.; Ott, I.; Beraldo, H.
Metal complexes with 2-acetylpyridine-N(4)-orthochlorophenylthiosemicarbazone cytotoxicity and effect on the enzymatic activity of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase
Eur. J. Med. Chem.
84
537-544
2014
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Pirazzini, M.; Bordin, F.; Rossetto, O.; Shone, C.; Binz, T.; Montecucco, C.
The thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin system is involved in the entry of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins in the cytosol of nerve terminals
FEBS Lett.
587
150-155
2013
Rattus norvegicus
brenda