5.1.3.11: cellobiose epimerase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cellobiose epimerase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.1.3.11
-
5.1.3.11
-
synthesis
-
epimerization
-
lactulose
-
caldicellulosiruptor
-
saccharolyticus
-
isomerization
-
d-glucose
-
ruminococcus
-
albus
-
prebiotic
-
d-mannose
-
marinus
-
turgidum
-
rhodothermus
-
nutrition
-
dictyoglomus
-
mannans
-
food industry
-
n-acyl-d-glucosamine
-
epimerizes
-
isomerizes
-
cello-oligosaccharides
-
spirochaeta
-
pharmacology
- 5.1.3.11
- synthesis
-
epimerization
- lactulose
- caldicellulosiruptor
- saccharolyticus
-
isomerization
- d-glucose
- ruminococcus
- albus
-
prebiotic
- d-mannose
- marinus
- turgidum
-
rhodothermus
- nutrition
-
dictyoglomus
- mannans
- food industry
- n-acyl-d-glucosamine
-
epimerizes
-
isomerizes
- cello-oligosaccharides
-
spirochaeta
- pharmacology
Reaction
Synonyms
B15CE, BfCE, BN699_02313, Caob-CE, CE-NE1, ce13, cellobiose 2-epimerase, CS-HRCE, Csac_0294, CsCE, CvCE, DfCE, Dfer_1975, DsCE, DtCE, Dtur_0652, EcCE, EpiA, epilactose-producing cellobiose 2-epimerase, Epimerase, cellobiose, FbCE, FjCE, Fjoh_4956, HaCE, Haur_0887, mannobiose 2-epimerase, md1, md2, PhCE, Phep_3983, RACE, Rmar_2439, RmCE, SdCE, Sde_0508, SlCE, Slin_0271, Spith_0082, StCE, STHERM_c00950, TERTU_4095, Thsa-CE, TtCE
ECTree
5.1.3.11 cellobiose epimeraseAdvanced search results
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results (Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 5.1.3.11 - cellobiose epimerase
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SUBSTRATE 
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 lactose
lactulose + epilactose
the yields of lactulose and epilactose catalyzed by the wild-type enzyme reaches around 57% and 16%, respectively, after 4 h
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
beta-mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
putative product
-
r
cellotetraose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-D-mannose
the enzyme is found to 2-epimerize the reducing terminal glucose moieties of cellotriose and cellotetraose in addition to cellobiose
-
-
?
cellotetraose
beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellotriose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-D-mannose
the enzyme is found to 2-epimerize the reducing terminal glucose moieties of cellotriose and cellotetraose in addition to cellobiose
-
-
?
cellotriose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
-
?
cellotriose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellotriose
beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
globotriose
O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-D-mannose
-
putative product
-
r
maltotriose
4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
-
?
maltotriose
4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
mannose
D-glucose + D-fructose
-
the enzyme exhibits the highest isomerization activity for mannose among monosaccharides
-
-
?
mannotriose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-D-mannose
4-O-beta-D-galactosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-D-mannose
4-O-beta-D-galactosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-D-mannose
cellobiose
-
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
-
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
best substrate
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
-
-
-
r
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 / DSM 2151 / JCM 11019 / NCTC 9343
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Dictyoglomus turgidum Z-1310 / DSM 6724
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Dyadobacter fermentans ATCC 700827 / DSM 18053 / NS114
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Flavobacterium johnsoniae ATCC 17061 / DSM 2064 / UW101
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Herpetosiphon aurantiacus ATCC 23779 / DSM 785
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Pedobacter heparinus ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 / ATCC 43961 / DSM 17024
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Spirochaeta thermophila ATCC 49972 / DSM 6192 / RI 19.B1
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Spirochaeta thermophila ATCC 700085 / DSM 6578 / Z-1203
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Spirosoma linguale ATCC 33905 / DSM 74 / LMG 10896
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
Teredinibacter turnerae ATCC 39867 / T7901
-
-
-
?
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
beta-1,4-mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
-
-
r
beta-1,4-mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
-
-
-
r
beta-1,4-mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
best substrate
-
-
r
beta-1,4-mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485 / DSM 8691
best substrate
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 / DSM 2151 / JCM 11019 / NCTC 9343
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
preferred substrate
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis ATCC BAA-2073 / strain OB47
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis ATCC BAA-2073 / strain OB47
preferred substrate
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
the enzyme activity is approximately 100fold higher for cellobiose than for D-glucose
-
-
?
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
i.e. 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Cellulosilyticum lentocellum ATCC 49066 / DSM 5427 / NCIMB 11756 / RHM5
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Dyadobacter fermentans ATCC 700827 / DSM 18053 / NS114
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Flavobacterium johnsoniae ATCC 17061 / DSM 2064 / UW101
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Herpetosiphon aurantiacus ATCC 23779 / DSM 785
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Pedobacter heparinus ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
binding structure, overview
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
at equilibrium the enzymic interconversion favors the cellobiose configuration
-
?
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
the enzyme is found to 2-epimerize the reducing terminal glucose moieties of cellotriose and cellotetraose in addition to cellobiose
-
-
?
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
cellobiose 2-epimerase catalyzes a hydroxyl stereoisomerism at C-2 of the reducing terminal glucose moiety
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 / ATCC 43961 / DSM 17024
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
i.e. 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Spirochaeta thermophila ATCC 49972 / DSM 6192 / RI 19.B1
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Spirochaeta thermophila ATCC 700085 / DSM 6578 / Z-1203
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Spirochaeta thermophila DSM 6724
i.e. 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Spirosoma linguale ATCC 33905 / DSM 74 / LMG 10896
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485 / DSM 8691
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
(beta1,4)
-
-
r
cellobiose
4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
(beta1,4), best substrate of md2
-
-
r
epilactose
lactose
lactose production occurs earlier and faster than lactulose production. The lactose content decreases after an initial increase. Simultaneously, the epilactose content decreases rapidly during this first part of the conversion to about 26%. Therefore, 20 min into the conversion of epilactose as a starting substrate, an inversion of the amounts of the two sugars occurr, resulting in about 26% epilactose and 66% lactose
-
-
r
epilactose
lactose
lactose production occurs earlier and faster than lactulose production. The lactose content decreases after an initial increase. Simultaneously,the epilactose content decreases rapidly during this first part of the conversion to about 26%. Therefore, 20 min into the conversion of epilactose as a starting substrate, an inversion of the amounts of the two sugars occurrs, resulting in about 26% epilactose and 66% lactose
-
-
r
epilactose
lactose
lactose production occurs earlier and faster than lactulose production. The lactose content decreases after an initial increase. Simultaneously,the epilactose content decreases rapidly during this first part of the conversion to about 26%. Therefore, 20 min into the conversion of epilactose as a starting substrate, an inversion of the amounts of the two sugars occurrs, resulting in about 26% epilactose and 66% lactose
-
-
r
epilactose
lactose
i.e. 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
-
r
epilactose
lactulose
lactose production occurs earlier and faster than lactulose production. The lactose content decreases after an initial increase. Simultaneously,the epilactose content decreases rapidly during this first part of the conversion to about 26%. Therefore, 20 min into the conversion of epilactose as a starting substrate, an inversion of the amounts of the two sugars occurr, resulting in about 26% epilactose and 66% lactose
-
-
r
epilactose
lactulose
lactose production occurs earlier and faster than lactulose production. The lactose content decreases after an initial increase. Simultaneously,the epilactose content decreases rapidly during this first part of the conversion to about 26%. Therefore, 20 min into the conversion of epilactose as a starting substrate, an inversion of the amounts of the two sugars occurrs, resulting in about 26% epilactose and 66% lactose
-
-
r
epilactose
lactulose
lactose production occurs earlier and faster than lactulose production. The lactose content decreases after an initial increase. Simultaneously,the epilactose content decreases rapidly during this first part of the conversion to about 26%. Therefore, 20 min into the conversion of epilactose as a starting substrate, an inversion of the amounts of the two sugars occurrs, resulting in about 26% epilactose and 66% lactose
-
-
r
lactose
4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-mannose
-
i.e. epilactose
-
?
lactose
epilactose
the epimerisation and, therefore, the production of epilactose can be seen to occure arlier and faster than the production of lactulose. After reaching a maximal ratio of about 28% after 10 min, the epilactose content decreases and so does the lactose content, while the lactulose content increases over the course of the whole conversion. The conversion reaches an apparent steady state with apparent final sugar ratios of 55.0% lactulose, 14.6% epilactose and 30.4% lactose
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
the yields of lactulose and epilactose catalyzed by the wild-type enzyme reaches around 57% and 16%, respectively, after 4 h. The concentration of lactulose catalyzed by mutant enzyme R5M/A12S/I52V/F231L/K328I rapidly increases from 0 min to 90 min and then increases gradually to the steady-state level with a yield of lactulose up to approximately 76%. No obvious epilactose is detected at any time
-
-
?
lactose
epilactose
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
-
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
-
-
-
?
lactose
epilactose
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
-
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
the epimerisation and, therefore, the production of epilactose can be seen to occure arlier and faster than the production of lactulose. After reaching a maximal ratio of about 28% after 10 min, the epilactose content decreases and so does the lactose content, while the lactulose content increases over the course of the whole conversion. The conversion reaches an apparent steady state with apparent final sugar ratios of 54.4% lactulose, 14.8% epilactose and 30.8% lactose
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
the epimerisation and, therefore, the production of epilactose can be seen to occure arlier and faster than the production of lactulose. After reaching a maximal ratio of about 28% after 10 min, the epilactose content decreases and so does the lactose content, while the lactulose content increases over the course of the whole conversion. The conversion reaches an apparent steady state with apparent final sugar ratios of 54.4% lactulose, 14.8% epilactose and 30.8% lactose
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
Pedobacter heparinus ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3
-
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
enzyme reaction assay with immobilized enzyme
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
enzyme reaction assay with immobilized enzyme
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
i.e. 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
Spirochaeta thermophila DSM 6724
i.e. 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
at pH 7.0 and 60°C, 50 mM epilactose is produced from 200 mM lactose by a 600 nM of enzyme concentration after reaction for 4 h
-
-
r
lactose
epilactose
Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485 / DSM 8691
at pH 7.0 and 60°C, 50 mM epilactose is produced from 200 mM lactose by a 600 nM of enzyme concentration after reaction for 4 h
-
-
r
lactose
lactulose
when lactose is used as substrate, epilactose is rapidly produced in a short period, and afterwards both epilactose and lactose are steadily isomerised to lactulose, with a final ratio of 35:11:54 for lactose:epilactose:lactulose
-
-
r
lactose
lactulose
Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis ATCC BAA-2073 / strain OB47
when lactose is used as substrate, epilactose is rapidly produced in a short period, and afterwards both epilactose and lactose are steadily isomerised to lactulose, with a final ratio of 35:11:54 for lactose:epilactose:lactulose
-
-
r
lactose
lactulose
cellobiose 2-epimerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus can be used in the presence of borate for the production of lactulose from lactose, method development, overview
-
-
?
lactose
lactulose
the epimerisation and, therefore, the production of epilactose can be seen to occure earlier and faster than the production of lactulose. After reaching a maximal ratio of about 28% after 10 min, the epilactose content decreases and so does the lactose content, while the lactulose content increases over the course of the whole conversion. The conversion reaches an apparent steady state with apparent final sugar ratios of 55.0% lactulose, 14.6% epilactose and 30.4% lactose
-
-
r
lactose
lactulose
the yields of lactulose and epilactose catalyzed by the wild-type enzyme reaches around 57% and 16%, respectively, after 4 h. The concentration of lactulose catalyzed by mutant enzyme R5M/A12S/I52V/F231L/K328I rapidly increases from 0 min to 90 min and then increases gradually to the steady-state level with a yield of lactulose up to approximately 76%. No obvious epilactose is detected at any time
-
-
?
lactose
lactulose
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
-
-
-
?, r
lactose
lactulose
the epimerisation and, therefore, the production of epilactose can be seen to occure arlier and faster than the production of lactulose. After reaching a maximal ratio of about 28% after 10 min, the epilactose content decreases and so does the lactose content, while the lactulose content increases over the course of the whole conversion. The conversion reaches an apparent steady state with apparent final sugar ratios of 54.4% lactulose, 14.8% epilactose and 30.8% lactose
-
-
r
lactose
lactulose
the epimerisation and, therefore, the production of epilactose can be seen to occure arlier and faster than the production of lactulose. After reaching a maximal ratio of about 28% after 10 min, the epilactose content decreases and so does the lactose content, while the lactulose content increases over the course of the whole conversion. The conversion reaches an apparent steady state with apparent final sugar ratios of 54.4% lactulose, 14.8% epilactose and 30.8% lactose
-
-
r
maltose
4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
i.e.4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
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r
mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
i.e 4-O-b-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannose
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r
mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
i.e 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannose
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r
mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
(beta1,4)
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r
mannobiose
4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucose
(beta1,4), best substrate of md1
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r
additional information
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recombinant enzyme catalyzes a hydroxyl stereoisomerism at the C2-positions of the reducing terminal glucose and at the mannose moiety of cello-oligosaccharides: lactose, beta-mannobiose and globotriose
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additional information
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recombinant enzyme catalyzes a hydroxyl stereoisomerism at the C2-positions of the reducing terminal glucose and at the mannose moiety of cello-oligosaccharides: lactose, beta-mannobiose and globotriose
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 / DSM 2151 / JCM 11019 / NCTC 9343
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the recombinant enzyme shows both epimerisation and isomerisation activities against lactose
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additional information
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the recombinant enzyme shows both epimerisation and isomerisation activities against lactose
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additional information
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Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis ATCC BAA-2073 / strain OB47
the recombinant enzyme shows both epimerisation and isomerisation activities against lactose
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additional information
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the enzyme is not active for N-acyl-D-glucosamine
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additional information
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enzyme CsCE not only has the ability to convert lactose into lactulose, but can also epimerise lactose into epilactose. A Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer system results in the highest lactulose conversion yield and the lowest epilactose production
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additional information
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the concentration of lactulose catalyzed by mutant G4-C5 rapidly increases from 0 min to 90 min and then increased gradually to the steady-state level with a yield of lactulose up to approximately 76%. No obvious epilactose is detected at any time intervals with mutant G4-C5 (R5M/I52V/A12S/K328I/F231L)
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additional information
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the concentration of lactulose catalyzed by mutant G4-C5 rapidly increases from 0 min to 90 min and then increased gradually to the steady-state level with a yield of lactulose up to approximately 76%. No obvious epilactose is detected at any time intervals with mutant G4-C5 (R5M/I52V/A12S/K328I/F231L)
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus ATCC 43494 / DSM 8903 / Tp8T 6331
enzyme CsCE not only has the ability to convert lactose into lactulose, but can also epimerise lactose into epilactose. A Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer system results in the highest lactulose conversion yield and the lowest epilactose production
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additional information
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epiA has been assigned to encode an epimerase for converting D-mannose to D-glucose, even though the amino acid sequence of EpiA is similar to that of cellobiose 2-epimerases (CEs). Recombinant EpiA catalyzes the epimerization of the 2-OH group of sugar residue at the reducing end of cellobiose, lactose, and beta-(1->4)-mannobiose in a similar manner to other CEs. The reaction efficiency of EpiA for beta-(1->4)-mannobiose is 55000fold higher than it is for D-mannose. Recombinant EpiA does not act on any of the other disaccharides tested, i.e. maltose, isomaltose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, and beta-(1->4)-xylobiose. Recombinant EpiA shows a significant preference for disaccharides over D-mannose. EpiA has high epimerization activity to beta-(1->4)-linked disaccharides, and beta-(1->4)-mannobiose is the best substrate among beta-(1->4)-linked disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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epiA has been assigned to encode an epimerase for converting D-mannose to D-glucose, even though the amino acid sequence of EpiA is similar to that of cellobiose 2-epimerases (CEs). Recombinant EpiA catalyzes the epimerization of the 2-OH group of sugar residue at the reducing end of cellobiose, lactose, and beta-(1->4)-mannobiose in a similar manner to other CEs. The reaction efficiency of EpiA for beta-(1->4)-mannobiose is 55000fold higher than it is for D-mannose. Recombinant EpiA does not act on any of the other disaccharides tested, i.e. maltose, isomaltose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, and beta-(1->4)-xylobiose. Recombinant EpiA shows a significant preference for disaccharides over D-mannose. EpiA has high epimerization activity to beta-(1->4)-linked disaccharides, and beta-(1->4)-mannobiose is the best substrate among beta-(1->4)-linked disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes not only epimerization but also isomerization for beta-1,4- and alpha-1,4-gluco-oligosaccharides. No activity with trehalose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, or xylobiose
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes not only epimerization but also isomerization for beta-1,4- and alpha-1,4-gluco-oligosaccharides. No activity with trehalose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, or xylobiose
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additional information
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Dictyoglomus turgidum Z-1310 / DSM 6724
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Dyadobacter fermentans ATCC 700827 / DSM 18053 / NS114
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme is capable of converting lactose to prebiotic epilactose not only in buffer but also in a complex milk system. No side products are detected other than epilactose
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additional information
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Flavobacterium johnsoniae ATCC 17061 / DSM 2064 / UW101
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Flavobacterium johnsoniae ATCC 17061 / DSM 2064 / UW101
the enzyme is capable of converting lactose to prebiotic epilactose not only in buffer but also in a complex milk system. No side products are detected other than epilactose
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?
additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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?
additional information
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Herpetosiphon aurantiacus ATCC 23779 / DSM 785
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme is capable of converting lactose to prebiotic epilactose not only in buffer but also in a complex milk system. No side products are detected other than epilactose
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additional information
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Pedobacter heparinus ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Pedobacter heparinus ATCC 13125 / DSM 2366 / CIP 104194 / JCM 7457 / NBRC 12017 / NCIMB 9290 / NRRL B-14731 / HIM 762-3
the enzyme is capable of converting lactose to prebiotic epilactose not only in buffer but also in a complex milk system. No side products are detected other than epilactose
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additional information
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cellobiose 2-epimerase reversibly converts alpha-glucose residue to alpha-mannose residue at the reducing end of beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides
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additional information
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cellobiose 2-epimerase reversibly converts alpha-glucose residue to alpha-mannose residue at the reducing end of beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides
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additional information
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cellobiose 2-epimerase reversibly converts D-glucose residues into D-mannose residues at the reducing end of unmodified beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides, including beta-1,4-mannobiose, cellobiose, and lactose
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additional information
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cellobiose 2-epimerase reversibly converts D-glucose residues into D-mannose residues at the reducing end of unmodified beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides, including beta-1,4-mannobiose, cellobiose, and lactose
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additional information
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substrate specificity, overview. No activity with glucose, galactose, mannose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, maltose. Cellobiose 2-epimerase efficiently produces epilactose carrying prebiotic properties from lactose. The enzyme shows preference for lactose compared to cellobiose
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additional information
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substrate specificity, overview. No activity with glucose, galactose, mannose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, maltose. Cellobiose 2-epimerase efficiently produces epilactose carrying prebiotic properties from lactose. The enzyme shows preference for lactose compared to cellobiose
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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cellobiose 2-epimerase reversibly converts alpha-glucose residue to alpha-mannose residue at the reducing end of beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides
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additional information
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cellobiose 2-epimerase reversibly converts alpha-glucose residue to alpha-mannose residue at the reducing end of beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides
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additional information
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substrate specificity, overview. No activity with glucose, galactose, mannose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, maltose. Cellobiose 2-epimerase efficiently produces epilactose carrying prebiotic properties from lactose. The enzyme shows preference for lactose compared to cellobiose
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additional information
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substrate specificity, overview. No activity with glucose, galactose, mannose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, maltose. Cellobiose 2-epimerase efficiently produces epilactose carrying prebiotic properties from lactose. The enzyme shows preference for lactose compared to cellobiose
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additional information
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no substrates: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose, D-glucose 6-phosphate, maltose, sophorose, laminaribiose, and gentiobiose
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additional information
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cellobiose 2-epimerase catalyzes interconversion between D-glucose and D-mannose residues at the reducing end of beta-1,4-linked oligosaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Cellobiose isomerase is the sole enzyme catalyzing the epimerization of oligosaccharides among known carbohydrate isomerases/epimerases. The enzyme also has epimerization activity toward cellotriose, cellotetraose, lactose, and beta-(1->4)-mannobiose (Manbeta1->4Man). beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose, beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose, epilactose [beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose], and beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose (Manbeta1->4Glc) are generated from cellotriose, cellotetraose, lactose, and Manbeta1->4Man, respectively. In the reactions with lactose and cellobiose, the conversion levels of epilactose and Glcbeta1->4Man are both approximately 30%. Among beta-(1->4)-linked disaccharides, Manbeta1->4Man is the best substrate for RaCE in terms of catalytic efficiency. No epimerization activity of RaCE is detectable toward monosaccharides (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, uridine 5'-diphosphate-D-glucose, D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-glucose, and D-mannose) or glucobioses linked other than by a beta-(1->4)-linkage [e.g. maltose: alpha-(1->4)-linkage, sophorose: beta-(1->2)-linkage, laminaribiose: beta-(1->3)-linkage, or gentiobiose: beta-(1->6)-linkage]. Thus enzyme RaCE is highly specific to a beta-(1->4)-linkage at the reducing end of substrates, but can catalyze the conversion of substrates with a D-glucosyl, D-mannosyl, or D-galactosyl residue next to the reducing end sugar residue
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 / ATCC 43961 / DSM 17024
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme exhibits a higher epimerization activity for mannose or the mannose moiety at the reducing end of beta- and alpha-1,4-glycosylmannose than for glucose or the glucose moiety of beta- and alpha-1,4-glycosyl-glucose
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additional information
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the enzyme exhibits a higher epimerization activity for mannose or the mannose moiety at the reducing end of beta- and alpha-1,4-glycosylmannose than for glucose or the glucose moiety of beta- and alpha-1,4-glycosyl-glucose
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additional information
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Spirochaeta thermophila ATCC 49972 / DSM 6192 / RI 19.B1
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Spirochaeta thermophila ATCC 700085 / DSM 6578 / Z-1203
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Spirochaeta thermophila DSM 6724
the enzyme exhibits a higher epimerization activity for mannose or the mannose moiety at the reducing end of beta- and alpha-1,4-glycosylmannose than for glucose or the glucose moiety of beta- and alpha-1,4-glycosyl-glucose
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Spirosoma linguale ATCC 33905 / DSM 74 / LMG 10896
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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Teredinibacter turnerae ATCC 39867 / T7901
the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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additional information
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no activity with N-acyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucose
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additional information
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Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum JW/SL-YS485 / DSM 8691
no activity with N-acyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucose
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additional information
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substrate specificitiy of mD1 toward beta-linked disaccharides, overview. The enzyme is active on mannobiose (beta-1,4), cellobiose (beta-1,4), lactose (beta-1,4), and epilactose (beta-1,4), but not on laminaribiose (beta-1,3), gentiobiose (beta-1,6), and xylobiose (beta-1,4). No epimerization activity toward monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose, and GlcNAc and alpha-linked disaccharides such as trehalose (alpha-1,1), kojibiose (alpha-1,2), nigerose (alpha-1,3), maltose (alpha-1,4), sucrose (alpha-1,4), and melibiose (alpha-1,6). Enzyme mD1 favors mannobiose over cellobiose for catalysis
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additional information
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substrate specificitiy of mD1 toward beta-linked disaccharides, overview. The enzyme is active on mannobiose (beta-1,4), cellobiose (beta-1,4), lactose (beta-1,4), and epilactose (beta-1,4), but not on laminaribiose (beta-1,3), gentiobiose (beta-1,6), and xylobiose (beta-1,4). No epimerization activity toward monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose, and GlcNAc and alpha-linked disaccharides such as trehalose (alpha-1,1), kojibiose (alpha-1,2), nigerose (alpha-1,3), maltose (alpha-1,4), sucrose (alpha-1,4), and melibiose (alpha-1,6). Enzyme mD1 favors mannobiose over cellobiose for catalysis
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additional information
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substrate specificitiy of mD1 toward beta-linked disaccharides, overview. The enzyme is active on mannobiose (beta-1,4), cellobiose (beta-1,4), lactose (beta-1,4), and epilactose (beta-1,4), but not on laminaribiose (beta-1,3), gentiobiose (beta-1,6), and xylobiose (beta-1,4). No epimerization activity toward monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose, and GlcNAc and alpha-linked disaccharides such as trehalose (alpha-1,1), kojibiose (alpha-1,2), nigerose (alpha-1,3), maltose (alpha-1,4), sucrose (alpha-1,4), and melibiose (alpha-1,6). Enzyme mD2 favors mannobiose over cellobiose for catalysis
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additional information
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substrate specificitiy of mD1 toward beta-linked disaccharides, overview. The enzyme is active on mannobiose (beta-1,4), cellobiose (beta-1,4), lactose (beta-1,4), and epilactose (beta-1,4), but not on laminaribiose (beta-1,3), gentiobiose (beta-1,6), and xylobiose (beta-1,4). No epimerization activity toward monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose, and GlcNAc and alpha-linked disaccharides such as trehalose (alpha-1,1), kojibiose (alpha-1,2), nigerose (alpha-1,3), maltose (alpha-1,4), sucrose (alpha-1,4), and melibiose (alpha-1,6). Enzyme mD2 favors mannobiose over cellobiose for catalysis
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additional information
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no substrates: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, UDP-glucose, D-glucose 6-phosphate, glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, sophorose, laminaribiose, and gentiobiose
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additional information
?
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no substrates: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, UDP-glucose, D-glucose 6-phosphate, glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, sophorose, laminaribiose, and gentiobiose
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of a D-glucose residue at the reducing end of cellobiose to a D-mannose residue, i.e. cellobiose is converted to beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-mannose. Enzyme cellobiose 2-epimerase, CE, is highly specific for disaccharides
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