EC Number   |
Recommended Name  |
Application |
|---|
    1.1.1.11 | D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
the gene can be expressed in agronomic plants to withstand abiotic stresses |
| 1.1.1.14 | L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase is less abundant in fruit treated with a ratio of red and blue light of 3:1 than in control fruit. With the exception of xylose isomerase and L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase, genes exhibit very similar expression patterns between their mRNA and protein levels upon treatment with different light quality combinations |
| 1.1.1.17 | mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
Petunia hybrida (Hook) Vilm. cv. Mitchell is transformed with an Escherichia coli gene encoding mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase. The high-mannitol containing lines are more tolerant of chilling stress than the low mannitol containing transgenic lines and wild-type. In the higher mannitol lines only 0.04% to 0.06% of the total osmotic potential generated from all solutes can be attributed to mannitol, thus its action is more like that of an osmoprotectant rather than an osmoregulator. Metabolic engineering of osmoprotectant synthesis pathways can be used to improve stress tolerance in horticultural crops |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
gene GH2 can be useful in engineering of rice, to optimize the important crop plant |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
treament of leaves with cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor [[(2-hydroxyphenyl) amino]sulphinyl] acetic acid, 1.1 dimethyl ester has no effect on resistance against Puccinia hordei infection |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
treament of leaves with cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor [[(2-hydroxyphenyl) amino]sulphinyl] acetic acid, 1.1 dimethyl ester results in reduced penetration resistance against Puccinia hordei infection |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
putative single nucleotide polymorphisms can be developed as single nucleotide polymorphisms markers for quantitative trait loci detection in Acacia hybrid mapping populations after validation using segregation analysis. Selecting favourable alleles from progenies which produce desirable lignin profiles will be advantageous in tree breeding programmes for plantation establishment |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
cultivar My5514 is resistant to Sporisorium scitamineum, whereas B42231 is susceptible to the pathogen. Inoculation of sugarcane stems elicits lignification and produces significant increases of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Production of lignin increases about 29% in the resistant cultivar and only 13% in the susceptible cultivar after inoculation |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
cultivar My5514 is resistant to Sporisorium scitamineum, whereas B42231 is susceptible to the pathogen. Inoculation of sugarcane stems elicits lignification and produces significant increases of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Production of lignin increases about 29% in the resistant cultivar and only 13% in the susceptible cultivar after inoculation. The resistance of My5514 to Sporisorium scitamineum is likely derived, at least in part, to a marked increase of lignin concentration by the activation of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase and sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
maize brown midrib mutant plants, bm1, have reduced lignin content and offer significant advantages when used in silage and biofuel applications. Allele bm1-das1 contains an insertion, which results in a truncated protein of 48amino acids. The levels of cad2 mRNA in the midribs of bm1-das1 are reduced by 91%, leading to reductions in total lignin contents by 24% |
| 1.1.1.195 | cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
maize brown midrib mutant plants, bm1, have reduced lignin content and offer significant advantages when used in silage and biofuel applications. Allele bm1-ref contains a two-nucleotide insertion in the 3rd exon, which results in a truncated protein of 147 amino acids. The levels of cad2 mRNA in the midribs of bm1-ref are reduced by 86%, leading to reductions in total lignin contents by 30% |
| 1.1.1.2 | alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
agriculture |
detoxification of eutypine toxin from Eutypa lata, the causal agent of Eutypa dieback in the grapevine Vitis vinifera |
| 1.1.1.207 | (-)-menthol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
transcript level of menthol dehydrogenase/menthone reductase is highly upregulated in plants treated with calliterpenone, leading to increased content of menthone and menthol in oil |
| 1.1.1.207 | (-)-menthol dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
water stress decreases the gene expression levels of pulegone reductase and menthol dehydrogenase, but increases the expression of trans-isopiperitenol dehydrogenase, isopiperitenone reductase and menthofuran synthase. The most of essential oil components (menthol, menthofuran, and plugene) are positively correlated with genes expression. Drought stress induces increasing contents of pulegone and menthofuran and reduces menthol percentages |
| 1.1.1.216 | farnesol dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
agriculture |
recombinant farnesol dehydrogenase may provide a useful molecular tool in manipulating juvenile hormone biosynthesis to generate transgenic plants for pest control |
| 1.1.1.219 | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
agriculture |
flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase are expressed in progeny with colored tuber skin, while dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and flavonoid 3,5-hydroxylase are not expressed, and flavanone 3-hydroxylase is only weakly expressed, in progeny with white tuber skin. Expression is regulated by transcription factor Stan2 |
| 1.1.1.219 | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
agriculture |
genetic transformation of Melastoma malabathricum and Tibouchina semidecandra, with sense and antisense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes using the Agrobacterium-mediated method. Approximately 4.0% of shoots and 6.7% of nodes for Melastoma malabathricum regenerate after transforming with sense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene, whereas only 3.7% of shoots and 5.3% of nodes regenerate with antisense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene transformation. For the selection of Tibouchina semidecandra, 5.3% of shoots and 9.3% of nodes regenerate with sense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene transformation, while only 4.7% of shoots and 8.3% of nodes regenerate after being transformed with antisense dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene. The colour changes caused by transformation are observed at the budding stage of putative Tibouchina semidecandra transformants The production of four-petal flowers also indicates another morphological difference of putative Tibouchina semidecandra transformants from the wild type plants which produce five-petal flowers |
| 1.1.1.22 | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
changes in the mRNA level during peach fruit development correspond to changes in the amount of cell wall material and the cell wall uronic acid content. These are greater in the fruits of the commercial cultivars compared with the Japanese native peach cultivars, and the expression of enzyme is higher in the fruits of the commercial cultivars |
| 1.1.1.224 | mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase |
agriculture |
enzyme is a target for herbizide treatment |
| 1.1.1.224 | mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase |
agriculture |
transformation of mannose-6-phosphate reductase gene into Arabidopsis and tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Mannose-6-phosphate reductase can act as a selectable marker gene in either a positive or a negative selection mode depending on the plant species. On medium containing 2 g/l mannose, transgenic seeds germinate, whereas wild type seeds did not. Mannose at 30 g/l blanches leaf explants from all 29 transgenic tobacco events with mannose-6-phosphate reductase. In contrast, 30 g/l mannose does not inhibit shoot regeneration from leaf explants of wild-type or transgenic plants with either an antisense mannose-6-phosphate reductase or a plasmid control. Mannose at 30 g/l inhibits seed germination of transgenic tobacco seeds with mannose-6-phosphate reductase but not that of wild-type or transgenic tobacco with either the antisense mannose-6-phosphate reductase or the plasmid control |
| 1.1.1.25 | shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
agriculture |
the enzyme is a target for the development of herbicides and antimicrobial agents |
| 1.1.1.252 | tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase |
agriculture |
the effect of melanin inhibitors on the enzyme activity can be used to predict their effect in preventing rice blast disease |
| 1.1.1.252 | tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase |
agriculture |
loss of efficacy of tricyclazole for the control of rice blast disease in the field is not due to resistance to tricyclazole |
| 1.1.1.27 | L-lactate dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
L-leucine depletion decreases the proteins synthesis, and also decreases L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain mRNA expression in bovine mammary alveolar cells |
| 1.1.1.282 | quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
agriculture |
development of novel herbicides |
| 1.1.1.3 | homoserine dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
enzyme HSD is used in the development of pesticides |
| 1.1.1.37 | malate dehydrogenase |
agriculture |
swine respiratory pathogen is the etiological agent of Glaesser's disease, swine industry economic losses worldwide |
| 1.1.1.44 | phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP+-dependent, decarboxylating) |
agriculture |
when temperature-stable forms of of the enzyme (PGD1 and PGD2) are expressed in maize endosperm plastids, this increases enzyme activity and mitigates the reduction in grain yield that occurred in control plants exposed to elevated temperatures at night. This genetic improvement could be included as part of integrated approaches to mitigate yield losses due to climate change |
| 1.1.1.82 | malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) |
agriculture |
changes in malate concentration and activity of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase are the effect of Botrytis cinerea infection of C3 or CAM-performing Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants. Biotic stress applied on C3 plants leads to increase in malate concentration during the night and in consequence lead to increase in malate day/night fluctuations in infected leaves on the 2nd day post infection. It corresponds with induction of an additional isoform of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase, NADP-ME3. On the contrary, CAM-performing plants exhibit a decrease in malate concentration and a decay in its diurnal fluctuations as a reaction to Botrytis cinerea infection. This correlates with significant decrease in activities of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase isoforms |
| 1.1.1.94 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] |
agriculture |
in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines with a feedback-resistant glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia coli, feedback-resistant glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is detected in the cytosol, but augmented glycerol-3-phosphate levels are observed in the cytosol as well as in chloroplasts. Glycerolipid composition and fatty acid positional distribution analyses reveal an altered fatty acid flux that affects not only the molar ratios of glycerolipid species but also their fatty acid composition. Changes in glycerol-3-phosphate metabolism cause altered expression of a broad array of genes. Transcript levels of the enzymes involved in the prokaryotic pathway are mostly induced, whereas genes of the eukaryotic pathway enzymes are largely suppressed |
| 1.1.3.15 | (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase |
agriculture |
inoculation of plants with Pseudomonas syringae increases photorespiration rate and expression of glycolate oxidase (GOX2), serine glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGT) and serine hydroxyl methyltransferase (SHMT1). Silencing of GOX2, SGT or SHMT1 genes in tomato decreases photorespiration but increases susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae, whereas transient overexpression of GOX2, SGT or SHMT1 in tobacco increases basal defence. Salicylic acid signalling is involved in GOX2-mediated, SGT-mediated and SHMT1-mediated defence. H2O2 pretreatment remarkably alleviates the GOX2 silencing-induced depression in basal defence and salicylic acid signalling |
| 1.1.3.17 | choline oxidase |
agriculture |
transformation enables the plants to accumulate glycinebetaine in chloroplasts and significantly enhances the freezing tolerance of plants |
| 1.1.3.17 | choline oxidase |
agriculture |
introducing of the codA gene into a cereal crop allows the biosynthesis of glycinebetaine by transgenic plants without any need for an exogenous supply of choline or glycinebetaine aldehyde |
| 1.1.3.17 | choline oxidase |
agriculture |
expression of CodA in potato plastid genome results in much higher mRNA level of CodA in leaves than in tubers. Glycine betaine accumulates in similar levels in both leaves and tubers of CodA-transplastomic potato plants. The glycine betaine content is moderately increased in transgenic plants, and compartmentation of glycine betaine in plastids confers considerably higher tolerance to drought stress compared to wild-type plants, with higher levels of relative water content and chlorophyll content under drought stress. Transplastomic plants present a significantly higher photosynthetic performance as well as antioxidant enzyme activities during drought stress |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
agriculture |
the enzyme can be used as pest control agent against Ephestia kuehniella. The enzyme shows approximately similar damage on the Ephestia kuehniella midgut including rupture and disintegration of the epithelial layer and cellular vacuolization |
| 1.1.3.4 | glucose oxidase |
agriculture |
the enzyme shows antifungal activity. It could become a natural alternative to synthetic fungicides to control certain important plant microbial diseases. The enzyme displays a wide inhibitory spectrum toward different fungi at a concentration of 20 AU. It has a strong inhibitor effect on mycelia growth and spore germination of Pythium ultimum |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
agriculture |
strain A19249, enzyme exhibits a potent insecticidal activity |
| 1.1.3.6 | cholesterol oxidase |
agriculture |
recombinant expression in plants gives insect resistance |
| 1.10.3.1 | catechol oxidase |
agriculture |
could help pawpaw growers and food processors to develop proper storage and processing methods to avoid the undesirable color changes |
| 1.10.3.1 | catechol oxidase |
agriculture |
quality loss of fruits, the major enzyme responsible for the browning reaction is polyphenol oxidase |
| 1.10.3.3 | L-ascorbate oxidase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme gene in sense and antisense orientation, no significant differences in phenotype except for a delay in flowering time in antisense palnts. At high salinity, increase in percentage of germination, photosynthetic activity and seed yield in antisense plants. Sense plants show a very low redox state of apoplastic ascorbate and increased hydrogen peroxide contents in symplastic and apoplastic spaces |
| 1.10.3.3 | L-ascorbate oxidase |
agriculture |
expression of enzyme in sense- and antisense-orientations, enhanced enzyme activity oxidizes the apoplastic ascorbate pool, decreased enzyme activity increases the amount of ascorbate compared with dehydroascorbate. In sense and antisense plants, enzyme transcript levels are no longer subject to light/dark regulation. Relationship between enzyme activity and plant height and biomass |
| 1.10.3.3 | L-ascorbate oxidase |
agriculture |
up to 380fold increase in enzyme activity of leaf of transgenic plants, no change in total ascorbate content of apoplast, but redox state of ascorbate is reduced to below the threshold while that of glutathione is increased. Overexpressing plants show substantial increase in foliar injury and greater decline in CO2 assimilation upon exposure to ozone |
| 1.10.3.3 | L-ascorbate oxidase |
agriculture |
when sprayed on sugar beet the enzyme works as an effective systemic defense priming agent against cyst nematode infection by Heterodera schachtii, through activation of multiple basal plant defense pathways |
| 1.11.1.11 | L-ascorbate peroxidase |
agriculture |
the results suggest that HvAPX1 plays an important role in zinc and cadmium tolerance, and might be a candidate gene for developing high-biomass tolerant plants for phytoremediation of zinc- and cadmium-polluted environments |
| 1.11.1.11 | L-ascorbate peroxidase |
agriculture |
the transgenic plants show enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress, salt and drought, PpAPX does not play a significant role under normal growing conditions, but do ameliorate oxidative injury under abiotic stress, the Ad29 promoter shoul be used as an inducible promoter in transgenic works |
| 1.11.1.11 | L-ascorbate peroxidase |
agriculture |
enzyme expression markedly increases in leaves of plants subjected to conditions of long-term treatment with salinity, whereas Apx transcript levels remain unaffected in detached leaves during short-term salt treatment |
| 1.11.1.11 | L-ascorbate peroxidase |
agriculture |
expression increases under drought stress, with maximum levels attained 5-days after imposition of stress |
| 1.11.1.11 | L-ascorbate peroxidase |
agriculture |
under flooding stress, Apx enzyme activity decreases and expression is not detected in 5- and 9-day-old seedlings treated with flooding. Under drought stress Apx activity gradually increases from 5-day-old till 9-day-old seedlings. The expression of Apx also increases from 5-day-old till 9-day-old soybean seedlings. Trends in Apx expressions both in hypocotyl and root of drought treated soybean seedlings are similar |
| 1.11.1.16 | versatile peroxidase |
agriculture |
overproducing the VP gene in plants increases significantly their biomass and the abiotic stress tolerance. The versatile peroxidase enzyme is an effective biotechnological tool to protect organisms against ROS. In transgenic tobacco plants, it improves drought, salt, and oxidative stress tolerance. Thus, the versatile peroxidase gene represents a great potential for obtaining stress-tolerant crops. The enzyme from Bjerkandera adusta can mitigate oxidative stress induced by paraquat, salt- (NaCl), drought- and osmotic-stress (sorbitol) |
| 1.11.1.16 | versatile peroxidase |
agriculture |
use of versatile peroxidase in enhancing the digestibility of straws is substantiated through proximate and in vitro digestibility analysis, use of versatile peroxidase in increasing the in vitro degradation of straws for enhancing feed utilization in ruminants. Usage of commonly available crop residues such as paddy straw, finger millet straw, foxtail millet straw, little millet straw, and barnyard millet straw (milled to 1 to 2 cm length and dried at a constant temperature of 70°C) in biodegradation studies |
| 1.11.1.16 | versatile peroxidase |
agriculture |
use of versatile peroxidase in increasing the in vitro degradation of straws for enhancing feed utilization in ruminants |
| 1.11.1.6 | catalase |
agriculture |
amendment of sterilized soils with wild-type Pseudomonas putida restores the rate of degradation of peracetic acid to a higher level than observed in the soils amended with the catalase A-deficient mutant. The association of the bacteria with the plant roots results in protection of the wild-type as well as the catalyse-deficient mutant from killing by peracetic acid |
| 1.11.1.7 | peroxidase |
agriculture |
quality loss of fruits, oxidoreductase enzyme involved in enzymatic browning, because diphenols may function as reducing substrates in its reaction |
| 1.11.1.7 | peroxidase |
agriculture |
rain shelter treatment may affect phenylalanine lignin monomer synthesis and subsequent cork accumulation by altering the expression or enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POD), and omega-hydroxypalmitate O-feruloyl transferase (HHT1), thus decreasing exocarp russet accumulation in semi-russet pear |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
overexpression of enzyme in Nicotiana tabacum, transgenic plants have a 10-fold higher resistance to the bleaching herbicide sulcotrione, transgenic seeds have an up to two-fold enhanced level of vitamin E without change in the ratio of gamma-tocopherol and gamma-tocotrienol. Level of plastoquinone is enhanced in leaves of transgenic lines during leaf senescence |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is one of the most promising target sites for herbicide discovery |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
plant 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is the molecular target of a range of commercial synthetic beta-triketone herbicides Their mode of action is based on an irreversible inhibition of HPPD |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is a target for herbicides, e.g. triketone inhibitors |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase modified at position 336 (HPPD W336) is expressed in MST-FGO72-2 soybean to confer tolerance to 4-benzoyl isoxazole and triketone type of herbicides. No relevant sequence homologies are found with known allergens or toxins, and the absence of hemolytic activity of HPPD W336 is demonstrated in vitro. HPPD W336 degrades rapidly in simulated gastric fluid. Expression of HPPD W336 does not change aromatic amino acid, homogentisate and tocochromanol levels in soybean seed |
| 1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
agriculture |
analysis of two waterhemp populations resistant to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenase herbicides shows that the HPPD-resistance trait is polygenic. The number of genes involved with the herbicide resistance increase at higher herbicide rates, indicating at least one dominant allele at each major locus is required to confer HPPD herbicide resistance in waterhemp |
| 1.13.11.51 | 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase |
agriculture |
it is possible to manipulate abscisic acid levels in plants by overexpressing the key regulatory gene in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Stress tolerance can be improved by increasing abscisic acid level |
| 1.13.11.71 | carotenoid-9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase |
agriculture |
a nonsense mutation c.196C>T in the beta-carotene oxygenase 2 gene is found to strongly associate with the yellow fat phenotype in sheep. The existence of individuals lacking this mutation, but still demonstrating yellow fat, suggests that additional mutations may cause a similar phenotype in this population. Animals homozygous for the mutation are not reported to suffer from any negative health or development traits, pointing towards a minor role of BCO2 in vitamin A formation |
| 1.13.12.19 | 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (ethene-forming) |
agriculture |
introduction of a gene encoding a chimeric protein consisting of EFE and beta-glucuronidase GUS into the tobacco genome using a binary vector which directs expression of the EFE-beta-glucuronidase fusion protein under the control of constitutive promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA. Transgenic plants produce ethylene at consistently higher rates than the untransformed plant, and their beta-glucuronidase activities are expressed in different tissues. A significant dwarf morphology observed in the transgenic tobacco displaying the highest ethylene production resembles the phenotype of a wild-type plant exposed to excess ethylene |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
creation of dwarf plants |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
cryptochromes are required for the transient induction of GA2ox1 expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to blue light, for the sustained elevation of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in continuous blue light, and for maintaining a high amplitude of the circadian rhythm of GA2ox1 expression in seedlings grown in long-day photoperiods |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
ectopic expression of gibberllin 2-oxidase in wheat decreases the content of bioactive gibberellins and produces a range of dwarf plants with different degrees of severity. The dwarf phenotype is stably inherited over at least four generations and includes dark-green leaves, increasing tillering and, in severe cases, a prostrate growth habit. Expression of gibberlic acid biosynthesis genens TaGA20ox1 and TaGA3ox2 is up-regulated ant that of two alpha-amylase genes down-regulated in scutella of semi-dwarf lines. The phenotypes are restored to normal by application of gibberellin 3 |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
expression of isoform PcGA2ox1 in Solanum melanocerasum and Solanum nigrum results in transgenic plants with a range of dwarf phenotypes associated with a severe reduction in the concentrations of biologically active gibberellins 1 and 4. Flowering and fruit development are unaffected. Transgenic plants contain greater concentrations of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, although chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents are reduced |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
breeding plants with reduced height, increased root biomass, normal flowering and seed production by overexpression of C20 gibberellin 2-oxidases: first overexpression of GA2ox9ACT mutant generates semidwarf rice with only slightly reduced grain weight and fertility, increased tiller number (by 22%) compared to wild-type, second overexpression of C20 GA2oxs with defective motif III, such as GA2ox5delta335-341ACT mutant, generates a semidwarf rice variety with reduced grain weight (by 16%) and fertility (by 12%) and twofold increased tiller number, third overexpression of a selected C20 GA2ox gene, such as GA2ox6 with less effect on plant growth under the control of a weak promoter could be beneficial without sacrificing seed production |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
applications of the SBI(SV14) allele in rice breeding are an efficient strategy to develop elite rice varieties with improved lodging resistance and increased yield |
| 1.14.11.13 | gibberellin 2beta-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
the enzyme (BnGA2ox2) is a new candidate gene for breeding dwarf varieties of rapeseed |
| 1.14.11.60 | scopoletin 8-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
ectopic expression of the peptides IRONMAN (IMA1 and IMA2) improves growth on calcareous soil by inducing biosynthesis and secretion of the catecholic coumarin 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (fraxetin) via increased expression of MYB72 and scopoletin 8-hydrxylase. The response is strictly dependent on elevated environmental pH |
| 1.14.11.61 | feruloyl-CoA 6-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
four of the seven feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase genes are expressed in the storage root. A RNA interference construct, designed to a highly conserved region of these genes, significantly reduces feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase gene expression, scopoletin accumulation and rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration development |
| 1.14.11.9 | flavanone 3-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
basis for further research on the control of berry skin color and wine quality |
| 1.14.11.9 | flavanone 3-dioxygenase |
agriculture |
the aim is to identify the soybean mosaic virus resistance associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the IFS1, IFS2 and F3H gene by association mapping in order to develop valuable genetic markers for future soybean mosaic virus resistance breeding efforts in soybean |
| 1.14.13.212 | 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid 5-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
treatment of coffee waste with caffeine-degrading microorganisms (either wild type or recombinant) may transform the waste into a valuable by-product, rather than a waste stream, because a caffeine concentration in the waste greater than 1% makes it unsuitable as animal feed or as a biofuel feedstock |
| 1.14.13.235 | indole-3-acetate monooxygenase |
agriculture |
coinoculation of roots with strain 1290 and 1 mM of indole-3-acetic acid has a positive effect on root development. In coinoculation experiments on radish roots, strain 1290 is partially able to alleviate the inhibitory effect of bacteria that in culture overproduce indole-3-acetic acid |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme expressed in Oryza sativa results in high tolerance to herbicides mefenacet, pyributicarb, amiprofos-methyl, trifluralin, pendimethalin, norflurazon, chlorotoluron and five chloroacetamides |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
cytochrome P450 monooxygenase as a tool for metabolizing of herbicides in plants |
| 1.14.14.1 | unspecific monooxygenase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is of great importance commercially not only from the point of view of herbicide resistance but also in terms of ecotoxicology |
| 1.14.14.127 | methyl farnesoate epoxidase |
agriculture |
the enzyme may be useful in the design and screening of selective insect control agents |
| 1.14.14.137 | (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
introduction of drought tolerance in apple seedlings, the 3R-isomer of the abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase inhibitor abscinazole-F1 (3R-(E)-6-tert-butyl-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6,8-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8-ol) has no growth-retardant effect on apple seedlings but induces stomatal closure and drought tolerance during dehydration at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 microM (spray treatment) |
| 1.14.14.143 | (+)-menthofuran synthase |
agriculture |
increasing Cd level in the soil is followed by a reduction in the expression of menthone reductase and pulegone reductase genes, while an increase in the expression of menthofuran synthase is observed |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
target enzyme for azole antifungal agents. These specific inhibitors are of great importance as plant growth regulators, fungicides and herbicides in the agricultural and medical fields |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
all known functional sterols lack a 14alpha-methyl group, and therefore the 14alpha-demethylation reaction has received much attention from the pharmaceutical and agriculture-chemical industry as a possible means to specifically control and inhibit sterol biosynthesis in mammals, fungi, and plant |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
target of important agrochemicals such as fungicides, plant growth regulators and herbicides |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
silencing of enzyme by potato virus X::Nt CYP51-1 transcripts, accumulation of obtusifoliol and other 14alpha-methyl sterols |
| 1.14.14.154 | sterol 14alpha-demethylase |
agriculture |
the enzyme is a target for antifungal inhibitors in protection of crops against fungal pathogens |
| 1.14.14.178 | steroid 22S-hydroxylase |
agriculture |
it will be possible to control plant growth by engineering DWF4 transcription in plants |
| 1.14.14.179 | brassinosteroid 6-oxygenase |
agriculture |
overexpression in seeds increases the levels of castasterone and brassinolide in seeds. Compared to the wild type, the overexpressing strains produces substantially larger seeds with a high concentration of nutrients due to an enhancement in brassinosteroids signaling. Additionally, it exhibits superior seed germination, seedling and rosette plant growth, and flower and silique formation |
| 1.14.14.180 | brassinolide synthase |
agriculture |
overexpression in seeds increases the levels of castasterone and brassinolide in seeds. Compared to the wild type, the overexpressing strains produces substantially larger seeds with a high concentration of nutrients due to an enhancement in brassinosteroids signaling. Additionally, it exhibits superior seed germination, seedling and rosette plant growth, and flower and silique formation |
| 1.14.14.3 | bacterial luciferase |
agriculture |
engineering of broad-host-range Erwinia amylovora virus Y2 to enhance its killing activity and for use as a luciferase reporter phage. The reporter phage Y2::luxAB transduces bacterial luciferase into host cells and induces synthesis of large amounts of a LuxAB luciferase fusion. After the addition of aldehyde substrate, bioluminescence can be monitored, and enables rapid and specific detection of low numbers of viable bacteria |
| 1.14.14.3 | bacterial luciferase |
agriculture |
optimization of fused luxAB expression, quantum yield and application as a reporter gene in plant protoplasts. Luciferase activity is dramatically increased upon use of the optimized gene and the 35S promoter compared to the original luxAB in Arabidopsis and maize cells |
| 1.14.14.36 | tyrosine N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
simultaneous expression of the two multifunctional Sorghum cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis leads to cyanogenic plants. In transgenic plants expressing CYP79A1 as well as CYP71E1, the activity of CYP79A1 is higher than that of CYP71E1, resulting in the accumulation of several 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime-derived products in the addition to those derived from 4-hydroxymandelonitrile. Transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants expressing only CYP79A1 accumulate the same 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime-derived products as transgenic plants expressing both sorghum cytochrome P450 enzymes. The transgenic CYP79A1 Arabidopsis plants accumulate large amounts of 4-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate |
| 1.14.14.36 | tyrosine N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 from Sorghum bicolor, i.e. the entire biosynthetic pathway for the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin, accumulate 4% dry-weight dhurrin with marginal inadvertent effects on plant morphology, free amino acid pools, transcriptome, and metabolome. Plants expressing only CYP79A1 accumulate 3% dry weight of the tyrosine-derived glucosinolate, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate with no morphological pleitropic effects. Insertion of CYP79A1 plus CYP71E1 results in stunted plants, transcriptome alterations, accumulation of numerous glucosides derived from detoxification of intermediates in the dhurrin pathway, and in loss of the brassicaceae-specific UV protectants sinapoyl glucose and sinapoyl malate and kaempferol glucosides. The accumulation of glucosides in the plants expressing CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 is not accompanied by induction of glycosyltransferases |
| 1.14.14.37 | 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase |
agriculture |
simultaneous expression of the two multifunctional sorghum cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 in tobacco and Arabidopsis leads to cyanogenic plants. In transgenic plants expressing CYP79A1 as well as CYP71E1, the activity of CYP79A1 is higher than that of CYP71E1, resulting in the accumulation of several 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime-derived products in the addition to those derived from 4-hydroxymandelonitrile. In transgenic Arabidopsis expressing CYP71E1, this enzyme and the enzymes of the pre-existing glucosinolate pathway compete for the 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime as substrate, resulting in the formation of small amounts of 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate |
| 1.14.14.37 | 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase |
agriculture |
transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 from Sorghum bicolor, i.e. the entire biosynthetic pathway for the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin, accumulate 4% dry-weight dhurrin with marginal inadvertent effects on plant morphology, free amino acid pools, transcriptome, and metabolome. Plants expressing only CYP79A1 accumulate 3% dry weight of the tyrosine-derived glucosinolate, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate with no morphological pleitropic effects. Insertion of CYP79A1 plus CYP71E1 results in stunted plants, transcriptome alterations, accumulation of numerous glucosides derived from detoxification of intermediates in the dhurrin pathway, and in loss of the brassicaceae-specific UV protectants sinapoyl glucose and sinapoyl malate and kaempferol glucosides. The accumulation of glucosides in the plants expressing CYP79A1 and CYP71E1 is not accompanied by induction of glycosyltransferases |
| 1.14.14.38 | valine N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
expression of CYP79D2 from cassava in Arabidopsis thaliana results in the production of valine- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates not normally found in this ecotype. The transgenic lines show no morphological phenotype, and the level of endogenous glucosinolates is not affected. The novel glucosinolates constitute up to 35% of the total glucosinolate content in mature rosette leaves and up to 48% in old leaves. At increased concentrations of these glucosinolates, the proportion of Val-derived glucosinolates decreases. As the isothiocyanates produced from the Val- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates are volatile, metabolically engineered plants producing these glucosinolates have acquired novel properties with great potential for improvement of resistance to herbivorous insects and for biofumigation |
| 1.14.14.43 | (methylsulfanyl)alkanaldoxime N-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
loss of CYP83A1 function leads to dramatically reduced parasitic growth of the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum on Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 1.14.14.82 | flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase |
agriculture |
enzyme expression is under control of pericarp color1, P1. The P1 controlled 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and C-glycosyl flavone defence compounds accumulate at significantly higher levels in Pr1 silks as compared to pr1 silks. By virtue of increased maysin synthesis in Pr1 plants, corn ear worm larvae fed on Pr1/P1 silks show slower growth as compared to pr1/P1 silks |
