Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
2,4-Dibromo-DL-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
2-Chloro-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
77% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
2-chloro-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
77% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
2-fluoro-DOPA
?
-
-
-
-
?
2-fluoro-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
2-Methyl-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
2-methyl-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3,4-Dibromo-DL-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
10% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
? + CO2
-
regulation of the ganglionic dopamine level
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
3,5-Dibromo-DL-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
72% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
3,5-dibromo-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
72% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3-Chloro-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
81% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
3-chloro-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
81% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine
?
3-Methyl-L-Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
80% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
3-methyl-L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
80% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
4-fluoro-L-tryptophan
4-fluorotryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
4-methyl-L-tryptophan
4-methyltryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-Fluoro-DL-Trp
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
5-fluoro-DL-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
5-fluoro-DOPA
?
-
-
-
-
?
5-fluoro-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
5-(2-aminoethyl)-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-fluoro-L-tryptophan
5-fluorotryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
24% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
5-hydroxytryptamine + O2
5-hydroxyindolacetaldehyde + NH3
-
side reaction, decarboxylation-dependent transamination
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
5-Methyl-DL-Trp
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
17% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
5-methyl-DL-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
17% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
6-fluoro-DOPA
?
-
-
-
-
?
6-fluoro-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)-5-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
6-fluoro-threo-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine
4-(2-aminoethyl)-5-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
7-Aza-DL-Trp
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
7-aza-DL-tryptophan
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
2% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
1% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-dopamine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone + NH3
-
side reaction, decarboxylation-dependent transamination
-
?
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa
alpha-methyl-dopamine + CO2
carbidopa
?
-
interaction of carbidopa with the Phe103 residue of the enzyme, the residue forms a displaced sandwich-type sigma-complex with carbidopa
-
-
?
Carboxyl-L-Trp
?
-
-
-
-
?
DOPA
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
dopamine + O2
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NH3
-
-
-
?
L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
75% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
serotonin + CO2
L-kynurenine
3-amino-1-(2-aminophenyl)propan-1-one + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
15% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
L-kynurenine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
15% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
L-phenylalanine
L-phenethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
L-threo-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)serine
4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzene-1,2-diol + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
m-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
5% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
m-tyrosine
m-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Methylene-L-Trp
?
-
-
-
-
?
N-methyl-L-dopa
N-methyldopamine + CO2
o-DL-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
32% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
o-fluorophenylalanine
o-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
p-fluorophenylalanine
p-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
p-tyrosine
p-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
? + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Trp-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
? + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
Tryptophan
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Tyr-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
? + 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
-
-
-
?
tyrosine
tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
10% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
10% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
little stereospecificity between D-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-Hydroxytyramine + CO2
Thalictrum rugosum
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
i.e. L-dopa
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
neuroprotective role for AADC against L-DOPA toxicity in primary striatal cultures. The protective effect is due primarily to AADC-dependent conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, leading, in turn, to an increase in intracellular dopamine levels
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
during the reaction with L-Dopa, monitored by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, a 420 nm band attributed to the 4'-N-protonated external aldimine first appears, and its decrease parallels the emergence of a 390 nm peak, assigned to the 4'-N-unprotonated external aldimine. The pH profile of the spectral change at 390 nm displays a pK of 6.4, which may represent the ESH(+) -> ES catalytic step
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
i.e. L-dopa
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-DOPA, substrate exerts apoptotic cytotoxicity towards PC12 cells at a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mM for 24-48 h
major amine neurotransmitter
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
8% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
3-Hydroxy-DL-kynurenine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
8% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
serotonin
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
neurotransmitter
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
The biosynthesis of serotonin requires aromatic substrates to be bound in the active sites of the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
24% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa
alpha-methyl-dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa
alpha-methyl-dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
His
?
-
-
-
-
?
His
?
-
no activity
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, AADC constitutes the last enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of dopamine
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
DOPA, plays a role in the neuromodulation of behavior
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
the renal dopaminergic system is highly dynamic and the basic mechanisms for the regulation of this system mainly depends on the availability of L-dopa, its fast decarboxylation into dopamine, precise cell outward amine transfer mechanisms, dopamine interaction with specific receptor and accurate intracellular signal transduction
-
-
?
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
dopamine can serve as the catecholamine substrate for melanin production
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
dopamine has a neural role and is metabolized to produce melanin and sclerotin in epidermal tissues
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
691469, 691846, 692661, 693374, 701921, 702954, 704803, 705265, 705269, 705756, 705914, 714634, 716172, 716342 -
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is central in the synthesis of biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters, these include serotonin as well as the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
second enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the synthesis of important neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
substrate ionization is related to the catalytic event
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
clozapine modulates AAAD activity in striatum and enhances exogenous L-DOPA decarboxylation in intact mice and mice lesioned with1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Kinetic analysis of AAAD at 1 h showed an increase in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate L-DOPA and the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with no changes for Km. Dopamine D4 and 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A antagonists also increase AAAD activity in striatum
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters and serotonin
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
production of neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
ir
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
no reaction
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
no activity
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
no reaction
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
m-DL-Tyr, 17% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
at 87% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
o-DL-Tyr, 17% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
L-Phe
phenylethylamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
L-Tyr, 120% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
120% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
ir
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ1065
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
no reaction with D-Trp
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
ir
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
catalyzes an early step of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
enzyme responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and indoleamine synthetic pathway, second step enzyme for monoamine synthesis
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
120% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
87% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-tyrosine
?
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
120% activity compared to L-tryptophan
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
m-Tyr
?
-
-
-
-
?
N-methyl-L-dopa
N-methyldopamine + CO2
-
in addition, enzyme catalyses the decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination of alpha-methyl-dopa, but the oxidative reaction is considerably slower than the decarboxylation reaction
-
?
N-methyl-L-dopa
N-methyldopamine + CO2
-
in addition, enzyme catalyses the decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination of alpha-methyl-dopa, but the oxidative reaction is considerably slower than the decarboxylation reaction
-
?
o-fluorophenylalanine
o-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
o-fluorophenylalanine
o-fluorophenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
o-Tyr
?
-
-
-
-
?
Tyr
?
-
-
-
-
?
Tyr
?
-
no activity with L-Tyr
-
-
?
Tyr
?
-
no activity
-
-
?
Tyr
?
-
no reaction
-
-
?
Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
at 120% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
Tyr
?
Micrococcus percitreus
-
87% of the activity with L-Trp
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no substrate: L-tyrosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no substrate: L-tyrosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: L-tyrosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 3-methoxyphenylalanine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no significant activity towards aliphatic amino acids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC activity is required in the epidermis for the synthesis of dopamine that is metabolized to produce reactive quinones that exert killing effects on invading bacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC plays a role in the Drosophila innate immune response in larvae and adults
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dopa decarboxylase plays an essential role in wound healing in the Drosophila embryo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AADC deficiency leads to severe floppiness, oculogyric crises, athetoid movement, prominent startle response, tongue thrusting, ptosis, paroxysmal diaphoresis, nasal congestion, diarrhea, irritability and sleep disorders, patients with AADC deficiency in Taiwan have particular clinical manifestations of small hands and feet
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AADC follows the initial and rate-limiting step of synthesis, which is the formation of levodopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan from tyrosine and tryptophan by specific tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylases
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a disorder of biogenic amine metabolism resulting in generalized combined deficiency of serotonin, dopamine and catecholamines. Main clinical features are developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, dystonia, oculogyric crises and additional extraneurological symptoms
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a rare inborn error of neurotransmitter biosynthesis that leads to a combined deficiency of catecholamines and serotonin and is characterized by global developmental delay, involuntary movements, and autonomic dysfunction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
deficiency of the enzyme leads to a reduced level of downstream biogenic amines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin, which plays a potential pathophysiological role in disorders of psychomotor modulation, maladjustment in sleep pattern, body temperature, cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
L-dopa decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in many malignancies
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Mutations that decrease substrate binding can result in a decrease in serotonin production and thus can lead to depression and related disorders
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulating factor of the proliferation and differentiation of different leukocyte subtypes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and DDC mRNA in plasma of children with neuroblastoma are highly correlated
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
under all reaction conditions tested, the enzyme fails to catalyze thyroid hormone decarboxylation. The enzyme is responsible for Thyronamine biosynthesis via decarboxylation of thyroid hormone
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
under all reaction conditions tested, the enzyme fails to catalyze thyroid hormone decarboxylation. The enzyme is responsible for Thyronamine biosynthesis via decarboxylation of thyroid hormone
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
normal movement and behavior do not depend on complete recovery of enzyme function (after suicide inhibition), but likely on pre-synaptic and post-synaptic compensatory mechanisms
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus
-
constitutive enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus
-
no activity with 4-nitro-DL-phenylalanine, 3,5-dinitro-DL-tyrosine, 2,4,4-trihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine, alpha-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-L-alanine, 2-phenyl-DL-serine, 2-thiazole-DL-alanine, and L-histidine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
no activity with 4-nitro-DL-phenylalanine, 3,5-dinitro-DL-tyrosine, 2,4,4-trihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine, alpha-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-L-alanine, 2-phenyl-DL-serine, 2-thiazole-DL-alanine, and L-histidine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC is involved in the synthesis of dopamine, serotonin and acts as an androgen receptor co-regulator protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the imprinting and developmental regulation of Ddc_exon1a expression in the heart suggests fundamental roles in cardiogenesis and cardiac function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the imprinting and developmental regulation of Ddc_exon1a expression in the heart suggests fundamental roles in cardiogenesis and cardiac function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the key step in the formation of the aromatic amines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine is catalyzed by a single enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no enzyme activity detected with D-phenylalanine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan or L-histidine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no enzyme activity detected with D-phenylalanine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan or L-histidine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
possible role in alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is essentially inactive towards other aromatic amino acids such as 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Lphenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is essentially inactive towards other aromatic amino acids such as 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Lphenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is essentially inactive towards other aromatic amino acids such as 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Lphenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in the production of biogenic amines
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DOPA cyclohexyl ester is an antagonist of DOPA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exclusive substrate specificity for L-amino acids with either indole or phenol side chains, but not both, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and L-Dopa are not accepted as substrates
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exhibits half-transaminase activity toward D-aromatic amino acids and oxidative deaminase activity toward aromatic amines
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids into their corresponding amines
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the pig DDC is able to catalyze oxidative deamination of aromatic amines, cf. EC 4.3.1., and the generated carbonyl compounds act as suicide or mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme, catalytic mechanism with formation of a ketimine and superoxide as reaction intermediates, overview. The stoichiometry of dioxygen consumed with respect to carbonyl compound and ammonia formed as well as amine oxidized is 1:2. Studies with an analogue of serotonin undergoing oxidative deamination with DDC, i.e. D-tryptophan methyl ester, shows the accumulation of the quinonoid intermediate of this reaction
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
? + CO2
-
regulation of the ganglionic dopamine level
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
L-phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
ir
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
L-Tyrosine
Tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
?
m-tyrosine
m-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
p-tyrosine
p-tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
phenylalanine
phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
Tryptophan
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
tyrosine
tyramine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
neuroprotective role for AADC against L-DOPA toxicity in primary striatal cultures. The protective effect is due primarily to AADC-dependent conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, leading, in turn, to an increase in intracellular dopamine levels
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters
-
-
?
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-DOPA, substrate exerts apoptotic cytotoxicity towards PC12 cells at a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mM for 24-48 h
major amine neurotransmitter
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
serotonin
-
?
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
neurotransmitter
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
The biosynthesis of serotonin requires aromatic substrates to be bound in the active sites of the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
-
-
?
5-Hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, AADC constitutes the last enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of dopamine
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
DOPA, plays a role in the neuromodulation of behavior
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
L-dopa, levodopa, substrate alleviates the clinical symptoms of Parkinson disease
-
-
?
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dopamine + CO2
-
the renal dopaminergic system is highly dynamic and the basic mechanisms for the regulation of this system mainly depends on the availability of L-dopa, its fast decarboxylation into dopamine, precise cell outward amine transfer mechanisms, dopamine interaction with specific receptor and accurate intracellular signal transduction
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
dopamine can serve as the catecholamine substrate for melanin production
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
dopamine has a neural role and is metabolized to produce melanin and sclerotin in epidermal tissues
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
enzyme is central in the synthesis of biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters, these include serotonin as well as the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
second enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the synthesis of important neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
clozapine modulates AAAD activity in striatum and enhances exogenous L-DOPA decarboxylation in intact mice and mice lesioned with1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Kinetic analysis of AAAD at 1 h showed an increase in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate L-DOPA and the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with no changes for Km. Dopamine D4 and 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A antagonists also increase AAAD activity in striatum
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters and serotonin
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
production of neurotransmitters
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
ir
L-Dopa
dopamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-phenylalanine
2-phenylethylamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-Trp
Tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
ir
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
100% activity
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
Micrococcus percitreus AJ 1065
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
catalyzes an early step of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
enzyme responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and indoleamine synthetic pathway, second step enzyme for monoamine synthesis
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
implicated in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, also involved in the formation of the monoamine serotonin, and of simple alkaloids such as the beta-carbolines
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
L-tryptophan
tryptamine + CO2
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the production of melanin, a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc activities are key regulatory components for haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of bacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Ddc is involved in wound healing, parasite defense, cuticle hardening, melanization and in the behavior of insects
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC activity is required in the epidermis for the synthesis of dopamine that is metabolized to produce reactive quinones that exert killing effects on invading bacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC plays a role in the Drosophila innate immune response in larvae and adults
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dopa decarboxylase plays an essential role in wound healing in the Drosophila embryo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AADC deficiency leads to severe floppiness, oculogyric crises, athetoid movement, prominent startle response, tongue thrusting, ptosis, paroxysmal diaphoresis, nasal congestion, diarrhea, irritability and sleep disorders, patients with AADC deficiency in Taiwan have particular clinical manifestations of small hands and feet
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AADC follows the initial and rate-limiting step of synthesis, which is the formation of levodopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan from tyrosine and tryptophan by specific tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylases
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a disorder of biogenic amine metabolism resulting in generalized combined deficiency of serotonin, dopamine and catecholamines. Main clinical features are developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, dystonia, oculogyric crises and additional extraneurological symptoms
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a rare inborn error of neurotransmitter biosynthesis that leads to a combined deficiency of catecholamines and serotonin and is characterized by global developmental delay, involuntary movements, and autonomic dysfunction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
deficiency of the enzyme leads to a reduced level of downstream biogenic amines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin, which plays a potential pathophysiological role in disorders of psychomotor modulation, maladjustment in sleep pattern, body temperature, cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
L-dopa decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in many malignancies
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Mutations that decrease substrate binding can result in a decrease in serotonin production and thus can lead to depression and related disorders
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulating factor of the proliferation and differentiation of different leukocyte subtypes
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and DDC mRNA in plasma of children with neuroblastoma are highly correlated
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
normal movement and behavior do not depend on complete recovery of enzyme function (after suicide inhibition), but likely on pre-synaptic and post-synaptic compensatory mechanisms
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Micrococcus percitreus
-
constitutive enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DDC is involved in the synthesis of dopamine, serotonin and acts as an androgen receptor co-regulator protein
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the imprinting and developmental regulation of Ddc_exon1a expression in the heart suggests fundamental roles in cardiogenesis and cardiac function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the imprinting and developmental regulation of Ddc_exon1a expression in the heart suggests fundamental roles in cardiogenesis and cardiac function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the key step in the formation of the aromatic amines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine is catalyzed by a single enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
possible role in alkaloid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in the production of biogenic amines
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DOPA cyclohexyl ester is an antagonist of DOPA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids into their corresponding amines
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation step in both the catecholamine and the indolamine synthetic pathways. The enzyme is regulated by a short term mechanism that may involve activation of adenyl cyclase or protein kinase C
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the pig DDC is able to catalyze oxidative deamination of aromatic amines, cf. EC 4.3.1., and the generated carbonyl compounds act as suicide or mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme, catalytic mechanism with formation of a ketimine and superoxide as reaction intermediates, overview. The stoichiometry of dioxygen consumed with respect to carbonyl compound and ammonia formed as well as amine oxidized is 1:2. Studies with an analogue of serotonin undergoing oxidative deamination with DDC, i.e. D-tryptophan methyl ester, shows the accumulation of the quinonoid intermediate of this reaction
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid
-
-
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid
-
-
(S)-alpha-(fluoromethyl)tryptophan
-
the suicide substrate effectively inhibits TDC activity extracted from rice leaves infected by Bipolaris oryzae and the inhibition rate increases dependent on preincubation time
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
-
MPTP, after 7 days of treatment, AAAD activities are decreased by more than 50% in the mouse striatum
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzylhydrazine
-
-
2-Phenylethylamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition, 80% inhibition at 0.5 mM
2-[1-[4-hydroxy-5-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-5-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
-
inhibitor isolated from Euonymus glabra Roxb.
2-[[(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]amino]-N-phenylbenzamide
-
competitive. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
3'-hydroxybenzylhydrazine
-
NSD-1015, a central aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
inhibitory effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine on the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazino-2-methyl propionic acid
carbiDOPA, addition of 10 microM inhibitor to reaction mixtures (Y332F mutant with L-dopa) in the presence or in the absence of catalase or superoxide dismutase, immediately stops the O2 consumption.
3-hydroxy-benzylhydrazine
-
-
3-[2-hydroxy-5-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl]-5-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
-
inhibitor isolated from Euonymus glabra Roxb., structural analogue of dopamine. Compound is able to suppress the activity of dopa decarboxylase and dopamine levels in purified enzyme and cell-based assays
4-Bromo-3-hydroxy-benzyloxyamine
-
-
4-[(E)-[(3-phenyl-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol
-
mixed type inhibition. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
4-[(E)-[(3-phenyl-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
-
competitive. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
4-[(E)-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]imino]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
-
competitive. Inhibitor is unable to bind free pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and predicted to not cross the blood-brain barrier
5-hydroxy indole acetic acid
-
the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is 20% inhibited by 0.33 mM 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid
7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist
alpha-methyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
alpha-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
alpha-Methyl-D,L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine
alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
71% inhibition at 0.2 mM
alpha-methyl-L-Dopa
Micrococcus percitreus
-
60% inhibition at 0.2 mM
alpha-Methylhydrazinodopa
-
-
alpha-monofluoromethyl-DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
suicide inhibitor
alpha-synuclein
-
significantly reduces AADC activity
-
annexin 5
-
endogenous inhibitor, identified and purified from human placenta presented in the membrane function, shows 30.4% inhibition by incubation of the human placenta samples in the presence of 0.34 unit ddc from mouse kidney homogenate. The inhibitor exhibits an optimum activity at 50 mM NaCl, pH 6.5, is heat labile and is deactivated by boiling. After incubation of the placental homogenate with proteinase K, inhibitory activity is partially abolished, suggesting that a population of inhibitor molecules is embedded in the membrane.
-
apomorphine
-
inhibition in rat striatum
benzerazide
Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by benzerazide, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis
beta-phenylethylamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
bromocryptine
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist
Chalcone derivatives
-
-
-
Clorgyline
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist
D-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
D-tryptophan
non-competitive inhibitor
diethyldithiocarbamate
-
-
Dithiobisnitrobenzoate
-
-
DL-alpha-Difluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
DL-m-Tyr
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
DL-m-tyrosine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
50% inhibition at 4 mM
epigallocatechin-3-gallate
Fe2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
Fluoromethyl dopamine
-
-
histamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
1% inhibition at 4 mM
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
L-alpha-Methyl-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid
-
-
L-histidine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
5% inhibition at 4 mM
L-Phe
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
L-phenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 53% inhibition at 0.5 mM
L-Tyr
Micrococcus percitreus
-
tryptamine formation
L-tyrosine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
uncompetitive inhibition, 38% inhibition at 0.5 mM
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
-
-
N-5'-Phosphopyridoxyl-L-dopa
-
-
N1-Seryl N2-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl) hydrazine
-
-
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
-
-
Pargyline
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist
potassium bicarbonate
Micrococcus percitreus
-
57% inhibition at 1 M
pyridoxamine phosphate
Micrococcus percitreus
-
complete inhibition at 0.2 mM
quinpirole
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor agonist
R-(+)-Amino-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene
-
-
testosterone propionate
-
repetitive treatment of female mice with testosterone propionate for 2 weeks elicits a marked decrease in renal DCC activity
3-Indoleacetamide
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
3-Indoleacetamide
Micrococcus percitreus
-
27% inhibition at 0.25 mM
3-Indolealdehyde
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
3-Indolealdehyde
Micrococcus percitreus
-
33% inhibition at 0.25 mM
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
-
strong inhibitory effect of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan on the conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
substrate inhibition
5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
Al3+
-
-
Al3+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
76% inhibition at 0.2 mM
alpha-methyl-DL-phenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition
Amb2470350
a reversible competitive inhibitor
Amb2470350
a reversible competitive inhibitor
Amb2470350
a reversible competitive inhibitor
Benserazide
-
-
Benserazide
-
competitive inhibitor of L-Dopa, but a non-competitive inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptophan
Benserazide
-
levels of intracellular dopamine after L-DOPA treatment (0.02 and 0.1 mM) are significantly decreased by the AADC inhibitor benserazide (0.02 mM) for 6-24 h exposure prior to L-DOPA treatment in PC12 cells, the 230%-350% increases in dopamine levels by L-DOPA are reduced to 187%-284% by benserazide for 6 h
Benserazide
-
peripheral inhibitor
Benserazide
-
intrastriatal inhibition of the enzyme prevents the appearance of L-dopa-induced dyskinetic movements at the lesioned side
BH4
-
-
carbidopa
-
-
carbidopa
Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by carbidopa, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis
carbidopa
-
strongly inhibited by increasing concentrations of carbidopa, at a concentration of 0.4 mM carbidopa the conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is completely inhibited, at a concentration of 0.25 mM the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is completely inhibited
carbidopa
Thr82 is implicated in 4'-hydroxyl catechol ring binding
carbidopa
the compound is able to block the reaction at the Michaelis complex step in DDC
carbidopa
-
non-competitive inhibitor
carbidopa
-
levels of intracellular dopamine after L-DOPA treatment (0.02 and 0.1 mM) are significantly decreased by the AADC inhibitor carbidopa (0.020 mM) for 6-24 h exposure prior to L-DOPA treatment in PC12 cells, the 230%-350% increases in dopamine levels by L-DOPA are reduced to 187%-284% by 153%-248% by carbidopa for 6 h
Cu2+
-
-
Cu2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
DL-alpha-Monofluoromethyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
-
dopamine
-
the conversion of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan is strongly inhibited by dopamine
dopamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
dopamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
complete inhibition at 0.5 mM
epigallocatechin-3-gallate
EGCG, the inhibitory effect is mediated by blocking the entrance to the catalytic site, therefore, preventing substrate binding
epigallocatechin-3-gallate
direct inhibitory effect on both histidine decarboxylase and DOPA decarboxylase. Modeling of binding to the enzymes. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate does not affect the quaternary structure of the enzyme and remains stable in the active site throughout the entire trajectory. After 700 ps of simulation, epigallocatechin-3-gallate moves deeper into the active site. While adopting this conformation, epigallocatechin-3-gallate actually fills the binding pocket and blocks its entrance pathway
epinephrine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
epinephrine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
30% inhibition at 4 mM
Hg2+
-
-
Hg2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae, no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
hydroxylamine
-
-
L-Dopa
-
20.3% decrease in activity in corpus striatum following a 2 years treatment
L-Dopa
-
slight substrate inhibition is observed at high concentration of L-Dopa
L-Dopa
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition, 98% inhibition at 1 mM
L-Dopa
-
reduced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the dopamine receptor indirect agonist
L-Dopa
substrate inhibition
Methyldopa
-
alpha-methyldopa
N-acetyldopamine
-
-
NEM
-
-
NEM
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
norepinephrine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
norepinephrine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
40% inhibition at 4 mM
NSD-1015
-
-
NSD-1015
-
non-competitive inhibitor
PCMB
-
-
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
inhibition at high concentrations, stimulation at lower concentration
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
optimal concentration for pharate pupae enzyme: 0.02 mM; optimal concentration for the white pupae enzyme: 0.4 mM
Semicarbazide
-
-
serotonin
and/or its aldehyde, behaves as a mechanism-based inhibitor, product inhibition
serotonin
Micrococcus percitreus
-
2% inhibition at 4 mM
serotonin
and/or its aldehyde, behaves as a mechanism-based inhibitor, product inhibition
serotonin
and/or its aldehyde, behaves as a mechanism-based inhibitor, product inhibition
tryptamine
competitive inhibitor
tryptamine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
5% inhibition at 1 mM
tyramine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
tyramine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
competitive inhibition, 71% inhibition at 0.5 mM
Zn2+
-
-
Zn2+
-
enzyme from pharate pupae,no effect on the enzyme from white prepupae
additional information
decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis in the presence of Ddc small interfering RNA of about 30%, compared with the controls; Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by small interfering RNA for Ddc and antibodies against Ddc, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis. Haemocyte-surface-associated Ddc is decreased by about 90% in haemocytes transfected with Ddc siRNA, compared to the control experiment; when haemocytes are pretreated with anti-Ddc instead of Ddc small interfering RNA before challenge with Escherichia coli, a greater decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis (about 60%) is observed, compared with the siRNA results (30%)
-
additional information
-
decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis in the presence of Ddc small interfering RNA of about 30%, compared with the controls; Escherichia coli phagocytosis is blocked by small interfering RNA for Ddc and antibodies against Ddc, revealing the involvement of Ddc activity in phagocytosis. Haemocyte-surface-associated Ddc is decreased by about 90% in haemocytes transfected with Ddc siRNA, compared to the control experiment; when haemocytes are pretreated with anti-Ddc instead of Ddc small interfering RNA before challenge with Escherichia coli, a greater decrease of Escherichia coli phagocytosis (about 60%) is observed, compared with the siRNA results (30%)
-
additional information
-
not sensitive to diisopropyl flurophosphate
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by 3-methoxy-tyrosine, homovanillic acid, or 5-hydroxy-tryptamine
-
additional information
-
diminished AAAD activity in dopaminergic cells that overexpress alpha-sinuclein
-
additional information
-
increasing concentrations of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin have a minimal inhibitory effect on enzyme solubilization while leupeptin inhibits release of membrane-bound enzyme
-
additional information
-
4-benzoquinone might be the crucial chemical moiety for binding and inhibiting human DOPA decarboxylase
-
additional information
the inhibitory principle is based on a hydrazine group that forms a hydrazone derivative with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, thus blocking it and inactivating the enzyme. Thus, a greater amount of L-Dopa can reach the brain where it can be transformed to dopamine ameliorating disease symptoms. Compounds acting via a suicide mechanism by alkylating the enzyme: alpha-chloromethyl and alpha-fluoromethyl derivatives of Dopa, alpha-vinyl-Dopa and alpha-acetylenic Dopa. The phosphopyridoxyl aromatic amino acids Schiff base analogues and substrate analogues, like green tea polyphenols, also inhibit the enzyme
-
additional information
successful strategies to inhibit the decarboxylase have included the synthesis of fluoro-derivatives, which act as competitive and/or suicide inhibitors, as it is the case of several fluoro-dopa derivatives
-
additional information
-
successful strategies to inhibit the decarboxylase have included the synthesis of fluoro-derivatives, which act as competitive and/or suicide inhibitors, as it is the case of several fluoro-dopa derivatives
-
additional information
-
overview
-
additional information
Micrococcus percitreus
-
not inhibited by D-tryptophan, kynuramine, octopamine, and 3-indoleacetate
-
additional information
-
in castrated male mice, DCC activity decreases in all parts of the small intestine, reaching values similar to those in females
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by L-alpha-fluoromethyltyrosine and L-alpha-fluoromethyl(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
-
additional information
-
human autoantibody
-
additional information
-
dopamine receptor activation decreases AAAD activity
-
additional information
-
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (100 mg/kg) increases the striatal dopamine content but elicits no effect on locomotor activity in the presence of benserazide (50 mg/kg i.p.), a peripheral AADC inhibitor. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine increases the dopamine content in the presence of 3'-hydroxybenzylhydrazine to a maximal degree similar to that in the presence of benserazide. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester is a suitable L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine antagonist that would be available under in vivo experimental conditions.; L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester would antagonize the behavioral responses of conscious rats to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the presence of 3'-hydroxybenzylhydrazine. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester elicits a dose-dependent partial antagonism against the increase in locomotor activity induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. A low dose of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester (10 mg/kg) elicits full antagonism against the potentiating effect of a non-effective dose of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (20 mg/kg) on the increase in locomotor activity induced by a dopamine D2 agonist quinpirole (0.3 mg/kg s.c.). L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine cyclohexyl ester elicits full antagonism against licking behavior induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
-
additional information
-
a decrease in urinary levels of dopamine and in renal AADC activity at 20 twenty-six weeks after renal mass ablation
-
additional information
compounds acting via a suicide mechanism by alkylating the enzyme: alpha-chloromethyl and alpha-fluoromethyl derivatives of Dopa, alpha-vinyl-Dopa and alpha-acetylenic Dopa. The phosphopyridoxyl aromatic amino acids Schiff base analogues and substrate analogues, like green tea polyphenols, also inhibit the enzyme
-
additional information
compounds acting via a suicide mechanism by alkylating the enzyme: alpha-chloromethyl and alpha-fluoromethyl derivatives of Dopa, a-vinylDopa and alpha-acetylenic Dopa. The phosphopyridoxyl aromatic amino acids Schiff base analogues and substrate analogues, like green tea polyphenols, also inhibit the enzyme
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
2-mercaptoethanol
-
enhances activity
amantadine
-
drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity
budipine
-
drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity
cGMPdependent protein kinase Ialpha
phosphorylates and activates neuronal AAAD, maximal increase of activity is obtained at about 100-175 units during a 10 min incubation at 30°C
-
clonidine
-
drug acting on alpha adrenergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity
dextrometorphan
-
drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity
dithiothreitol
-
enhances activity
forskolin
-
intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A
glutathione
-
enhances activity
ketanserin
-
drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity
L-745,870
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
L-Dopa
-
L-DOPA treatment (20-200 microM) increases the levels of dopamine by 226%-504% after 3-6 h of treatment and enhances the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
mecamylamine
-
drug acting on cholinerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity
memantine
-
drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity
metergoline
-
drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity
MK-801
-
drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity
phencyclidine
-
drug acting on glutamatergic receptor type enhances AAAD activity
phorbol-12,13-myristic acid
-
intracerebroventricularly injection enhances the enzyme activity, a response, that can be blocked by selective inhibitors of protein kinase A
pimozide
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
protein kinase A
-
phosphorylates and activates AAAD in vitro
-
remoxipride
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
SCH 23390
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor antagonist
SKF 38393
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by chronic treatment with the D1-like receptor agonist
sulpiride
-
enhanced AAAD activity by in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
Way 100635
-
drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity
clozapine
-
drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity
clozapine
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
flupenthixol
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
flupenthixol
-
enhances activity in rat striatum
haloperidol
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
haloperidol
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
light
-
increases AAAD activity in retina
-
light
-
increases AAAD activity in retina
-
light
-
increases AAAD activity in retina
-
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
increases enzyme activity greatly
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
stimulates decarboxylation of DOPA
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
stimulated by addition of excess pyridoxal phosphate
spiperone
-
drug acting on serotonerg receptor type enhances AAAD activity
spiperone
-
enhanced AAAD activity in the striatum by acute and chronic treatment with the D2-like receptor antagonist
additional information
-
A conserved AP-1 (JNK activated transcription factor complex) binding upstream of the DDC transcription start site is necessary to induce DDC transcription
-
additional information
-
aseptic wounding of larvae or adults does not lead to DDC transcriptional induction, unlike in embryos where DDC activity at the edge of the wound contributes to the formation of a melanin clot
-
additional information
-
Transcription of the dopa decarboxylase gene is induced in response to gram-negative and gram-positive septic injury, but not aseptic wounding. Ddc transcripts are detectible within 2 h and remain high for several hours following infection with either gram-negative (Escherichia coli) or gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Ddc transcription depends on a previously uncharacterized member of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family, p38c
-
additional information
-
activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases
-
additional information
-
DDC is overexpressed, at the mRNA level, in the specimens from prostate cancer patients, in comparison to those from benign prostate hyperplasia patients. High expression levels of DDC are found more frequently in high Gleason's score tumors as well as in advanced stage patients.
-
additional information
-
high expression of DDC in blood and bone marrow corresponds to metastatic neuroblastoma at diagnosis, residual disease, and poor outcome
-
additional information
-
relative to obtained dose of Adeno-associated virus type 2 including human AADC gene, high dose-dependent levels of cDNA are detected
-
additional information
-
the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein
-
additional information
-
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate deficiency reduces AADC activity
-
additional information
-
activation in vivo occurs in response to the acute action of physiological stimuli, drugs that act at neurotransmitter receptors, or modulation of the activity of endogenous kinases and phospatases
-
additional information
-
the early activation of AAAD is followed by a late, longer lasting (hours) response, which is accompanied by an increase of mRNA and protein
-
additional information
-
injection of Escherichia coli increases enzyme activity
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
0.95
2-fluoro-DOPA
-
pH 6.8, 25°C
0.039 - 3.3
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
3.35
5-fluoro-DOPA
-
pH 6.8, 25°C
0.049 - 0.49
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
0.066
5-hydroxytryptamine
-
-
0.016 - 0.23
5-hydroxytryptophan
0.7
6-fluoro-DOPA
-
pH 6.8, 25°C
0.00083 - 0.0505
dopamine
2.2 - 2.9
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
0.038 - 0.155
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
0.98
L-Phe
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
0.099 - 0.872
L-phenylalanine
0.0321
L-phenylalanyl-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
-
pH6.5-7.5, 37°C
2.4
L-Trp
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
0.0291
L-tryptophanyl-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
-
pH6.5-7.5, 37°C
0.0351
Tyr-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin
-
pH6.5-7.5, 37°C
additional information
additional information
-
0.039
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
enzyme from pharate pupae
0.052
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
pH 7.0, 32°C
0.0625
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
enzyme from white prepupae
0.074
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.087
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
recombinant enzyme
0.0952
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
native enzyme
0.14
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.14
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
brain enzyme
0.16
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.16
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.18
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.28
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.4
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.62
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
in 167 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 39 mM dithiotreitol and 0.167 mM NaEDTA, for 2 h at 37°C
1
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
enzyme form TYDC1 and TYDC2
2.3
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
3.3
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
-
0.049
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
wild-type enzyme
0.49
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan
-
in 167 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 39 mM dithiotreitol and 0.167 mM NaEDTA, for 2 h at 37°C
0.016
5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
0.02
5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
0.23
5-hydroxytryptophan
-
-
0.23
5-hydroxytryptophan
-
pH 7.0, 32°C
0.00083
dopamine
-
mutant enzyme K303A, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, at 25°C
0.0505
dopamine
-
wild type enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, at 25°C
2.2
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of 3/4 nephrectomized rats after 26 weeks
2.6
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of sham surgery rats (control) after 10 weeks
2.6
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of sham surgery rats (control) after 26 weeks
2.9
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of 3/4 nephrectomized rats after 10 weeks
0.038
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, anaerobiosis
0.047
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
in the presence of 0.07 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, in 167 mM sodium phosphate pH 8.0, at 37°C
0.053
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
in the absence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
0.155
L-5-hydroxytryptophan
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, aerobiosis
0.000095
L-Dopa
-
dopamine formation, mutant enzyme K303A, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, at 25°C
0.00092
L-Dopa
-
aldehyde formation, mutant enzyme K303A, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, at 25°C
0.028
L-Dopa
decarboxylation reaction, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.034
L-Dopa
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 0.1 mM pargyline, 0.17 mM ascorbic acid, 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM beta-mercaptoethanol, 0.01 mMM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and 0.5 mM L-Dopa, at 30°C
0.035
L-Dopa
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, anaerobiosis
0.058
L-Dopa
wild-type enzyme
0.07
L-Dopa
decarboxylation reaction, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.0703
L-Dopa
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, aerobiosis
0.086
L-Dopa
decarboxylation reaction, pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.091
L-Dopa
-
pH 6.8, 25°C
0.13
L-Dopa
-
pH 8.0, 37°C
0.307
L-Dopa
-
in the absence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, in 500 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0, at 37°C
0.333
L-Dopa
-
in the presence of 0.07 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, in 500 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0, at 37°C
4.27
L-Dopa
-
wild type enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, at 25°C
0.099
L-phenylalanine
-
pH 5.0-5.6, 36°C
0.872
L-phenylalanine
pH 8.0, 35°C
0.049
L-tryptophan
-
pH 5.0-5.6, 36°C
0.095
L-tryptophan
mutant Y348F, pH 7., 25°C
0.1 - 2
L-tryptophan
wild-type, pH 7., 25°C
0.35
L-tryptophan
pH 8.0, 35°C
2.4
L-tryptophan
Micrococcus percitreus
-
at pH 9.0 and 30°C
2.4
L-tryptophan
Micrococcus percitreus
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1
L-Tyr
-
enzyme form TYDC1 and TYDC2
1.1
L-Tyr
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
0.084
L-tyrosine
-
pH 7.0, 32°C
0.92
L-tyrosine
at pH 7.9
1.064
L-tyrosine
-
pH 5.0-5.6, 36°C
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
Thalictrum rugosum
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
0.00000113
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of 3/4 nephrectomized rats after 26 weeks
0.00001427
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of sham surgery rats (control) after 10 weeks
0.00001653
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of sham surgery rats (control) after 26 weeks
0.00001893
-
determined in homogenates of renal cortex of 3/4 nephrectomized rats after 10 weeks
0.00003
-
enzyme from HTB-14 cells, at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.00006
-
enzyme from HeLa cells, at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.0009
day 8, photoperiod
0.01037
-
solubilized enzyme, at pH 5.0 and 37°C, using L-Dopa as substrate
0.0325
-
activity of AADC, control level without treatment of L-DOPA in PC-12 cells
0.19
-
adrenal medulla enzyme
10
-
positive controls (embryonic K293 cells)
10.03
-
enzyme from SH-SY5Y cells, at 37°C, pH not specified in the publication
18.4
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
2.249
-
assay without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
3.069
-
assay with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
3.67
-
activity in peripheral leukocytes, determined by radiochemical method at 37°C
37.7
Micrococcus percitreus
-
-
0.0003
day 20 to day 36, photoperiod
0.0003
day 32 and 36, photoperiod
0.0006
day 0, 12 and 16
0.0006
day 20 and day 28, continuous light
0.0012
day 24, continuous light
0.0012
day 8, continuous light
additional information
-
-
additional information
Ddc activity is required for Escherichia coli phagocytosis
additional information
-
Ddc activity is required for Escherichia coli phagocytosis
additional information
phagocytosis, melanization and nodulation in insects depending on dopa decarboxylase activity, because antibodies against Ddc and inhibitors of Ddc activity prevent haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of excess Escherichia coli
additional information
-
phagocytosis, melanization and nodulation in insects depending on dopa decarboxylase activity, because antibodies against Ddc and inhibitors of Ddc activity prevent haemocyte aggregation and melanization in the presence of excess Escherichia coli
additional information
-
specific activity 490 U/mg, enzyme activity is expressed in nanomole of substrate transformed per minute per milliliter of enzyme preparation
additional information
-
after gene transfer in nondegenerating striatal neurons in patients, transgene expression of AADC can be monitored in the putamen
additional information
-
altered enzyme activity and regulation contributes to the decreasing therapeutic response of L-dopa
additional information
-
although the obtained specific activity values are found to be lower than the activity values observed in embryonic K293 cells, the data strongly suggest the endogenous dopamine production in these types of cells and underline the complexity of the dopamine synthetic pathway
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 0 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 4 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 33-79 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 0 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 7 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 23-34 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 0 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 9 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 23-34 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 0.2 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 1 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 47-119 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 0.6 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 3 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 33-79 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 0.6 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 8 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 23-34 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 1.6 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 6 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 36-129 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is 4.0 pmol/ml plasma per min, patient 5 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 47-119 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is below 1 U/l plasma, patient 2 with AAAD deficiency (reference range 18-34 pmol/ml plasma per min)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine
additional information
-
the purified enzyme shows a specific activity of 3.67 units/mg at 37°C
additional information
-
2076 nmol CO2/h/g wet female adrenal gland tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
21 nmol CO2/h/g wet female skeletal muscle tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
21 nmol CO2/h/g wet male testis tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
2174 nmol CO2/h/g wet male small intestine tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
2322 nmol CO2/h/g wet male adrenal gland tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
27 nmol CO2/h/g wet male skeletal muscle tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
310 nmol CO2/h/g wet male heart tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
3200 nmol CO2/h/g wet male liver tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
3247 nmol CO2/h/g wet female kidney tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
34 nmol CO2/h/g wet female ovary tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
3410 nmol CO2/h/g wet female liver tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
384 nmol CO2/h/g wet female small intestine tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
42 nmol CO2/h/g wet male prostate tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
457 nmol CO2/h/g wet male pancreas tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
476 nmol CO2/h/g wet female heart tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
533 nmol CO2/h/g wet female pancreas tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
636 nmol CO2/h/g wet male kidney tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
798 nmol CO2/h/g wet male brain, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
853 nmol CO2/h/g wet female brain tissue, 0.1 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 0.1 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 1.3 mM L-dopa, 0.03 mM dopa, DL-3,4-alanine
additional information
-
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine
additional information
-
estrogen ablation or treatment with estradiol does not affect DDC activity
additional information
-
in kidney, DNA and protein levels of DDC are remarkably higher in females than in males (sexual dimorphism)
additional information
-
in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
additional information
-
in the small intestine, male mice display higher levels of activity than females (sexual dimorphism)
additional information
-
sexual dimorphism of DCC in kidney has physiological relevance in sodium homeostasis
additional information
-
treatment of female mice with testosterone propionate elicits a robust increase in DCC activity in duodenum and jejunum, which is weaker in the ileum
additional information
-
treatment of females with testosterone propionate for short periods of time (24 and 48 h) does not significantly affect renal DCC activity, although levels of mRNA produces a marked decrease in the kidney
additional information
-
treatment of males with the antiandrogen flutamide for short periods of time (24 and 48 h) does not significantly affect renal DCC activity, although levels of mRNA produces a marked increase in the kidney
additional information
-
specific activity 10455 nkatal mg-1
additional information
-
110% activity compared to control level, treatment with 0.02 mM L-DOPA in PC-12 cells at 1 h (time point)
additional information
-
237% activity compared to control level, treatment with 0.02 mM L-DOPA in PC-12 cells at 3 h (time point)
additional information
-
242% activity compared to control level, treatment with 0.1 mM L-DOPA in PC-12 cells at 1 h (time point)
additional information
-
269% activity compared to control level, treatment with f 0.1 mM L-DOPA in PC-12 cells at 3 h (time point)
additional information
-
311% activity compared to control level, treatment with 0.2 mM L-DOPA in PC-12 cells at 1 h (time point)
additional information
-
348% activity compared to control level, treatment with 0.2 mM L-DOPA in PC-12 cells at 3 h (time point)
additional information
-
enzyme activity is closely associated with substrate response and is a determining factor for the formation of dopamine
additional information
-
in striatum and retina, kinetic activation of AAAD is rapid, short-lasting and characterized by changes in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
additional information
-
The activity of AADC begins to decrease to about 177% (0.02 mM L-DOPA), 233% (0.1 mM L-DOPA) and 297% (0.2 mM L-DOPA) of the control levels by 3-6 h, and then returns to control level by about 24-48 h
additional information
-
-
additional information
The course of the reaction of Y332 mutant with 0.3 mM L-dopa has been followed at different enzyme concentrations. Although the shapes of the profiles for the interconversion of the 2 coenzymatic forms (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate) are similar at all the enzyme concentrations tested. At each enzyme concentration there are 2 phases: at first, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate increases at the expense of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and then this tendency is reversed until approximately 85% of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor is regenerated, the amount of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate formed relative to the initial pyridoxal 5'-phosphate content of the enzyme, during consumption of L-dopa, increases as the enzyme concentration decreases. At higher enzyme concentrations, where L-dopa consumption is faster, the accumulation of the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate-intermediate is less appreciable. In every case the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate species is generated during the course of linear formation of products.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
-
fat pad, detection of enzyme protein despite of absence of the mRNA sinal after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
both the neuronal and the extraneuronal AADC mRNA isoforms are present at early brain developmental stages in the basal ganglia
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
rom the posterior iliac crest of children with neuroblastoma
brenda
-
both the neuronal and the extraneuronal AADC mRNA isoforms are present at early brain developmental stages in the brain stem
brenda
-
largest activity in young branches
brenda
different splicing variants
brenda
from leaf
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
different splicing variants
brenda
-
high DDC mRNA expression levels are found in well-differentiated and Dukes' stage A and B tumors
brenda
-
neural and non-neural type DDC
brenda
diencephalic catecholaminergic cluster and locus caeruleus of 36-h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos
brenda
-
sexual dimorphism
brenda
epiphysis, locus caeruleus, diencephalic catecholaminergic clusters, and raphe nuclei of 36-h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos
brenda
-
brenda
-
abdomen, detection of enzyme protein despite of absence of the mRNA sinal after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
brenda
-
weak
brenda
-
stellate and cervical. Exposure of the mice to repeated stress produces significant elevation of the AADC mRNA levels in stellate ganglia
brenda
different splicing variants
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
ddc transcripts are detected in the adult brain Hd-rR strain and in embryonic primordial cells at 3 days post fertilisation
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
expression of neural-type and non-neural DDC isoforms, although HeLa cells express full length and the alternative Alt-DDC isoforms, they do not possess enzymatic activity towards the decarboxylation of L-Dopa
brenda
highest expression of DDC mRNA
brenda
ddc transcripts in embryonic CNS cells at 3 days post fertilization
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
expression of neural-type and non-neural DDC isoform
brenda
-
sexual dimorphism
brenda
different splicing variants
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
IMR 32, CHP-212, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH, SK-N-FI, SK-N-AS, SK-N-BE(2) and SK-N-DZ
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
prostate cancer
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
LNCaP cell
brenda
-
total RNA is isolated from tissue specimens from benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer patients
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
ddc transcripts in embryonic CNS cells at 3 days post fertilization
brenda
-
DDC transcription is induced strongly in the flies that are septically injured with Eschericia coli or Staphylococcos aureus
brenda
-
detection of enzyme protein despite of absence of the mRNA sinal after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
adrenal medulla
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
from children with neuroblastoma
brenda
-
sample source for DNA isolation from patients with AADC deficiency
brenda
-
of larvae
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
cerebellum
brenda
-
hypothalamus
brenda
-
cerebral cortex
brenda
-
hippocampus
brenda
-
brain stem
brenda
6% of the DDC activity is located in the brain
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brain stem
brenda
dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
brenda
in substantia nigra
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
ddc transcripts are detected in the adult brain Hd-rR strain
brenda
-
-
brenda
dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
brenda
in the gray matter, AADC neurons are not only found in the region around the central canal but also in the dorsal horn, intermediate zone, and ventral horn. In the white matter a large number of glial cells are AADC-immunopositive in different spinal segments and the vast majority of these cells express oligodendrocyte and radial glial phenotypes. Additionally, a small number of AADC neurons are found in the white matter along the ventral median fissure
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
midbrain
brenda
-
cerebellum
brenda
-
hypothalamus
brenda
-
increase of AADC activity with brain development is considered to be associated with special stages of neuronal maturation and tissue differentiation
brenda
-
AADC expression in the developing pig brain is highly expressed in the basal ganglia and the brain stem regions, and also significantly expressed in the cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum
brenda
dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
sigmoid and transverse
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
clozapine modulates AAAD activity in striatum and enhances exogenous L-DOPA decarboxylation in intact mice and mice lesioned with1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Kinetic analysis of AAAD at 1 h showed an increase in the apparent Vmax for both the substrate L-DOPA and the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with no changes for Km. Dopamine D4 and 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A antagonists also increase AAAD activity in striatum
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
of larvae
brenda
-
brenda
-
transcription of DDC is induced when larvae or adults are infected, transcription is induced throughout the epidermis and not specifically at the site of infection
brenda
-
-
brenda
of 36-h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos
brenda
ddc transcripts in embryonic CNS cells at 3 days post fertilization
brenda
-
high activity in dry fruits, low activity in green fruits
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
no expression of ddc gene
brenda
-
brenda
-
DDC transcription is induced strongly in the flies that are septically injured with Eschericia coli or Staphylococcos aureus
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
right atrium, left atrium, right ventriculum, left ventriculum
brenda
novel imprinted dopa decarbylase gene on chromosome 11 is a 2kb transcript variant that initiates from an alternative first exon in intron 1 of the canonical Ddc transcript, it is paternally expressed in trabecular cardiomyocytes of the embryonic and neonatal heart. Imprinted gene expression is progressively downregulated in the heart during postnatal development and occurs only at low basal levels in the adult heart.
brenda
-
right atrium, left atrium, right ventriculum, left ventriculum
-
brenda
no expression of ddc gene
brenda
-
brenda
haemolymph from third instar larvae is collected and centrifuged and the sedimented haemocytes are used, surface-associated Ddc and inside localization, changes in the level of haemocyte-surface Ddc are observed during larval development, with a peak in the white pupae
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
terminal
brenda
-
sexual dimorphism
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
cortex
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
medulla and cortex
brenda
-
obtained from normal individuals just after sacrifice by carbon dioxide
brenda
-
sexual dimorphism
brenda
-
medulla and cortex
-
brenda
ddc transcripts are detected in the adult brain Hd-rR strain
brenda
-
brenda
-
renal dopaminergic system activity in rat (3/4 nephrectomized) kidney up to 26 weeks after surgery
brenda
-
-
4200, 4205, 4209, 4214, 4218, 4222, 4230, 4234, 4235, 715296, 744252 brenda
-
brenda
dopa decarboxylase and dopamine beta hydroxylase transcripts are detectable during the whole ontogenesis excect for the dopamine beta hydroxylase transcripts in 2-cell embryos stage. The expression level of both mRNAs increases significantly in the veliger stage, and reaches the peak in late and mid-veliger larvae, respectively. Two dopa decarboxylase immunoreactive areas are observed in the trochophore and D-hinged larvae, and then three immunoreactive areas and two immunopositive fibres formed in early and late veliger larvae, respectively
brenda
-
integument
brenda
-
mature
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
suspension-cultured cell from leaf
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
peripheral
brenda
-
peripheral leukocyte
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
ddc transcripts are detected in the adult brain Hd-rR strain
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
DDC is expressed in neuroendocrine differentiated cells
brenda
-
detection of enzyme protein despite of absence of the mRNA sinal after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
brenda
-
detection of enzyme protein despite of absence of the mRNA sinal after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
ddc transcripts in embryonic CNS cells at 3 days post fertilization
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
ddc transcripts in embryonic CNS cells at 3 days post fertilization
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
the bas-I gene encodes an AADC enzyme, expression in serotonergic and dopinergic neurons
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
striatal neurons
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
AADC neurons, the shapes and sizes of AADC neurons vary according to their location
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
ddc transcripts are detected in the adult brain Hd-rR strain
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
pyridoxine depletion decreases the content of the enzyme
brenda
-
derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
from patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
of 36-h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
expression of neural-type DDC isoform
brenda
-
-
brenda
no expression of ddc gene
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
no expression of ddc gene
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
no expression of ddc gene
brenda
additional information
-
tissue specificity is proposed to be directed by both alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing
brenda
additional information
neuronal and non-neuronal tissues express DDC mRNAs with distinct 5'-UTR due to alternative promotor usage and alternative splicing within the 5'-UTR. Different splicing variants are observed in cancer cells. The human DDC gene is highly expressed in substantia nigra, terminal ileum,colon transverse, kidney cortex, liver, and pancreas
brenda
additional information
-
neuronal and non-neuronal tissues express DDC mRNAs with distinct 5'-UTR due to alternative promotor usage and alternative splicing within the 5'-UTR. Different splicing variants are observed in cancer cells. The human DDC gene is highly expressed in substantia nigra, terminal ileum,colon transverse, kidney cortex, liver, and pancreas
brenda
additional information
immunohistochemic localization study using anti-AADC antibodies with AADC immunoreactivity by the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) peroxidase immunohistochemistry, overview. The diverse morphological characteristics of the AADC cells suggests that they can be further divided into several subtypes
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
malfunction
-
AADC deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the AADC gene leading to severely reduced AADC activity. The condition presents early in life and is characterized by axial hypotonia, hypokinesia, choreoathetosis, developmentaldelay and episodes of dystonia, limb hypertonia and oculogyric crises
malfunction
-
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is characterized by oculogyric crises, paroxysmal dystonic attacks, and severe psychomotor retardation since early infancy
malfunction
-
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency (AADCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder caused by a deficit of the AADC that is involved in serotonin and dopamine biosynthesis, causing serotonin and dopamine deficits, but also a lack of norepinephrine and epinephrine, given that dopamine is their precursor. The mutation S250F causes permanent dystonic posture at the 4 limbs with numbness and tingling, diplopia, and low potassium levels, mood problems, fever, bradycardia alternating with atrial and ventricular fibrillation, loss of consciousness, involuntary parossistic eye and head movements, bilateral ptosis, oculogyric crises with dystonia of the head, muscle hypotrophy, and absent deep tendon reflexes. The phenotypic spectrum of AADCD is broad and can range from very severe to relatively mild, overview
malfunction
gene-disease associations and common pathologies, detailed overview
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of terpenoidindole alkaloids
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) biosynthetic pathway
physiological function
DDC is involved in the Tribolium cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation pathway, and is a candidate for the gene that is mutated in black
physiological function
-
dopa decarboxylase is necessary for insect cuticular melanization
physiological function
part of vindoline biosynthesis
physiological function
DDC modulates the immune responses such as hemocytes encapsulation as well as the reactive oxygen species level through its catalytic activity, functioning as an indispensable immunomodulating enzyme in the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network of mollusk
physiological function
neuronal AAAD plays a role in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, indoleamines and trace amines in the nervous system
physiological function
during bacillamide C biosynthesis, the decarboxylation of L-tryptophan to tryptamine is likely conducted first under aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase catalysis, followed by the amidation of tryptamine with the carboxylic product of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases gene cluster
physiological function
inhibition of dopa dearboxylase by inhibitor NSD-1015 or anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotides reduces brain volume and body length. Oligonucleotide-treated emryos display brain cell apoptosis and loss of dipencephalic catecholaminergic cluster neurons as well as seizure-like activity in a dose-dependent manner. Treated embroys have less sensitive touch response and impaired swimming activity that can be rescued by injection of plasmids carrying the dopa decarboxylase gene. In addition, eye movement is significantly impaired in treated embryos
physiological function
-
RNAi-induced dopa decarboxylase expression obviously declines in the silkworm larvae, and the pupae show no pupation or incomplete pupation
physiological function
the tyrosine or phenylalanine residue in the catalytic loop region could serve as a signature residue to reliably distinguish plant arylalkylamine and aldehyde synthesizing aromatic amino acid decarboxylases
physiological function
the tyrosine or phenylalanine residue in the catalytic loop region could serve as a signature residue to reliably distinguish plant arylalkylamine and aldehyde synthesizing aromatic amino acid decarboxylases
physiological function
transgenic hairy root lines produce inceased amounts of tryptamine, but are unable to produce mitragynine
physiological function
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is an essential enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, and certain trace amines and is active in a variety of organs including the brain and spinal cord
physiological function
mammalian Dopa decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of L-Dopa and L-5 hydroxytryptophan to dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Both of them are biologically active neurotransmitters whose levels has to be finely tuned. An altered concentration of dopamine is the cause of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Enzyme DDC is not considered to be rate-limiting in physiological catecholamines or indoleamines synthesis, but it becomes rate-limiting in several pathological states related to aberrant dopamine production, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or the bipolar syndrome. PD is a chronic progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. These symptons are caused by the low levels of dopamine resulting from the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra of the brain
physiological function
mammalian Dopa decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of L-Dopa and L-5 hydroxytryptophan to dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Both of them are biologically active neurotransmitters whose levels has to be finely tuned. Enzyme DDC is not considered to be rate-limiting in physiological catecholamines or indoleamines synthesis
physiological function
mammalian Dopa decarboxylase catalyzes the conversion of L-Dopa and L-5 hydroxytryptophan to dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Both of them are biologically active neurotransmitters whose levels has to be finely tuned. Enzyme DDC is not considered to be rate-limiting in physiological catecholamines or indoleamines synthesis. The aromatic compounds produced by oxidative deamination through the enzyme possess similar biological activities as the aromatic amines and thus are strong biologically active signals
physiological function
the enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of dopamine. It is involved in common physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, gastrointestinal track function, immunity, cell growth and cell differentiation. Memory seems to be an important physiological function involving histamine, dopamine, and serotonin
physiological function
-
during bacillamide C biosynthesis, the decarboxylation of L-tryptophan to tryptamine is likely conducted first under aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase catalysis, followed by the amidation of tryptamine with the carboxylic product of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases gene cluster
-
additional information
structural and functional analogies and differences between histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase molecular networks, overview. Human histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) are highly homologous enzymes responsible for the synthesis of biogenic amines (BA) like histamine, and serotonin and dopamine, respectively
additional information
-
structural and functional analogies and differences between histidine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.22) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase molecular networks, overview. Human histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) are highly homologous enzymes responsible for the synthesis of biogenic amines (BA) like histamine, and serotonin and dopamine, respectively
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.