EC Number |
Recommended Name |
Application |
---|
1.3.1.10 | enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, Si-specific) |
drug development |
the bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase is a target for antibacterial drug development |
1.3.1.92 | artemisinic aldehyde DELTA11(13)-reductase |
drug development |
oral feeding of whole intact plant cells bioencapsulating the artemisinin reduces the Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia levels in challenged mice in comparison with commercial drug. The synergistic approache may facilitate low-cost production and delivery of artemisinin and other drugs through metabolic engineering of edible plants |
1.3.3.4 | protoporphyrinogen oxidase |
drug development |
protoporphyrinogen oxidase is one of the most important action targets of commercial herbicides |
1.3.3.4 | protoporphyrinogen oxidase |
drug development |
enzyme PPO is an excellent target for commercial herbicides |
1.3.5.2 | dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
DHODH represents a potential target for anti-malarial therapy |
1.3.8.2 | 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming) |
drug development |
the enzyme CrtN is an attractive and druggable target for fighting pigmented Staphylococcus aureus infections |
1.4.1.2 | glutamate dehydrogenase |
drug development |
although AtGDH1 is insensitive to MPD in activity assays, several (+/-)-2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) binding sites with conserved sequence are identified and the observation of druggable sites opens a potential for non-competitive herbicide design |
1.4.1.9 | leucine dehydrogenase |
drug development |
construction of bifunctional formate dehydrogenase and leucine dehydrogenase enzymatic complex for efficient cofactor regeneration and L-tert leucine biotransformation. L-tert leucine is a widely used chiral building block in many asymmetric reactions for the synthesis of anti-tumor and anti-HIV drugs |
1.4.3.1 | D-aspartate oxidase |
drug development |
a DDO inhibitor that augments brain D-Asp levels can be a potent antipsychotic drug for the treatment of NMDA receptor-related disease |
1.4.3.2 | L-amino-acid oxidase |
drug development |
ACTX-6 demonstrates cytotoxicity in vitro and can inhibit tumor growth in vivo. It can markedly increase accumulation of sub-G1 phase, which suggests that this enzyme can induce apoptosis. ACTX-6 is a potential substance to develop into an antitumor drug |
1.4.3.2 | L-amino-acid oxidase |
drug development |
purified LAAO-I exhibits antiprotozoal activities which are demonstrated to be hydrogen-peroxide mediated. Exposure of promastigotes of Leishmania sp. results in dose-dependent parasite killing. LAAOs are interesting multifunctional enzymes, not only for a better understanding of the ophidian envenomation mechanism, but also due to their biotechnological potential as model for therapeutic agents |
1.4.3.3 | D-amino-acid oxidase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a drug target in schizophrenia |
1.4.3.3 | D-amino-acid oxidase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia treatment |
1.4.3.3 | D-amino-acid oxidase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target in schizophrenia treatment |
1.4.3.4 | monoamine oxidase |
drug development |
dual-target-directed drugs, compounds that inhibit MAO-B and antagonize A2A receptors, may have value in the management of Parkinson's disease, overview |
1.4.3.4 | monoamine oxidase |
drug development |
MAO-A is a target for a series of therapeutically valuable drugs. Thus, selective MAO-A inhibitors are used as antidepressants |
1.4.3.4 | monoamine oxidase |
drug development |
MAO-B is a target for a series of therapeutically valuable drugs. Thus, selective MAO-B inhibitors are used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease |
1.4.3.4 | monoamine oxidase |
drug development |
indole and benzofuran derivatives are promising reversible MAO-B inhibitors with a possible role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons disease |
1.4.3.4 | monoamine oxidase |
drug development |
active monoamine oxidase inhibitors represent suitable leads for the development of drugs for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are also of interest for the treatment of prostate cancer, certain types of cardiomyopathies and Alzheimer's disease |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
enzyme is identical to enzyme from Bacillus anthracis. Use of enzyme as antimicrobial target for Bacillus anthracis, homology modelling of inhibitors and growth inhibition assays |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
enzyme is identical to enzyme from Bacillus cereus. Use of enzyme from Bacillus cereus as antimicrobial target for Bacillus anthracis, homology modelling of inhibitors and growth inhibition assays |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
comparison of Danio rerio and human enzyme to evaluate the suitability of the fish enzyme as an assay system for antifolate drug discovery. Structural and kinetic proterties of both enzymes are similar and susceptibilites to known inhibitors are also comparable |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
comparison of Danio rerio and human enzyme to evaluate the suitability of the fish enzyme as an assay system for antifolate drug discovery. Structural and kinetic proterties of both enzymes are similar and susceptibilities to known inhibitors are also comparable |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
expression of bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase in plasmodium falciparum to assess interaction with antifolates |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
modeling of 31 pyrimethamine derivatives into the active site of dihydrofolate reductase obtained from crystal structures 1J3I.pdb and 1J3K.pdb. Evaluation of predicted binding modes and key protein-ligand interactions |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
modeling of 32 pyrimethamine derivatives into the active site of dihydrofolate reductase obtained from crystal structure 1J3K.pdb. Evaluation of predicted binding modes and key protein-ligand interactions |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
receptor-based pharmacophore models based on ensembles of protein conformations from molecular dynamics simulations of enzyme in complex with NADPH in both the closed and open conformation of the M20 loop. Optimal models identify enzyme inhibitors over druglike noninhibitors. Model performance improves with increased dynamic sampling |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
use of multiple protein structure technique for structure-based drug discovery. Construction of receptor-based pharmacophores using multiple X-ray crystallographic structures. Models incorporate a fair degree of protein flexibility and are highly selective for known inhibitors over drug-like non-inhibitors |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
DHFR is a valid drug target |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
mtDHFR is an attractive target for the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a possible target for treatment of cryptosporidiosis caused by the organism |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for antifolate drugs. The parasite develops resistance to several used antifolates via mutations in the active site, e.g. point mutations of residues Ala16, Ile51, Cys59, Ser108 and Ile164, overview |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for drug development since the organism causes the opportunistic infection Pneumocystis pneumonia, a major cause of mortality in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, patients |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for drug development since the organism causes the opportunistic infection toxoplasmosis, a major cause of mortality in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS, patients |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for inhibitor design, overview |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the essential enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the essential enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors for treatment of the biodefense organism Bacillus anthracis |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the essential enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors for treatment of the causative agent in AIDS pneumonia |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
dihydrofolate reductase is a potential drug target for the elimination of Brugia malayi, one of the three causative agents of lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic disease |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
enzyme DHFR is an important drug target |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for drug development in the treatment of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), an infectious disease caused by two distinct subspecies of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei subsp. gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei subsp. rhodesiense |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is an anti-parasitic drug target, e.g. for malaria or human cancers, because rapidly growing cells require folate to produce thymine |
1.5.1.3 | dihydrofolate reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme represents an attractive target for inhibitor design to disrupt systems that require rapid DNA turnover, e.g. proliferating cancer cells and pathogenic microbes |
1.5.1.33 | pteridine reductase |
drug development |
target for antifolate chemotherapy against Leishmania |
1.5.1.33 | pteridine reductase |
drug development |
target for antiparasite drug development |
1.5.1.33 | pteridine reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is considered a promising target for anti-leishmanial drug development and several inhibitors that share the substrate scaffold |
1.5.1.33 | pteridine reductase |
drug development |
the classical antifolates targeting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are ineffective towards trypanosomatid parasites owing to a metabolic bypass by the expression of pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1). The combined inhibition of PTR1 and DHFR activities in Trypanosoma parasites represents a promising strategy for the development of new effective treatments for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) |
1.5.1.39 | FMN reductase [NAD(P)H] |
drug development |
enzyme ChuY is a potential target for the development of antibacterial or antivirulence drugs to combat not only UPEC but a broad range of pathogenic bacteria that contain chuY system or its orthologue, ranging from Vibrio to staphylococcal species |
1.6.2.2 | cytochrome-b5 reductase |
drug development |
flavonoids, regarding b5 reductase inhibition, indicate a potential for significant flavonoiddrug and/or flavonoidxenobiotic interactions which may have important therapeutic and toxicological outcomes for certain drugs and/or xenobiotics. |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
ability of ketoconazole and itraconazole to induce NQO1 gene expression at the transcriptional level through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
cytoprotective effect of bromocriptine involving PI3K- and Nrf2-mediated upregulation of the antioxidant enzyme NQO1, which may be a therapeutic strategy to protect cells from oxidative damage in Parkinsons disease |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
design of novel lavendamycin analogues with enhanced, selective, and potent antitumor activity |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
greater induction activities of the phase II enzyme quinone reductase associated with stilbenoids serve as a useful starting point for the design of improved chemopreventive agents |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
in vitro, almond skin polyphenols act as antioxidants and induce quinone reductase activity, but these actions are dependent upon their dose, method of extraction, and interaction with antioxidant vitamins |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
induction of phase 2 enzymes, e.g. NQO1 increases resistance to chemical carcinogenesis. Isothiocyanates can therefore be valuable chemopreventative agents, and the specificity of these substances toward the urinary bladder suggest that they may be particularly useful for protecting against bladder cancer |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
mild temperature heat shock elevates the NQO1 expression in cancer cells, which in turn markedly increases the sensitivity of the cells to the bioreductive drug beta-lapachone in vitro and in vivo |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase is a major detoxifying enzyme for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Eugenol has a potent protective effect against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced genotoxicity, presumably through the suppression of the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene activation and the induction of its detoxification through NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
new coumarin-based competitive inhibitors of NQO1. NQO1 inhibition as an anticancer drug design target and superoxide generation as the dicoumarol-mediated mechanism of cytotoxicity |
1.6.5.2 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) |
drug development |
the enzyme is a valuable target for activating stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems based on quinone derivatives, such as prodrugs and liposomes |
1.7.1.6 | azobenzene reductase |
drug development |
azoreductases from enteric bacteria are targets in the development of drugs for the treatment of colon related disorders |
1.7.1.7 | GMP reductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for the design of trypanocidal agents, e.g. based on mycophenolic acid |
1.7.3.3 | factor-independent urate hydroxylase |
drug development |
urate oxidase has the potential to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of gout |
1.8.1.B1 | thioredoxin glutathione reductase |
drug development |
identification of inhibitory compounds facilitates further development of anti-schistosomiasis drugs with novel mechanism of action |
1.8.1.4 | dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase |
drug development |
a homology model for PfaE3 reveals an extra anti-parallel beta-strand at the position where human E3BP (E3-binding protein) interacts with E3, a parasite-specific feature that may be exploitable for drug discovery against pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, PDC. Plasmodium PDC is essential for parasite survival in the mosquito vector and for late liver stage development in the human host, suggesting its suitability as a target for intervention strategies against malaria |
1.8.5.8 | eukaryotic sulfide quinone oxidoreductase |
drug development |
the coenzyme Q-binding pocket in human SQOR is a druggable target, potential of SQOR inhibitors to provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) |
1.8.5.8 | eukaryotic sulfide quinone oxidoreductase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for structure-based drug design |
1.8.98.2 | sulfiredoxin |
drug development |
Srx may be a potential target for prevention or treatment of cancer, the colorimetric assay would be useful for high-throughput screening of Srx inhibitors as demonstrated |
1.10.3.1 | catechol oxidase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for development of specific inhibitors to avoid unfavorable enzymatic browning of plant-derived foods by tyrosinase causing decrease in nutritional quality and economic loss of food products |
1.13.11.6 | 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a a potential target in treating numerous disorders related to the concentration of quinolinic acid, the kynurenine pathway product |
1.13.11.6 | 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for pharmacological downregulation because it is involved in formation of quinolinic acid, a highly potent excitotoxin implicated in a number of neurodegenerative conditions |
1.13.11.11 | tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for drug development |
1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
drug development |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), an essential enzyme in tyrosine catabolism, is an important target for treating type I tyrosinemia |
1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
drug development |
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is one of the most promising target sites for herbicide discovery |
1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
drug development |
plant 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is the molecular target for development of specific inhibitors |
1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for inhibitor and herbicide development |
1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is an important target for treating type I tyrosinemia and alkaptonuria due to its significant role in tyrosine catabolism |
1.13.11.27 | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase |
drug development |
the human enzyme is a target for drug development in treatment of type 1 tyrosinemia, alkaptonuria, and hawkinsinuria, overvuew |
1.13.11.31 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
cardiac 12/15-LOX is involved in the development of heart failure and inhibition of 12/15-LOX may be a novel treatment for this condition |
1.13.11.31 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
induction of pro-carcinogenic 12-LOX pathway by an anticancer ceramide, which may be relevant to cancer biologists studying drug resistant tumors and devising potent anticancer therapeutic strategies to treat drug resistant tumors. Induction of 12-LOX pathway by ceramide may have implications in understanding pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases involving reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation |
1.13.11.31 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
inhibition of 12/15-LOX provides robust protection against cell death preventing mitochondrial damage in oxidative stress-related brain injury |
1.13.11.31 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
p12-LOX pathway may be an effective target of chemoprevention for skin carcinogenesis |
1.13.11.33 | arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
15-LO-1 is an attractive pharmacological target for treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases like asthma, rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
1.13.11.33 | arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
systemic delivery of cholesterol-tagged siRNAs targeting 12/15-LO has renoprotective effects under diabetic conditions and therefore can be a novel therapeutic approach for diabetic nephropathy |
1.13.11.33 | arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
trials of 15LO1 pathway inhibitors in asthma may be a promising treatment strategy |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target in drug design for cancer therapy, inhibitors inclinical trials, overview |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is an emerging target in obesity, insulin resistance, and artherosclerosis |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
caffeoyl clusters are good lead compounds in the design and synthesis of more potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
due to their high potency against 5-lipoxygenase and the marked efficacy in biological systems, benzo[g]indole-3-carboxylates may have potential as anti-inflammatory therapeutics |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
gender difference in biosynthesis of leukotrienes (inflammatory mediators) may lead to new possibilities regarding development and use of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
pirinixic acid derivatives constitute a novel class of dual mPGES-1/5-lipoxygenase inhibitors with a promising pharmacologial profile and a potential for therapeutic use |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a target for drug design. Due to its role in the production of inflammatory lipid mediators, 5-LOX is a target for the development of therapeutics for conditions as diverse as asthma, cardiovascular disease, pancreatic cancer, and traumatic brain injury |
1.13.11.34 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase |
drug development |
human 5-lipoxygenase is a well-validated target for anti-inflammatory therapy. Development of 5-LOX inhibitors with higher activities is highly required |
1.13.11.52 | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for drug development |
1.13.11.52 | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a promising therapeutic target of cancer |
1.13.11.52 | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
drug development |
therapeutic inhibition of IDO1 is receiving much attention due to its proposed role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cancer, hypotension and neurodegenerative disorders |
1.13.11.52 | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase |
drug development |
increased levels of hIDO1 expression in tumor cells correlate with a poor prognosis for surviving several cancer types. hIDO1 is a drug target for cancer therapy, design of de novo inhibitors selective for hIDO1. |
1.14.11.1 | gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase |
drug development |
enzyme BBOX is a drug target for the treatment of myocardial infarction |
1.14.11.2 | procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase |
drug development |
P4H is a target for therapeutic drug development in various pathologies, e.g. angiogenesis, fibrosis, ischemia, anemia, and hypoxia, overview |
1.14.11.2 | procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase |
drug development |
the enzyme is a target for design of PHD inhibitors aimed at treating anemia and ischemic disease |
1.14.11.11 | hyoscyamine (6S)-dioxygenase |
drug development |
tropane alkaloids, such as hyoscyamine, 6-hydroxyhyoscyamine and scopolamine, are secondary metabolites that are traditionally applied in medicine due to their anticholinergic activity. An alternative strategy for the production of the most valuable alkaloids, 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine and scopolamine, using Escherichia coli harboring the hyoscyamine-6beta-hydroxylase enzyme as biocatalysts is developed |