5.1.99.4: alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase
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For detailed information about alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.1.99.4
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5.1.99.4
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prostate
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adenocarcinoma
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papillary
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cytokeratins
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high-grade
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gleason
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prostatectomy
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neoplasia
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needle
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clinicopathologic
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vimentin
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intraepithelial
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prostate-specific
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eosinophilic
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urothelial
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acinar
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pathologist
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immunophenotype
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34betae12
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hgpin
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chromophobe
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atypia
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pristanic
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oncocytic
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suspicious
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oncocytomas
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transurethral
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nucleoli
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drug development
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tmprss2-erg
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metanephric
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fuhrman
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immunomarkers
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chrcc
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cribriform
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analysis
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nephrogenic
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medicine
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psammoma
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pharmacology
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sarcomatoid
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hobnail
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tubulocystic
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immunoprofile
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adenosis
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phytanic
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diagnostics
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tubulopapillary
- 5.1.99.4
- prostate
- adenocarcinoma
-
papillary
-
cytokeratins
-
high-grade
-
gleason
-
prostatectomy
- neoplasia
-
needle
-
clinicopathologic
- vimentin
-
intraepithelial
-
prostate-specific
-
eosinophilic
-
urothelial
-
acinar
-
pathologist
-
immunophenotype
-
34betae12
-
hgpin
-
chromophobe
-
atypia
-
pristanic
-
oncocytic
-
suspicious
- oncocytomas
-
transurethral
-
nucleoli
- drug development
-
tmprss2-erg
-
metanephric
-
fuhrman
-
immunomarkers
-
chrcc
-
cribriform
- analysis
-
nephrogenic
- medicine
-
psammoma
- pharmacology
-
sarcomatoid
-
hobnail
-
tubulocystic
-
immunoprofile
-
adenosis
-
phytanic
- diagnostics
-
tubulopapillary
Reaction
Synonyms
2-arylpropionyl-CoA epimerase, 2-methylacyl-CoA racemase, alpha-methyl CoA racemase, alpha-Methylacyl CoA racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase 1A, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, AMACR, AMACR 1A, AMACR IA, amacr/P504S, GenBank U89905-derived protein GI2145184, GenBank U89906-derived protein GI 2145186, ibuprofenoyl-CoA epimerase, MCR, P504S, Racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A, Racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A (Mus musculus clone 3), Racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A (Rattus norvegicus clone 11)
ECTree
5.1.99.4 alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemaseAdvanced search results
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Application on EC 5.1.99.4 - alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase
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APPLICATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
analysis
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fluorescent enzyme-linked aptamer assay for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase. The assay shows a dynamic range from 0.1 to 1000 nM of AMACR, a low detection limit of 0.44 nM (19.5 ng/ml), and high AMACR specificity
diagnostics
drug development
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AMACR can be an attractive target for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-based immunotherapy for cancer
medicine
pharmacology
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the enzyme is partially validated as a potential therapeutic target by siRNA knockdown of the AMACR gene, overview
diagnostics
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the enzyme can be used as a marker in the differential diagnosis of metanephric adenoma and as a molecular marker for prostate carcinoma
diagnostics
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the enzyme is a biomarker overexpressed in prostate carcinomas and is associated with prostate cancer progression
diagnostics
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the enzyme is a sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer
diagnostics
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the enzyme is a tool in the diagnosis of morphologically difficult prostatic carcinoma and is used in combination with the basal cell markers p63 and 34betaE12, the enzyme might also be useful in diagnostics of extramammary Paget disease, EMPD
diagnostics
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the enzyme is useful for detection of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma
diagnostics
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AMACR is established as a valuable diagnostic marker for prostate cancer and has shown to be useful in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma
diagnostics
biomarker for cancer in prostate, breast, colon, renal and other cancer cells
diagnostics
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combined AMACR/p53 analysis to identify dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease
diagnostics
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cytokeratin 5/6 and AMACR applied as double sequential immunostains for diagnostic assessment of problematic prostate specimens
diagnostics
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the elevated expression of the P504S gene and its enzyme product can serve as a molecular marker for prostate cancer
diagnostics
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the enzyme is used to detect prostatic adenocarcinoma and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and also as a marker for other neoplasms, including those of the genitourinary system, breast, upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and their precursor lesions
medicine
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the activity of EC 5.1.99.4 may prove to be a valuable parameter for the prenatal diagnosis of general defects of peroxisome biogenesis such as Zellweger syndrome
medicine
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the enzyme potentially can be used as an intermediate endpoint in chemoprevention trials or as a risk stratification tool among patients with negative prostatic biopsies. increased enzyme expression might be a characteristic of high-risk normal tissue
medicine
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in patients with early Barrett's adenocarcinoma treated with surgery, 91% of cases with low-grade dysplasia show immunoreactivity for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, and 96% of case with high-grade dysplasia and early Barrett's adenocarcinoma are positive for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase
medicine
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in patients with gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and its precursors, staining for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase is uniformly negative in samples negative for dysplasia and indefinite for dysplasia. In the groups of high-grade dysplasia and invasive intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, 76% and 34% of samples are positive for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, respectively. Expression of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase is not correlated with location, Helicobacter pylori infection, or intestinal metaplasia
medicine
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in patients with noninvasive bladder cancer, there is a significant positive correlation between alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase expression and higher tumor grades according to both the the 1973 World Health Organization and the 1998 WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology system
medicine
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alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase is a biomarker for prostate cancer and a putative target for the development of therapeutic agents directed against the disease, inhibition of enzyme activity may also act synergistically with androgen ablation therapy
medicine
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AMACR is a prognostic factor in prostate and colorectal cancer, AMACR expression is significantly associated with poor overall survival
medicine
AMACR is used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer and is a standard biomarker for needle biopsy specimens with ambiguous lesions
medicine
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reduction of AMACR activity is proposed as a treatment for prostate and other cancers
medicine
AMACR is expressed in prostate cancer cell lines but is absent in normal and non-tumour prostate epithelial cell lines. Presence of trifluoroibuprofen induces down-modulation of AMACR expression, suppression of the survival Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and down-modulation of cyclin D1 and survivin with G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Oral administration is associated with acute toxicity at doses >75 mg/Kg/day
medicine
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immunohistochemistry of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, AMACR, cyclin D1, and E-cadherin show no exclusive staining for nevi or melanomas. A significant overexpression of AMACR is found in malignant melanomas compared to benign nevi and is associated with an increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A staining
medicine
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The expression of AMACR is an independent factor for the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The median survival time is 17 months in the low expression group compared with 45 months in the high expression group
