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5.1.99.4: alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 5.1.99.4

Reaction

(2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA
=
(2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA

Synonyms

2-arylpropionyl-CoA epimerase, 2-methylacyl-CoA racemase, alpha-methyl CoA racemase, alpha-Methylacyl CoA racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase 1A, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, AMACR, AMACR 1A, AMACR IA, amacr/P504S, GenBank U89905-derived protein GI2145184, GenBank U89906-derived protein GI 2145186, ibuprofenoyl-CoA epimerase, MCR, P504S, Racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A, Racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A (Mus musculus clone 3), Racemase, alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A (Rattus norvegicus clone 11)

ECTree

     5 Isomerases
         5.1 Racemases and epimerases
             5.1.99 Acting on other compounds
                5.1.99.4 alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase

Expression

Expression on EC 5.1.99.4 - alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
AMACR is negative in postatrophic hyperplasia, mucinous metaplasia, and urothelial metaplasia
-
AMACR is overexpressed in prostate cancer
-
coexpression of alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase and nuclear p53 in neoplastic lesions
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decreasing alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase expression in tumors with less sebaceous differentiation, these findings provide insight into the potential pathogenesis of sebaceous neoplasms while assisting in the microscopic distinction of sebaceous adenoma from sebaceous carcinoma
-
enzyme is over-expressed in prostate and other cancers
enzyme is strongly expressed in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues as compared with benign or normal prostate tissues, furthermore, enzyme is expressed abundantly in colorectal cancer, lung cancer tissues, renal and hepatic cancer, whereas it is barely detected in benign tissues and normal prostate epithelial cells
-
in addition to the over-expression in prostate carcinoma, enzyme is also over-expressed in a number of adenocarcinomas, notably colorectal carcinoma as well as in hepatocellular and renal cell carcinoma
-
partial atrophy shows negative and weak expression of alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase in 75.3% and 24.7% acini, the secretory compartment in all variants of complete atrophy shows alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase negative expression
patients with benign prostate hyperplasia have negative expression of AMACR
-
positive AMACR immunehistochemistry staining is strongly associated with neoplastic transformation of the colon epithelium, AMACR positively is observed in the majority of invasive cancers and histologically recognized dysplasias
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presence of trifluoroibuprofen induces down-modulation of AMACR expression, suppression of the survival Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and down-modulation of cyclin D1 and survivin with G2/M arrest and apoptosis
significant overexpression of AMACR is found in malignant melanomas compared to benign nevi
-
the expression of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase is increased in benign sebaceous glands and sebaceous hyperplasia
-
transcript levels of most AMACR splice variants are significantly upregulated in prostate cancer compared with its adjacent normal counterparts (in the order: IA>> IAd = IIA>> IIAs> IAs), while splice variant IB is the most abundant form of B variant and expression of splice variant IIB is negligible