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(1S)-1-(chloromethyl)-3-([5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl]carbonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]indol-5-yl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + [(1S)-1-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-3H-benzo[e]indol-3-yl][5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-1H-indol-2-yl]methanone
-
-
-
-
?
(1S,3S)-3,12-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-{[({2-[({[4-(beta-D-glucopyranuronosyloxy)-3-nitrobenzyl]oxy}carbonyl)amino]-5-({[(2-{[4-({[(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}methyl)benzoyl]amino}phenyl)carbamoyl]oxy}methyl)benzyl}oxy)carbonyl]amino}-alpha-D-lyxo-hexopyranoside + H2O
D-glucuronate + (1S,3S)-3,12-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxyacetyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-[({[2-({[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-5-({[(2-{[4-({[(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}methyl)benzoyl]amino}phenyl)carbamoyl]oxy}methyl)benzyl]oxy}carbonyl)amino]-alpha-D-lyxo-hexopyranoside
-
-
-
-
?
(4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4-OSO3-)beta1-)2 + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
no activity with enzyme acting on chondroitin, 142% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
(4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4-OSO3-)beta1-)3 + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
no activity with enzyme acting on chondroitin, 63% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
(4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(6-OSO3-)beta1-)2 + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
no activity with enzyme acting on chondroitin, 50% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
(4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(6-OSO3-)beta1-)3 + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
no activity with enzyme acting on chondroitin, 33% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
(4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAcbeta1-)2 + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
66% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on chondroitin, 90% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
(4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAcbeta1-)3 + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
56% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on chondroitin, 71% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
(4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-)3 + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
81% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on chondroitin, 73% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
1-deoxy-1-(6-thiopurinyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O
6-mercaptopurine + D-glucopyranose
-
-
-
-
?
1-deoxy-1-(6-thiopurinyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronamide + H2O
6-mercaptopurine + 1-deoxy-D-glucopyranosiduronamide
-
-
-
-
?
1-O-([4-[(10R,11S)-10-([[(2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl]oxy]carbonyl)-4-methyl-3,8,13-trioxo-11,13-diphenyl-2,7,9-trioxa-4,12-diazatridec-1-yl]phenyl]carbamoyl)-beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
D-glucuronate + [4-[(10R,11S)-10-[[((2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl]oxy]carbonyl)-4-methyl-3,8,13-trioxo-11,13-diphenyl-2,7,9-trioxa-4,12-diazatridec-1-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid
-
-
-
-
?
1-O-[(2-[[4-(acetylamino)benzoyl]amino]phenyl)carbamoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranuronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + (2-[[4-(acetylamino)benzoyl]amino]phenyl)carbamic acid
-
-
-
-
?
1-O-[(4-[[([[(1S,2R)-1-(benzoylamino)-3-[[(2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl]oxy]-3-oxo-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]oxy]carbonyl)oxy]methyl]phenyl)carbamoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranuronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + (4-[[([[(1S,2R)-1-(benzoylamino)-3-[[(2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl]oxy]-3-oxo-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]oxy]carbonyl)oxy]methyl]phenyl)carbamic acid
-
-
-
-
?
2-amino-4-[(10R,11S)-10-([[(2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl]oxy]carbonyl)-4,7-dimethyl-3,8,13-trioxo-11,13-diphenyl-2,9-dioxa-4,7,12-triazatridec-1-yl]phenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronate + H2O
D-glucuronate + (2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl (10R)-1-(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-10-[(S)-(benzoylamino)(phenyl)methyl]-4,7-dimethyl-3,8-dioxo-2,9-dioxa-4,7-diazaundecan-11-oate
-
-
-
-
?
2-amino-4-[(10R,11S)-10-([[(2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl]oxy]carbonyl)-4-methyl-3,8,13-trioxo-11,13-diphenyl-2,7,9-trioxa-4,12-diazatridec-1-yl]phenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + (2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl (10R)-1-(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-10-[(S)-(benzoylamino)(phenyl)methyl]-4-methyl-3,8-dioxo-2,7,9-trioxa-4-azaundecan-11-oate
-
-
-
-
?
4-([[(2-[[4-(acetylamino)benzoyl]amino]phenyl)carbamoyl]oxy]methyl)-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl (2-[[4-(acetylamino)benzoyl]amino]phenyl)carbamate
-
-
-
-
?
4-([[(4S)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,14-dioxo-3,4,12,14-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-9-yl]oxy]methyl)-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + (4S)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-9-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)oxy]-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione
-
-
-
-
?
4-Me-beta-GlcA-(1-6)-beta-Gal-(1-6)-beta-Gal-(1-3)-Gal + H2O
?
-
rate of hydrolysis is 106% of the with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
4-Me-beta-GlcA-(1-6)-beta-Gal-(1-6)-Gal + H2O
?
-
rate of hydrolysis is 117% of the with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
4-Me-beta-GlcA-(1-6)-Gal + H2O
?
-
rate of hydrolysis is 62% of the with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
4-methyl-beta-GlcA(1-6)beta-Gal(1-6)Gal + H2O
4-methyl-D-glucuronate + beta-Gal(1-6)Gal
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + beta-D-glucuronic acid
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferol + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
4-nitrophenol beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactosiduronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactosiduronic acid
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
4-nitrophenol + 4-nitrophenyl 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + 4-nitrophenyl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucose
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-xylopyranose
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-[(10R,11S)-10-([[(2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl]oxy]carbonyl)-4-methyl-3,8,13-trioxo-11,13-diphenyl-2,7,9-trioxa-4,12-diazatridec-1-yl]-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronate + H2O
D-glucuronate + (2alpha,5beta,7beta,13alpha)-4,10-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(benzoyloxy)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxytax-11-en-13-yl (10R)-10-[(S)-(benzoylamino)(phenyl)methyl]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-3,8-dioxo-2,7,9-trioxa-4-azaundecan-11-oate
-
-
-
-
?
4-[([[(3b,22S,23R)-3-hydroxy-17,23-epoxyveratraman-28-yl]carbonyl]oxy)methyl]-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl (3b,22S,23R)-3-hydroxy-17,23-epoxyveratraman-28-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
4-[([[(4S)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,14-dioxo-3,4,12,14-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-10-yl]carbamoyl]oxy)methyl]phenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + 4-hydroxybenzyl [(4S)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,14-dioxo-3,4,12,14-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-10-yl]carbamate
-
-
-
-
?
4-[2-[1-(2-[2-[2-(beta-D-glucopyranuronosyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-1-([[(3b,22S,23R)-3-hydroxy-17,23-epoxyveratraman-28-yl]carbonyl]oxy)ethyl]-2-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + H2O
D-glucuronate + 2-[2-(2-[4-[2-([[(3beta,22S,23R)-3-hydroxy-17,23-epoxyveratraman-28-yl]carbonyl]oxy)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]ethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-ol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-L-arabinosidase-treated-arabinogalactan-protein + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
ammonium 1-deoxy-1-(6-thiopurinyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosidurate + H2O
6-mercaptopurine + ammonium 1-deoxy-(6-thiopurinyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronate
-
-
-
-
?
androstendione-enol-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
apigenin 7,4'-diglucuronide + H2O
apigenin 7-O-glucuronide + glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + beta-D-glucuronate
beta-GlcA(1-6)beta-Gal(1-6)Gal + H2O
D-glucuronate + beta-Gal(1-6)Gal
-
67.4% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
?
beta-GlcA(1-6)betaGal(1-6)Gal + H2O
D-glucuronate + beta-Gal(1-6)Gal
-
-
94.6% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
?
beta-GlcA-(1-3)-Gal + H2O
?
-
rate of hydrolysis is 2% of the with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
beta-GlcA-(1-6)-beta-Gal-(1-6)-Gal + H2O
beta-Gal-(1-6)-Gal + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
rate of hydrolysis is 67% of the with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
beta-GlcA-(1-6)-Gal + H2O
D-galactose + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
rate of hydrolysis is 76% of the with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
bilirubin diglucuronide + H2O
bilirubin + D-glucuronate
carboxyumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
carboxyumbelliferone + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
chondroitin + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
MW 3500 Da: 23% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on chondroitin, 41% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide. MW 8000 Da: 11% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on chondroitin, 28% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide. MW 15000 Da: 6% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on chondroitin, 9% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
curcumin beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
curcumin + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
curcumin-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
curcumin + beta-D-glucuronic acid
curcumin, despite low systemic bioavailability, may be enzymatically activated (deconjugated) within GUSB-enriched bone to exert protective effects, a metabolic process that can also contribute to bone-protective effects of other highly glucuronidated dietary polyphenols
-
-
?
daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
daidzein + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
dermatan sulfate + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
equol 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
equol + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
estriol 3-glucuronide + H2O
estriol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
GlcA-beta(1-6)Gal + H2O
D-glucuronate + D-galactopyranose
49.9% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
?
GlcAbeta(1-6)Gal + H2O
D-glucuronate + D-galactopyranose
-
85.7% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
?
GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4-OSO3-) + H2O
D-glucuronate + N-acetylamino-beta-D-galactopyranose 4-sulfate
-
no activity with enzyme acting on chondroitin, 4% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
glucuronic acid 1-phosphate + H2O
glucuronic acid + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
glycyrrhetic acid + D-glucuronate
glycyrrhizin + H2O
18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide + beta-D-glucuronic acid
glycyrrhizin + H2O
glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide + D-glucuronate
heparan sulfate + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
kaempferol + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
luteolin 7-O-glucuronide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
luteolin 7-O-[beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucuronide] + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
luteolin 7-O-[beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucuronide]-4'-O-glucuronide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
luteolin triglucuronide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
methylumbelliferone + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
N-([[4-(beta-D-glucopyranuronosyloxy)-3-nitrobenzyl]oxy]carbonyl)-N-methyl-L-valyl-N-[(3R,4S,5S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-N-met + H2O
D-glucuronate + N-[[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)oxy]carbonyl]-N-methyl-L-valyl-N-[(3R,4S,5S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-N-methyl-L-valinamide
-
-
-
-
?
naphthol AS-BI-D-glucuronide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
o-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
oestrone 3-glucuronide + H2O
?
-
-
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
D-glucuronate + ?
-
1% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on chondroitin, 192% of the activity with (4GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAc1-)2 with the enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + D-glucuronate
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + beta-D-glucuronate
-
determination of specific activity in betaG-expressing tumour CT26 cells using radio-labeled substrate
-
-
?
phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronic acid + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
ir
phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
quercetin + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
quercetin + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
quercetin + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
quercetin-4'-O-glucuronide + H2O
quercetin + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
retinyl-beta-glucuronide + H2O
retinol + D-glucuronide
-
-
-
-
?
sodium (p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside)uronate + p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside
p-nitrophenyl (sodium beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1-4)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside + p-nitrophenyl (sodium beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1-2)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
-
the enzyme shows transglucuronidation activity: when (p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside)uronate is used as a donor and p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside is used as an acceptor, p-nitrophenyl (sodium beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1-4)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl (sodium beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1-2)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside are synthesized in yields of 16% and 21% respectively
-
-
?
wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
wogonin + beta-D-glucuronate
additional information
?
-
4-methyl-beta-GlcA(1-6)beta-Gal(1-6)Gal + H2O
4-methyl-D-glucuronate + beta-Gal(1-6)Gal
-
-
42.6% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
?
4-methyl-beta-GlcA(1-6)beta-Gal(1-6)Gal + H2O
4-methyl-D-glucuronate + beta-Gal(1-6)Gal
-
4.8% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
DQ459484
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-methylumbelliferone + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenol beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenol beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactosiduronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactosiduronic acid
32% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactosiduronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactosiduronic acid
the enzyme has a moderately broad specificity, hydrolysing a range of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside substrates, but has greatest activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide. The catalytic nucleophile is Glu476 within the sequence VTEFGAD
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactosiduronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactosiduronic acid
the enzyme has a moderately broad specificity, hydrolysing a range of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside substrates, but has greatest activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide. The catalytic nucleophile is Glu476 within the sequence VTEFGAD
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactosiduronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-galactosiduronic acid
32% of the activity with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
4-nitrophenol + 4-nitrophenyl 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + 4-nitrophenyl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
4-nitrophenol + 4-nitrophenyl 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid + 4-nitrophenyl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
-
the enzyme shows transglucuronidation activity: when sodium (p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside)uronate is used as an acceptor and as a donor, sodium (sodium beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1-3)-(p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosid)uronate and sodium (sodium beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1-2)-(p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranosid)uronate are obtained in yields of 18% and 15% respectively
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
low activity
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucose
low activity
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucose
the enzyme has a moderately broad specificity, hydrolysing a range of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside substrates, but has greatest activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide. The catalytic nucleophile is Glu476 within the sequence VTEFGAD
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucose
the enzyme has a moderately broad specificity, hydrolysing a range of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside substrates, but has greatest activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide. The catalytic nucleophile is Glu476 within the sequence VTEFGAD
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronate
A0A0H1IHR6
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
best substrate
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
best substrate
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
the enzyme has a moderately broad specificity, hydrolysing a range of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside substrates, but has greatest activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide. The catalytic nucleophile is Glu476 within the sequence VTEFGAD
-
-
?
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
4-nitrophenol + D-glucuronic acid
the enzyme has a moderately broad specificity, hydrolysing a range of 4-nitrophenyl glycoside substrates, but has greatest activity on 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide. The catalytic nucleophile is Glu476 within the sequence VTEFGAD
-
-
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + beta-D-glucuronate
-
a major flavonoid derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis
productivity of 73%
-
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
baicalin + H2O
baicalein + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
bilirubin diglucuronide + H2O
bilirubin + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
bilirubin diglucuronide + H2O
bilirubin + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
glycyrrhetic acid + D-glucuronate
the enzyme shows similar activities toward both glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
glycyrrhetic acid + D-glucuronate
the enzyme shows similar activities toward both glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
glycyrrhizin + H2O
18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
specific substrate of isozymes I and II
-
-
?
glycyrrhizin + H2O
18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
specific substrate of isozymes I and II
-
-
?
glycyrrhizin + H2O
18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
glycyrrhizin + H2O
glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide + D-glucuronate
the enzyme shows similar activities toward both glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
glycyrrhizin + H2O
glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide + D-glucuronate
the enzyme shows similar activities toward both glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + beta-D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
p-nitrophenol + D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
phenolphthalein-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
phenolphthalein + D-glucuronic acid
-
-
-
-
?
wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
wogonin + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide + H2O
wogonin + beta-D-glucuronate
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity is slightly inducible by Met-Gly
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
transglycosylation activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme additionally catalyzes the transglycosylation of glucuronic acid residues from 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid to various monosaccharide acceptors such as glucose, galactose, and xylose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not show strict specificity toward the aglycone moiety and exhibits activity toward all the natural and artificial substrates. Strict glycan specificity and hydrolyzes only the artificial substrate containing glucuronide groups
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not show strict specificity toward the aglycone moiety and exhibits activity toward all the natural and artificial substrates. Strict glycan specificity and hydrolyzes only the artificial substrate containing glucuronide groups
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity is not inducible by Met-Gly
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
role in physiology, in tissues, in body fluids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
role in physiology, in tissues, in body fluids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity is inducible by Met-Gly
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the potent beta-glucuronidase activity caused by the glucuronic acid conjugates from xenobiotics and endogenous compounds is a prime factor in the etiology of colon cancer
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
when beta-glucuronidase producing bacteria infect the bile, the pH of the bile becomes raised, the high pH and bile induce the enzyme, and then bilirubin gallstones can be easily formed
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
when beta-glucuronidase producing bacteria infect the bile, the pH of the bile becomes raised, the high pH and bile induce the enzyme, and then bilirubin gallstones can be easily formed
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity with flavonoids and phytoestrogens of crude and purified enzyme from digestive juice, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
transfer of beta-glucuronosyl residues from aryl and alicyclic glucuronides to aliphatic alcohols and glycerols
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
role in physiology, in tissues, in body fluids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the beta-glucuronidase forms a complex with esterase 22 in the liver. Gus colocalizes with Es22 at the endoplasmic reticulum but does not affect its retinoyl ester hydrolase activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme additionally catalyzes the transglycosylation of glucuronic acid residues from 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid to various monosaccharide acceptors such as glucose, galactose, and xylose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme additionally catalyzes the transglycosylation of glucuronic acid residues from 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronic acid to various monosaccharide acceptors such as glucose, galactose, and xylose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with enzyme acting on chondroitin: N-acetylhyalobiuronic acid, N-acetylchondrosine, (4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4-OSO3-)beta1-)3, (4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4-OSO3-)beta1-)2, GlcAbeta1-3galNAc(4-OSO3-), (4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(6-OSO3-)beta1-)3, (4GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(6-OSO3-)beta1-)2. No activity with enzyme acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide: N-acetylhyalobiuronic acid, N-acetylchondrosine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
exoglucuronidase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity is not inducible by Met-Gly
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity is not inducible by Met-Gly
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity of isozymes I and II with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide, baicalin, and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity of isozymes I and II with 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide, baicalin, and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide
-
-
?
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mut-1
-
base-substituted mutant, less induction of enzyme activity
mut-2
-
base-substituted mutant, less induction of enzyme activity
mut-1
-
base-substituted mutant, less induction of enzyme activity
-
mut-2
-
base-substituted mutant, less induction of enzyme activity
-
A365H/R563E
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 96% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme, resulting in nearly complete alteration of the substrate selectivity of the glucuronyl hydrolase from glycyrrhetic acid to glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide formation. No activity with glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide
A365Q
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 65% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme
A365T
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 61% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme
A365T/R563E
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 95% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme, resulting in nearly complete alteration of the substrate selectivity of the glucuronyl hydrolase from glycyrrhetic acid to glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide formation. No activity with glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide
E414A
inactive mutant enzyme
E414D/E505D
inactive mutant enzyme
E505A
inactive mutant enzyme
R563E
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 77% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme
R563K
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 58% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide decreases by 88.4%, whereas kcat/Km toward GL decreases by 12.3%, confirming site 563 has a dramatic effect on substrate specificity
R563Q
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 42% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme
V447Q
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 81% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme
V447Q/R563K
the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 95% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme, resulting in nearly complete alteration of the substrate selectivity of the glucuronyl hydrolase from glycyrrhetic acid to glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide formation. No activity with glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide
E414A
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inactive mutant enzyme
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E414D/E505D
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inactive mutant enzyme
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E505A
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inactive mutant enzyme
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R563K
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the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 58% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide decreases by 88.4%, whereas kcat/Km toward GL decreases by 12.3%, confirming site 563 has a dramatic effect on substrate specificity
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R563Q
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the yield of glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-D-glucuronide of the mutant enzyme is 42% compared to less than 10% produced by wild-type enzyme
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D531E/S557V/N566S/G601S
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saturation mutagenesis, mutant 1.13, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
L527I/M543I
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158% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
Q493R/T509A/M532T/N550S/G559S/N566S
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mutant showing improved thermostability retaining 75% of its activity when heated at 80°C for 10 min
S193N/G466A/Q951R
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212% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S193N/T266A/Q267R/Q626R
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167% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S193N/V411A/D448G
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172% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S22N/G81S/K257E/T509A/S557P/N566S/K568Q/Q598R/stop604W
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saturation mutagenesis, mutant 1.15, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
S557I/N566A/K568R/A580V
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saturation mutagenesis, mutant 1.16, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
S557Q/N566K/K568S/Q598stop
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saturation mutagenesis, mutant 1.2, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
T266A/Q267R/Q626R
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137% increased activity compared to the wild type enzyme
V473A/S557P/N566S/K568Q
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saturation mutagenesis, mutant 4.7, altered substrate specificity compared to the wild-type enzyme
D207A
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4.9% of the wild-type activity is expressed in COS cells
E451A
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0.6% of the wild-type activity is expressed in COS cells, tetrameric enzyme, ratio of turnover number to KM-value is decreased 9100fold as compared to wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme E541A is inactivated at a faster rate than the wild-type enzyme, and is completely inactivated within 30 min. 50 mM azide causes 70% loss of activity of wild-type enzyme and mutant enzyme E451A. 50 mM-0.5 M stimulates mutant enzyme E451A. 1 mM inhibits wild-type enzyme and mutant enzyme E451A
E451Q
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5.9% of the wild-type activity is expressed in COS cells
E515A
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no activity is expressed in COS cells
E540A
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no activity is expressed in COS cells, tetrameric enzyme, ratio of turnover number to KM-value is decreased 33000 fold as compared to wild-type enzyme, optimal pH is 5.0 instead of 4.5 for the wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme is inactivated at a faster rate than the wild-type enzyme at 68°C
E540D
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no activity is expressed in COS cells
E540Q
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0.3% of the wild-type activity is expressed in COS cells
Y504A
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1.4% of the wild-type activity is expressed in COS cells, tetrameric enzyme, the ratio of turnover number to KM-value is decreased 830fold as compared to wild-type enzyme. Mutant enzyme is as stable as the wild-type enzyme at 68°C
Y504F
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2.3% of the wild-type activity is expressed in COS cells
Y504H
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0.6% of the wild-type activity is expressed in COS cells
Y508A
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no activity is expressed in COS cells
D524G
mutant shows increased activity in neutral pH ranges
D573A
mutant shows increased activity in neutral pH ranges
D524G
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mutant shows increased activity in neutral pH ranges
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D573A
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mutant shows increased activity in neutral pH ranges
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E476A
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows increased thermal stability at 85°C compared to the wild-type enzyme
Q476A
mutant is hydrolytically inactive
E383A
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mutant E383A and wild-type enzyme show a similar melting temperatures of about 85°C
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E383Q
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mutant enzyme has a reduced thermostability, becoming unfolded at 72°C
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Q476A
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mutant is hydrolytically inactive
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E383A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows reduced activity and similar thermal stability at 85°C compared to the wild-type enzyme
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E383Q
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows reduced activity and thermal stability at 85°C compared to the wild-type enzyme
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E476A
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows increased thermal stability at 85°C compared to the wild-type enzyme
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E383A
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows reduced activity and similar thermal stability at 85°C compared to the wild-type enzyme
E383A
mutant E383A and wild-type enzyme show a similar melting temperatures of about 85°C
E383Q
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzyme shows reduced activity and thermal stability at 85°C compared to the wild-type enzyme
E383Q
mutant enzyme has a reduced thermostability, becoming unfolded at 72°C
additional information
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fusion gene of beta-glucuronidase with promoter gene of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, EC 1.13.11.51
additional information
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fusion gene of beta-glucuronidase with promoter gene of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, EC 1.13.11.51
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additional information
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arabinogalactan protein isloated from a GUS2 knock-out insertion line shows higher glucuronic acid content than wild-type. A transgenic line overexpressing the gene shows markedly lower glucuronic acid content in arabinogalactan proteins and displays increased hipocotyl and root lengths, while the knock-out line displays reduced hipocotyl and root lengths compared with wild-type
additional information
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the enzyme is engineered as fusion with an N-terminal 76 amino acid ubiquitin-coding region. When translated in any eukaryotic cell, such ubiquitin fusions are cleaved by ubiqitin-specific proteases specifically after the C-terminus of ubiquitin, irrespective of the distal amino acid (with the exception of Pro), releasing the downstream protein with the specified amino terminus. The presence of an N-terminal uncleavable ubiquitin on GUS does not reduce activity. A version of GUS with phenylalanine at the mature N-terminus accumulates a minimum of 3fold lower than GUS with methionine at its mature N-terminus
additional information
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rapid evolution of beta-glucuronidase specificity by saturation mutagenesis of an active site loop, DNA shuffling of point mutations, construction of diverse mutants with mutation of residues 557, 566, and 568, the mutants show increased activity with beta-D-xylopyranoside and reduced activity with beta-D-glucuronide, overview
additional information
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encapsulation of the enzyme in biomimetic alginate/protamine/silica capsules increases the enzyme storage, recycling, pH and thermostability compared to free enzyme, overview. No appreciable loss in activity during 10 repeated reaction cycles
additional information
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in the mutant enzyme a stop codon is introduced after the CAC/His-637 codon, thereby eliminating 14 amino acids from the C-terminus. Thereby the last Cys at position 644 is eliminated. In the mutant, covalent linkage between two monomers is no longer observed, indicating that Cys44 is involved in intermolecular disulfide-bond formation
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