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Information on EC 1.2.3.1 - aldehyde oxidase
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1.2.3.1 aldehyde oxidaseIUBMB Comments
Contains molybdenum, [2Fe-2S] centres and FAD. The enzyme from liver exhibits a broad substrate specificity, and is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including the oxidation of N-heterocycles and aldehydes and the reduction of N-oxides, nitrosamines, hydroxamic acids, azo dyes, nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides [4,6].
The enzyme is also responsible for the oxidation of retinal, an activity that was initially attributed to a distinct enzyme (EC 1.2.3.11, retinal oxidase) [5,7].
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Word Map
- 1.2.3.1
- xanthine
- molybdenum
- allopurinol
-
pharmacokinetics
- menadione
- oxidases
-
abscisic
- hydroxylases
- benzaldehyde
- n-oxide
- phthalazine
-
n-heterocyclic
- moco
- raloxifene
- n1-methylnicotinamide
- sulphite
-
oxidase-mediated
- disulfiram
-
xanthinuria
- hydralazine
-
flavin-containing
-
molybdenum-containing
- molybdopterin
-
molybdoenzymes
- pharmacology
-
hypouricemia
-
neonicotinoids
- cyp2a6
- oxypurinol
- imidacloprid
-
amidoxime
-
oxidase-catalyzed
- o6-benzylguanine
- phenanthridine
- degradation
- synthesis
- nutrition
- medicine
-
nitroreduction
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
Aao4, AHO2, aldehyde oxidase 1, aldehyde oxidase 2, aldehyde oxidase 3, aldehyde oxidase 3-like 1, aldehyde oxidase 4, aldehyde-oxygen oxidoreductase, aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, ALOD, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Aao4
AHO2
aldehyde oxidase 1
aldehyde oxidase 2
aldehyde oxidase 3
aldehyde oxidase 4
ALOD
AO
AO2
AO3
AOH1
AOH2
AOH3
AOX
AOX1
AOX2
AOX3
AOX4
FOD
formate oxidase
mAOX3
quinoline oxidase
-
-
-
-
Retinal oxidase
retinene oxidase
-
-
-
-
Retinal oxidase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylate + H2O2
base catalyzed mechanism. Residue E1265 acts as an active site base that abstracts a proton from the Mo-OH group, which in turn undertakes a nucleophilic attack on the substrate benzaldehyde. After hydride transfer to the Mo= S group, the initial intermediate breaks down, with the transient formation of a paramagnetic MoV species, followed by displacement of product by a water molecule to return to the starting LMoVIOS(OH) state. The roles of residues Met884 and Val806 are stabilization of substrate binding
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
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-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
Contains molybdenum, [2Fe-2S] centres and FAD. The enzyme from liver exhibits a broad substrate specificity, and is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including the oxidation of N-heterocycles and aldehydes and the reduction of N-oxides, nitrosamines, hydroxamic acids, azo dyes, nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides [4,6].
The enzyme is also responsible for the oxidation of retinal, an activity that was initially attributed to a distinct enzyme (EC 1.2.3.11, retinal oxidase) [5,7].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9029-07-6
-
9033-52-7
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(+)-4-(4-cyanoanilino)-5,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-7H-cyclopenta-[d]-pyrimidine + H2O + O2
?
-
i.e. (S)-RS-8359
-
-
?
(+)-4-(4-cyanoanilino)-5,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-7H-cyclopenta[d]-pyrimidine + H2O + O2
?
-
i.e. (S)-RS-8359
-
-
?
(+)-biotin (+)-sulfoxide methyl ester + acetaldehyde + H2O
?
-
under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
(+/-)-4-(4-cyanoanilino)-5,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-7H-cyclopenta-[d]-pyrimidine + H2O + O2
?
-
i.e. RS-8359
-
-
?
(1S)-camphor oxime + H2O + 2-hydroxypyrimidine
(1S)-camphor + (1S)-camphor imine + NH3
-
other electron acceptors are N-methylnicotinamide, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde
the corresponding ketimine is an intermediate
?
(S)-4-(4-cyanoanilino)-5,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-7H-cyclopenta[d]-pyrimidine + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. S-8359
-
-
?
(Z)-11-hexadecenal + H2O + O2
(Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
(Z)-9-tetradecenal + H2O + O2
(Z)-9-tetradecenoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
1-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde + H2O + O2
1-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
1-naphthaldehyde + H2O + O2
1-naphthalene carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
2-fluoro-N-methyl-4-[7-(6-quinolinylmethyl)imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-2-yl]benzamide + H2O + O2
?
-
i.e. c-met inhibitor capmatinib
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O2
-
38.2% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
3-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanamine N-oxide + electron donor
3-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanamine + an electron acceptor
-
electron donors are 2-hydroxypyrimidine, N1-methylnicotinamide, benzaldehyde or butyraldehyde under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
3-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde + H2O + O2
3-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde + nitrite + H2O + O2
? + nitric oxide
-
in the presence of typical aldehyde substrates like 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde or NADH, aldehyde oxidase reduces nitrite to nitric oxide
-
-
?
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + O2 + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + H2O2
4-hydroxypyrimidine + H2O + O2
?
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-quinoxalinamine + H2O + O2
?
-
i.e. brimonidine
-
-
?
6-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one + H2O + O2
6-chloroquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
6-dimethyloamino-2-naphthaldehyde + H2O + O2
6-dimethylamino-2-naphthoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
6-ethyl-5H-dibenz(c,e)azepine + H2O + O2
?
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde + H2O + O2
6-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
6-methoxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one + H2O + O2
6-methoxyquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
6-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one + H2O + O2
6-methylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
6-methylthiopurine + H2O + O2
6-methylthio-8-hydroxypurine + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol can also act as electron acceptor
-
-
?
7-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde + H2O + O2
7-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
acetamiprid + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (1E)-N-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-cyano-N-methylethanimidamide, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, little inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
acrolein + H2O + O2
?
results indicate that AtraAOX2 also functions as a xenobiotic-degrading enzyme
-
-
?
allopurinol + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
anthracene-9-carboxaldehyde + H2O + O2
anthracene-9-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
?
natural electron acceptor of enzyme is molecular oxygen, DCPIP i.e., 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
benzoate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
benzamidoxime + H2O + 2-hydroxypyrimidine
benzamidine + ?
-
other electron acceptors are N-methylnicotinamide, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde
-
-
?
BIBX1382 + H2O + O2
BIBU1476 + ?
-
high hepatic clearance of 17 to 18 ml/(min * kg)
product identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry
-
?
carbazeran + H2O + O2
carbazeran phthalazinone + ?
-
high hepatic clearance of 17 to 18 ml/(min * kg)
product identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry
-
?
chloroacetaldehyde + H2O + O2
chloroacetic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylsulfinyl)benzylindenyl]indene-3-acetic acid + electron acceptor + H2O
5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylthio)benzylindenyl]indene-3-acetic acid + ?
clothianidin + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (2E)-2-[([(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]amino)(methylamino)methylene]-1-hydroxy-1-oxodiazanium, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, strong inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
clothianidin + NMNH
nitroso-clothianidin + amino-clothianidin + ?
-
-
-
-
?
crotonaldehyde + H2O + O2
crotonate + H2O2
-
32% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
desmethyl-thiamethoxam + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (4E)-3-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-N-nitro-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-imine, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, strong inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
dibenzyl sulfoxide + acetaldehyde + H2O
?
-
under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
dinotefuran + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. 1-methyl-2-nitro-3-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethyl)guanidine, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, strong inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
furfural + H2O + O2
2-furoic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
glyceraldehyde + H2O + O2
2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
glycoaldehyde + H2O + O2
hydroxyacetic acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
hypoxanthine + O2 + H2O
xanthine + H2O2
-
22-26% of the activity compared to purine
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, strong inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2
nitroso-imidacloprid
-
-
without addition of an electron donor, product is nitroso-imidacloprid
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
imidacloprid + NMNH
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + ?
-
-
-
-
?
imipramine N-oxide + electron donor
imipramine + electron acceptor
-
electron donors are 2-hydroxypyrimidine, N1-methylnicotinamide, benzaldehyde or butyraldehyde under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
isobutyraldehyde + H2O + O2
isobutyric acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
isovaleraldehyde + H2O + O2
isovaleric acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
L-methionine sulfoxide + acetaldehyde + H2O
?
-
under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
n-alkanal + H2O + O2
n-alkanoic acid + H2O2
-
C5-C10, C12, C14 with decreasing activities
-
-
?
n-heptylaldehyde + H2O + O2
heptanoate + H2O2
-
78% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
N-methylimidacloprid + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, little inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
N-methylnicotinamide + electron acceptor + H2O
?
-
electron acceptors i.e.: dichlorophenolindophenol, nitro blue tetrazolium, ferricyanide, diaphorase activity
-
-
?
N-methylphenanthridinium + H2O + ferricyanide
N-methyl-6-phenanthridone + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
-
?
N-methylquinolinium + H2O + electron donor
N-methyl-4-quinolone and N-methyl-2-quinolone + electron acceptor
N-phenylquinolinium + H2O + electron donor
N-phenyl-4-quinolone and N-phenyl-2-quinolone + electron acceptor
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide + H2O + O2
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide-9(10H)-acridone + H2O2
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide + H2O + O2
DACA-9(10H)-acridone + ?
-
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide i.e. DACA, an experimental antitumor agent
-
-
?
N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide + H2O + O2
N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide-9-(10H)-acridone + H2O2
-
antitumor drug
-
-
?
N1-methyl-nicotineamide + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
?
natural electron acceptor of enzyme is molecular oxygen, DCPIP i.e., 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + ?
-
variations in the ratio of the amount of pyridones to the total amount of NMN and pyridones in urine are closely related to the enzyme activity
-
-
-
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
N1-propylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-propyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-propyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
NADH + nitrite + H2O + O2
? + nitric oxide
-
in the presence of typical aldehyde substrates like 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde or NADH, aldehyde oxidase reduces nitrite to nitric oxide. NADH reacts with aldehyde oxidase at the FAD site of the enzyme
-
-
?
nitenpyram + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (E)-N-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N'-methyl-2-nitroethylene-1,1-diamine, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, partial inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
nithiazine + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (2Z)-2-(nitromethylene)-1,3-thiazinane, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, partial inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
phenanthrene-9-carboxaldehyde + H2O + O2
phenanthrene-9-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
phenothiazine sulfoxide + acetaldehyde + H2O
?
-
under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
phthalaldehyde + H2O + O2
phthalic acid + H2O2
-
13% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
phthalazine + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
?
natural electron acceptor of enzyme is molecular oxygen, DCPIP i.e., 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
-
-
?
phthalazine + H2O + 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
propanal + H2O + O2
propanoic acid + H2O2
highest AtraAOX2 activity
-
-
?
protocatechualdehyde + H2O + O2
protocatechuic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol also as electron acceptor
-
-
?
purine derivative + H2O + ferricyanide
oxidized purine derivative + ?
-
various purine derivatives are listed, this enzyme catalyzes usually a ring methine group vicinal to a ring nitrogen
-
-
?
pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine + H2O + ferricyanide
oxidized pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine + ?
-
various pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are listed, this enzyme catalyzes usually a ring methine group vicinal to a ring nitrogen
-
-
?
salicylaldoxime + H2O + 2-hydroxypyrimidine
salicylaldehyde + NH3 + ?
-
other electron acceptors are N-methylnicotinamide, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde
the corresponding ketimine is an intermediate
?
terephthalaldehyde + H2O + O2
terephthalic acid + H2O2
-
45% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
thiacloprid + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. ((2Z)-3-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)cyanamide, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, little inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
thiamethoxam + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. (4E)-3-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-5-methyl-N-nitro-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-imine, enzyme system coupled with Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, strong inactivation of neonicotinoid insecticide substrate
-
-
?
tropylium tetrafluoroborate + H2O + ferricyanide
tropone + ?
-
other electron acceptors as dichloroindophenol and chromate
-
-
?
veratraldehyde + H2O + O2
veratric acid + H2O2
-
18% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
XK-469 + H2O + O2
3-oxo-XK-469 + ?
-
hepatic clearance less than 4.3 ml/(min * kg)
product identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry
-
?
zaleplon + H2O + O2
5-oxozaleplon + ?
-
hepatic clearance less than 4.3 ml/(min * kg)
product identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry
-
?
zoniporide + H2O + O2
2-oxozoniporide + H2O2
-
i.e. 1-(quinolin-5-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl guanidine
-
-
?
(S)-RS-8359
?
enzyme shows a biphasic pattern in Eadie–Hofstee plots of the (S)-enantiospecific 2-oxidation activity of RS-8359
-
-
?
(S)-RS-8359
?
-
enzyme shows a monophasic pattern in Eadie-Hofstee plots of the (S)-enantiospecific 2-oxidation activity of RS-8359
-
-
?
(S)-RS-8359 + H2O + O2
2-keto-(S)-RS-8359 + H2O2
i.e. 4-([(7S)-7-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino)benzonitrile, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. Remarkable strain differences in activity on substate, correlating in part with expressed levels of protein
-
-
?
(S)-RS-8359 + H2O + O2
2-keto-(S)-RS-8359 + H2O2
Donryu rats show a dimorphic pattern for the 2-oxidation activity of RS-8359
-
-
?
2-ethylbutylaldehyde + H2O + O2
2-ethylbutanoate + H2O2
-
51% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
2-ethylbutylaldehyde + H2O + O2
2-ethylbutanoate + H2O2
-
350% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
2-ethylbutylaldehyde + H2O + O2
2-ethylbutanoate + H2O2
-
170% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
2-hydroxypyrimidine + H2O + O2
uracil + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
2-hydroxypyrimidine + H2O + O2
uracil + H2O2
-
diphenylsulfoxide as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions
-
-
-
2-hydroxypyrimidine + H2O + O2
uracil + H2O2
-
diphenylsulfoxide as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
2-methylbenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
2-methylbenzoate + H2O2
-
7% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
2-methylbenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
2-methylbenzoate + H2O2
-
7% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + H2O + O2
3-hydroxypropionate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxypropionaldehyde + H2O + O2
3-hydroxypropionate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
3-methylbenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
3-methylbenzoate + H2O2
-
42% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
3-methylbenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
3-methylbenzoate + H2O2
-
42% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
4-(4-cyanoanilino)-5,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-7H-cyclopenta[d]-pyrimidine + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. RS-8359, 2-oxidation of the S-enantiomer
-
-
?
4-(4-cyanoanilino)-5,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-7H-cyclopenta[d]-pyrimidine + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
i.e. RS-8359, 2-oxidation of the S-enantiomer
-
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde + O2 + H2O
4-(dimethylamine)cinnamate + H2O2
-
typical substrate spectrum of aldehyde oxidase
-
?
4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde + O2 + H2O
4-(dimethylamine)cinnamate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + O2 + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + H2O2
-
12-13% of the activity compared to purine
-
?
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + O2 + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + H2O2
-
i.e. allopurinol
-
?
4-methylbenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
4-methylbenzoate + H2O2
-
40% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
4-methylbenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
4-methylbenzoate + H2O2
-
40% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2
abscisic acid + H2O2
-
four aldehyde oxidases are known that have varying affinities to abscisic aldehyde. AOdelta, endcoded by AAO3 specifically catalyses this step in rosette leaves
-
-
?
abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2
abscisic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
acetate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
acetate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetate + H2O2
-
35% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetate + H2O2
is a poor substrate of AOH1
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetate + H2O2
is a poor substrate of AOX1
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetate + H2O2
-
350% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetate + H2O2
-
51% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetate + H2O2
-
51% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetate + H2O2
-
170% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetic acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
acetic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
acetophenone oxime + H2O + 2-hydroxypyrimidine
acetophenone + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
acetophenone oxime + H2O + 2-hydroxypyrimidine
acetophenone + NH3
-
other electron acceptors are N-methylnicotinamide, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde
the corresponding ketimine is an intermediate
?
acetophenone oxime + H2O + 2-hydroxypyrimidine
acetophenone + NH3
-
-
-
-
?
acrolein + H2O + O2
acrylic acid + H2O2
-
8% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
acrolein + H2O + O2
acrylic acid + H2O2
-
140% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
acrolein + H2O + O2
acrylic acid + H2O2
-
130% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
all-trans retinaldehyde + H2O + O2
all-trans retinoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
all-trans retinaldehyde + H2O + O2
all-trans retinoic acid + H2O2
AOH1 from the liver of CD1 mice is capable of oxidizing all-trans retinaldehyde
-
-
?
all-trans retinaldehyde + H2O + O2
all-trans retinoic acid + H2O2
AOH2 from the mouse Harderian gland and AOH3 from the mouse Bowman's gland are all capable of oxidizing all-trans retinaldehyde with equal efficiency
-
-
?
all-trans retinaldehyde + H2O + O2
all-trans retinoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
-
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoate + H2O2
-
130% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoate + H2O2
-
160% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoate + H2O2
-
41% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoate + H2O2
-
410% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol also as electron acceptor
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoic acid + H2O2
-
diphenylsulfoxide as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions and ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol also as electron acceptor
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoic acid + H2O2
-
chromate as electron acceptor
-
-
-
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol also as electron acceptor
-
-
?
butanal + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
butanoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
butanal + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
butanoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
butanal + H2O + O2
butyric acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
butanal + H2O + O2
butyric acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron donor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
butanal + H2O + O2
butyric acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
butylaldehyde + H2O + O2
butanoate + H2O2
-
31% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
butylaldehyde + H2O + O2
butanoate + H2O2
-
360% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
butylaldehyde + H2O + O2
butanoate + H2O2
-
260% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
cinchonidine + H2O + O2
?
-
wild type monkey AOX1 is not able to oxidize chinchonidine, but mutant enzyme V1085A does
-
-
?
cinchonidine + H2O + O2
?
-
rabbit AOX1 has an extremely high Vmax value toward cinchonidine
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + H2O + O2
cinnamic acid + H2O2
-
44.2% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + H2O + O2
cinnamic acid + H2O2
-
170% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + H2O + O2
cinnamic acid + H2O2
-
240% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + H2O + O2
cinnamic acid + H2O2
-
410% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylsulfinyl)benzylindenyl]indene-3-acetic acid + electron acceptor + H2O
5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylthio)benzylindenyl]indene-3-acetic acid + ?
-
N1-methylnicotinamide and acetaldehyde as electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylsulfinyl)benzylindenyl]indene-3-acetic acid + electron acceptor + H2O
5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylthio)benzylindenyl]indene-3-acetic acid + ?
-
N1-methylnicotinamide and acetaldehyde as electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
citral + H2O + O2
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + H2O2
low AtraAOX2 activity
-
-
?
citral + H2O + O2
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
citral + H2O + O2
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + H2O2
-
210% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
citral + H2O + O2
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + H2O2
-
260% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
citral + H2O + O2
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + H2O2
-
13% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
citral + H2O + O2
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + H2O2
-
430% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
crotonaldehyde + H2O + O2
crotonic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
crotonaldehyde + H2O + O2
crotonic acid + H2O2
-
61% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
crotonaldehyde + H2O + O2
crotonic acid + H2O2
-
230% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
crotonaldehyde + H2O + O2
crotonic acid + H2O2
-
340% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
decylaldehyde + H2O + O2
decanoate + H2O2
-
41% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
decylaldehyde + H2O + O2
decanoate + H2O2
-
52% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
decylaldehyde + H2O + O2
decanoate + H2O2
-
400% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
diphenyl sulfoxide + acetaldehyde + H2O
?
-
under anaerobic conditions
-
-
?
DL-glyceraldehyde + H2O + O2
DL-glycerate + H2O2
-
28% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
DL-glyceraldehyde + H2O + O2
DL-glycerate + H2O2
-
77% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
DL-glyceraldehyde + H2O + O2
DL-glycerate + H2O2
-
5% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
DL-glyceraldehyde + H2O + O2
DL-glycerate + H2O2
-
73% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
electron donor + nicotinamide N-oxide
nicotinamide + electron acceptor
-
2-hydroxypyrimidine as electron acceptor
-
-
?
electron donor + nicotinamide N-oxide
nicotinamide + electron acceptor
-
2-hydroxypyrimidine as electron acceptor
-
-
?
electron donor + nicotinamide N-oxide
nicotinamide + electron acceptor
-
2-hydroxypyrimidine as electron acceptor
-
-
?
electron donor + nicotinamide N-oxide
nicotinamide + electron acceptor
-
electron donors are 2-hydroxypyrimidine, N1-methylnicotinamide, benzaldehyde or butyraldehyde
-
-
?
electron donor + nicotinamide N-oxide
nicotinamide + electron acceptor
-
2-hydroxypyrimidine as electron acceptor
-
-
?
electron donor + nicotinamide N-oxide
nicotinamide + electron acceptor
-
2-hydroxypyrimidine as electron acceptor
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + O2
formate + H2O2
-
2% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde, aldehyde oxidase might be effective for the removal of formaldehyde contained in wastewater
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + O2
formic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
glutaraldehyde + H2O + O2
glutarate + H2O2
-
18% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
glutaraldehyde + H2O + O2
glutarate + H2O2
-
64% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
glutaraldehyde + H2O + O2
glutarate + H2O2
-
30% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
glutaraldehyde + H2O + O2
glutarate + H2O2
-
20% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
heptanal + H2O + O2
heptanoic acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
heptylaldehyde + H2O + O2
heptanoate + H2O2
-
76% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
heptylaldehyde + H2O + O2
heptanoate + H2O2
-
350% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
heptylaldehyde + H2O + O2
heptanoate + H2O2
-
480% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
hexylaldehyde + H2O + O2
hexanoate + H2O2
-
74% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
hexylaldehyde + H2O + O2
hexanoate + H2O2
-
360% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
hexylaldehyde + H2O + O2
hexanoate + H2O2
-
430% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
in presence of N-methylnicotinamide, ratio of amino- to nitroso-products is 2.0 to 1.8
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
in presence of N-methylnicotinamide, ratio of amino- to nitroso-products is 26 to 50
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
in presence of N-methylnicotinamide, ratio of amino- to nitroso-products is 80 to 41
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
-
-
-
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
in presence of N-methylnicotinamide, ratio of amino- to nitroso-products is 10 to 269
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
-
-
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
in presence of N-methylnicotinamide, ratio of amino- to nitroso-products is 23 to 14
-
?
imidacloprid + H2O + O2 + N-methylnicotinamide
nitroso-imidacloprid + amino-imidacloprid + H2O2 + ?
-
-
-
-
-
indol-3-carboxyaldehyde + H2O + O2
indol-3-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
indol-3-carboxyaldehyde + H2O + O2
indol-3-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
20% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
indol-3-carboxyaldehyde + H2O + O2
indol-3-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
8% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
indol-3-carboxyaldehyde + H2O + O2
indol-3-carboxylic acid + H2O2
-
100% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
indole 3-acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
indole 3-acetic acid + H2O2
-
48.0% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
indole 3-acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
indole 3-acetic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol also as electron acceptor
-
-
?
indole 3-carbaldehyde + H2O + O2
indole 3-carboxylate + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol also as electron acceptor
-
-
?
indole-3-aldehyde + H2O + O2
indole-3-carboxylate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
N-methylquinolinium + H2O + electron donor
N-methyl-4-quinolone and N-methyl-2-quinolone + electron acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
N-methylquinolinium + H2O + electron donor
N-methyl-4-quinolone and N-methyl-2-quinolone + electron acceptor
-
electron donors are ferricyanide and cytochrome c
-
-
?
N-phenylquinolinium + H2O + electron donor
N-phenyl-4-quinolone and N-phenyl-2-quinolone + electron acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
N-phenylquinolinium + H2O + electron donor
N-phenyl-4-quinolone and N-phenyl-2-quinolone + electron acceptor
-
electron donors are ferricyanide and cytochrome c
-
-
?
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide + H2O + O2
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide-9(10H)-acridone + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide + H2O + O2
N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl] acridine-4-carboxamide-9(10H)-acridone + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
-
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
diphenylsulfoxide as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions and ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
potassium ferricyanide acts as electron acceptor
-
-
-
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
potassium ferricyanide acts as electron acceptor
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
chromate as electron acceptor, reduction of chromate
-
-
-
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
cytochrome c reduction under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
?
N1-methylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-propylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-propyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-propyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N1-propylnicotinamide + H2O + O2
N1-propyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N1-propyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
O6-benzylguanine + H2O + O2
O6-benzyl-8-oxoguanine + ?
-
hepatic clearance of 11.2 to 12.8 ml/(min * kg)
product identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry
-
?
octylaldehyde + H2O + O2
octanoate + H2O2
-
64% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
octylaldehyde + H2O + O2
octanoate + H2O2
-
350% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
octylaldehyde + H2O + O2
octanoate + H2O2
-
430% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
p-anisaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-anisic acid + H2O2
-
40.2% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
p-anisaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-anisic acid + H2O2
-
180% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
p-anisaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-anisic acid + H2O2
-
190% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
p-anisaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-anisic acid + H2O2
-
500% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-hydroxybenzoate + H2O2
-
54.8% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-hydroxybenzoate + H2O2
-
200% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-hydroxybenzoate + H2O2
-
250% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-hydroxybenzoate + H2O2
-
320% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
phenanthridine + H2O + O2
6-phenantridone + H2O2
-
products are about 85-90% hydrogen peroxide and 6-10% superoxide anion
-
-
?
phenanthridine + H2O + O2
6-phenantridone + H2O2
-
oxidation of vanillin is more sensitive to inhibition by flavonoids than that of phenanthridine
-
-
?
phenanthridine + H2O + O2
?
activity of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase characterized in nine water-miscible organic mixtures i.e. phosphate buffer mixed with N-N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, pyridine, dioxane, and methanol
-
-
?
phenanthridine + H2O + O2
?
-
inhibitory effects of 15 flavonoids on the activity of rat liver aldehyde oxidase assessed, glycosylated flavonoids show relatively weaker inhibition, quantitative structure–activity relationship studies performed to elucidate the important structural properties responsible for the observed inhibitory effects
-
-
?
phenanthridine + H2O + O2
?
-
inhibitory effects of 15 flavonoids on the activity of rat liver aldehyde oxidase assessed, glycosylated flavonoids show relatively weaker inhibition, quantitative structure–activity relationship studies performed to elucidate the important structural properties responsible for the observed inhibitory effects
-
-
?
phenylacetaldehyde + H2O + O2
phenylacetate + H2O2
-
26% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
phenylacetaldehyde + H2O + O2
phenylacetate + H2O2
-
130% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
phenylacetaldehyde + H2O + O2
phenylacetate + H2O2
-
230% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
phenylacetaldehyde + H2O + O2
phenylacetic acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
phenylacetaldehyde + H2O + O2
phenylacetic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionate + H2O2
-
23% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionate + H2O2
-
340% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionate + H2O2
-
220% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionic acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
pyridoxal + H2O + O2
4-pyridoxic acid + H2O2
-
-
-
?
quinoline + H2O + electron donor
?
-
ferricyanide as electron donor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
quinoline + H2O + electron donor
?
-
ferricyanide and cytochrome c as electron donor
-
-
?
retinal + O2 + H2O
retinoate + H2O2
-
involved in vitamin A metabolism, increased activity of cells in hyperthyroidism, decreased activity of cells in hypothyroidism
-
?
retinal + O2 + H2O
retinoate + H2O2
-
activity is dependent on vitamin A levels of tissues
-
?
salicylaldehyde + H2O + O2
salicylic acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
salicylaldehyde + H2O + O2
salicylic acid + H2O2
-
2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol as electron acceptor
-
-
?
salicylaldehyde + H2O + O2
salicylic acid + H2O2
-
22% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
salicylaldehyde + H2O + O2
salicylic acid + H2O2
-
120% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
salicylaldehyde + H2O + O2
salicylic acid + H2O2
-
8% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
salicylaldehyde + H2O + O2
salicylic acid + H2O2
-
8% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
salicylaldehyde + H2O + O2
salicylic acid + H2O2
-
260% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
valeraldehyde + H2O + O2
valerate + H2O2
-
56% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
valeraldehyde + H2O + O2
valerate + H2O2
-
360% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
valeraldehyde + H2O + O2
valerate + H2O2
-
67% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
valeraldehyde + H2O + O2
valerate + H2O2
-
350% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
valeraldehyde + H2O + O2
valeric acid + H2O2
-
ferricyanide as electron acceptor under aerobic conditions
-
-
?
vanillin + H2O + O2
vanillic acid + H2O2
low AtraAOX2 activity
-
-
?
vanillin + H2O + O2
vanillic acid + H2O2
-
43.3% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
vanillin + H2O + O2
vanillic acid + H2O2
-
oxidation of vanillin is more sensitive to inhibition by flavonoids than that of phenanthridine
-
-
?
vanillin + H2O + O2
vanillic acid + H2O2
-
17% of activity with n-hexylaldehyde
-
-
?
veratraldehyde + H2O + O2
veratranoate + H2O2
-
120% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
veratraldehyde + H2O + O2
veratranoate + H2O2
-
220% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
veratraldehyde + H2O + O2
veratranoate + H2O2
-
610% of activity with formaldehyde
-
-
?
zebularine + H2O + O2
uridine + H2O2
-
-
major catabolic route for oral antitumor agent zebularine
-
?
zebularine + H2O + O2
uridine + H2O2
-
-
major catabolic route for oral antitumor agent zebularine
-
?
zebularine + H2O + O2
uridine + H2O2
-
-
major catabolic route for oral antitumor agent zebularine
-
?
zebularine + H2O + O2
uridine + H2O2
-
-
major catabolic route for oral antitumor agent zebularine
-
?
zebularine + H2O + O2
uridine + H2O2
-
-
major catabolic route for oral antitumor agent zebularine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AtraAOX2 shows strong activity on aldehyde substrates derived from plants, but weak activity on Z11Z13–16Ald, AtraAOX2 does not degrade the carbamate insecticide aldicarb
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AtraAOX2 shows strong activity on aldehyde substrates derived from plants, but weak activity on Z11Z13–16Ald, AtraAOX2 does not degrade the carbamate insecticide aldicarb
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Burkholderia sp. AIU 129
-
no substrates: glycolate and alcohols such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
low and negligible quinine-oxidizing activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
low and negligible quinine-oxidizing activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
also electron acceptors are dibenzyl sulfoxide, phenothiazine sulfoxide, D-biotin methyl ester d-sulfoxide and quinoline N-oxide
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: xanthine, allopurinol, isoquinoline
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: xanthine, allopurinol, isoquinoline
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is devoid of xanthine oxidase or hypoxanthine oxidase activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is devoid of xanthine oxidase or hypoxanthine oxidase activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
hepatic clearance for substrates of aldehyde oxidase i.e. BIBX1382, carbazeran, O6-benzylguanine, zaleplon, and XK-469 is investigated using cryopreserved hepatocytes
confirmation of aldehyde oxidase mediated metabolism via incubations in the presence of water containing the 18-O isotope and corresponding isotope patterns in mass spectra
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of enzyme expression and activity may be involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in plants, in the root nodules. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of aldehyde oxidase expression and activity are involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme may be involved in degradation of aldehyde odorant compounds such as pheromones or plant’s volatiles
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme may be involved in degradation of aldehyde odorant compounds such as pheromones or plant’s volatiles
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of enzyme expression and activity may be involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in plants, in the root nodules. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of aldehyde oxidase expression and activity are involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in detoxification of the toxic heterocycles synthesized by certain plants
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
pyridoxal is not recognized by mouse AOH2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
pyridoxal is not recognized by mouse AOH2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
pyridoxal is not recognized by mouse AOH2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8VJ15
pyridoxal is not recognized by mouse AOH2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
electron acceptors are molecular oxygen, several dyes, ferricyanide, silicomolybdate and organic nitro compounds
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
various imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, purine, quinoline and pteridine derivatives are substrates for this enzyme, preferences of substitutions are discussed
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
various unsubstituted aglycones and some ribonucleosides of various purine analogs are also substrates for this enzyme
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
isoforms AO-alpha and AO-beta cannot oxidize abscisic aldehyde
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
isoforms AO-alpha and AO-beta cannot oxidize abscisic aldehyde
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
isoforms AO-alpha and AO-beta cannot oxidize abscisic aldehyde
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isoforms AO-alpha and AO-beta cannot oxidize abscisic aldehyde
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme is of interest as a source of the reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
a wide variety of xenobiotics may serve as electron acceptors instead of molecular oxygen. Enzyme reduces nitroguanidines to both nitroso- and aminoguanidines, while nitromethylens are reduced only to the corrsponding nitroso metabolites. Reduction of nitroguanidines to amino metabolites depends on enzyme concentration
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
low and negligible quinine-oxidizing activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
low and negligible quinine-oxidizing activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
low and negligible quinine-oxidizing activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
low and negligible quinine-oxidizing activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
low and negligible quinine-oxidizing activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
phenanthridine N-oxide is not metabolized by the enzyme
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme may be involved in synthesis of reactive oxygen species during water stress
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme produces H2O2, but not O2, and requires a Moco sulfurase domain
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activities toward N1-methylnicotinamide, quinoline, xanthine, methanol, and ethanol
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activities toward N1-methylnicotinamide, quinoline, xanthine, methanol, and ethanol
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
oxidation of substrates by aldehyde oxidase appears to be due primarily to the electronic effects of the substituents
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + O2 + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + H2O2
abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2
abscisic acid + H2O2
-
four aldehyde oxidases are known that have varying affinities to abscisic aldehyde. AOdelta, endcoded by AAO3 specifically catalyses this step in rosette leaves
-
-
?
hypoxanthine + O2 + H2O
xanthine + H2O2
-
22-26% of the activity compared to purine
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
3 brimonidine + 4 H2O + 4 O2
2-oxobrimonidine + 3-oxobrimonidine + 2,3-dioxobrimonidine + 4 H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + O2 + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + H2O2
-
12-13% of the activity compared to purine
-
?
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + O2 + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + H2O2
-
i.e. allopurinol
-
?
retinal + O2 + H2O
retinoate + H2O2
-
involved in vitamin A metabolism, increased activity of cells in hyperthyroidism, decreased activity of cells in hypothyroidism
-
?
retinal + O2 + H2O
retinoate + H2O2
-
activity is dependent on vitamin A levels of tissues
-
?
additional information
?
-
P48034
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of enzyme expression and activity may be involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in plants, in the root nodules. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of aldehyde oxidase expression and activity are involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme may be involved in degradation of aldehyde odorant compounds such as pheromones or plant’s volatiles
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4VGM3
enzyme may be involved in degradation of aldehyde odorant compounds such as pheromones or plant’s volatiles
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of enzyme expression and activity may be involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last step of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in plants, in the root nodules. Local synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in the root nodule meristem and modulation of aldehyde oxidase expression and activity are involved in regulation of nodule development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in detoxification of the toxic heterocycles synthesized by certain plants
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O54754
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9Z0U5
enzyme plays an important role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics, e.g. antiviral, antimalarial and antitumour compounds and nicotine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9Z0U5
enzyme is of interest as a source of the reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme may be involved in synthesis of reactive oxygen species during water stress
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NAD+
-
enzyme is able to oxidize benzaldehyde without NAD+, but its activity increases by 50% when the cofactor is added. Km value 0.0581 mM
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Fe2+
Iron
Mo5+
Molybdenum
additional information
Fe2+
-
contains two 2Fe-2S clusters permonomer, EPR spectroscopy of 2Fe-2S clusters
Fe2+
N-terminal domain of enzyme contains a conserved domain corresponding to two 2Fe-2S centres
Iron
-
aldehyde oxidase probably contains 2 mol of [2Fe-2S] clusters per mol of enzyme
Mo5+
-
contains 0.7 Mo per monomer, EPR spectroscopy of Mo(V) centre
Molybdenum
aldehyde oxidase is a molybdenohydroxylase; aldehyde oxidase is a molybdenohydroxylase; aldehyde oxidase is a molybdenohydroxylase; aldehyde oxidase is a molybdenohydroxylase
Molybdenum
-
aldehyde oxidase probably contains 1 mol of molybdenum-molybdpterin-cytosine dinucleotide per mol of enzyme
Molybdenum
-
determination of the transition state energy and geometry for the reaction between Mo-ditholene and formamide gives an activation enthalpy of 31.69 kcal/mol and bond lengths for C-O and S-H of 1.64 and 1.55 A, respectively. Enzyme oxidizes substituted quinazolinone substrates via a concerted mechanism
additional information
-
cDNA encodes a protein with 2 predicted iron-sulfur centres, there is a highly conserved molybdopterin cofactor binding site between residues 706-752
additional information
cDNA encodes a protein with 2 predicted iron-sulfur centres, there is a highly conserved molybdopterin cofactor binding site between residues 706-752
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-benzyl-3-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]thiourea
-
comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-amine
-
comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
2-(methylthio)-6-nitro-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline
-
comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
-
specific inhibitor of enzyme in vitro, 50% inhibition of phenanthridine oxidation at 0.0093 mM
3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
-
comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase
3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-[2-(methylthio)-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl]benzamide
-
comparison with inhibition of xanthine oxidase