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3.2.1.166: heparanase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about heparanase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.2.1.166

Reaction

endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glycosidic bonds of heparan sulfate chains in heparan sulfate proteoglycan =

Synonyms

BpHep, C1A heparanase, endo-beta-D-glucuronidase, endo-beta-glucuronidase, heparan sulfate glycosidase, heparanase, heparanase 1, heparanase-1, HPA, Hpa1, Hpa1 heparanase, HPSE, T5

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.2 Glycosylases
             3.2.1 Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds
                3.2.1.166 heparanase

Expression

Expression on EC 3.2.1.166 - heparanase

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
bovine serum albumin and advanced glycation end-product, but not high glucose levels, increase heparanase expression in adult tubular cells via the AKT/PI3K signaling pathway 1.68 and 2.81times, respectively
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expression is up-regulated as tumors become more aggressive and is associated with enhanced tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis
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expression of the enzyme heparanase is clearly linked to colon carcinoma progression
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heparanase expression is enhanced in almost all cancers examined including various carcinomas, sarcomas and hematological malignancies. Upregulation of heparanase expression correlates with increased tumor size, tumor angiogenesis, enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis. Heparanase is upregulated in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients and the surviving cells acquire chemoresistance, attributed, at least in part, to autophagy
heparanase expression is induced by nerve growth factor
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heparanase is up-regulated in essentially all human tumors examined. Oxidized lipid- or angiotensin-induced expression of heparanase in macrophages may be a primary mechanism increasing heparanase in atherosclerotic plaques
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heparanase is upregulated in essentially all human carcinomas
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heparanase is upregulated in primary human tumors
heparanase variant T5 expression is up-regulated in 75% of human renal cell carcinoma biopsies
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no effect by TGF-beta on the enzyme expression in enzyme-silenced cells
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phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/calcium iono­mycin stimulation results in a substantial increase in nuclear heparanase in the 53 kDa active form
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sepsis-associated inflammatory lung disease causes rapid induction of heparanase activity through a TNFlpha-dependent mechanism in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Heparanase induction is also found in biopsies of human inflammatory lung disease
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the overall transcriptional activity of the main heparan sulfate biosynthesis-involved genes (EXT1, EXT2, NDST1, NDST2, GLCE, HS2ST1, HS3ST1, HS3ST2, HS6ST1, HS6ST2, SULF1, SULF2, HPSE) is decreased by 1.5-2fold in Grade II-III glioma (p < 0.01) and by 3-fold in Grade IV glioma (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) (p < 0.05), as compared with the para-tumourous tissue