Any feedback?
Information on EC 4.2.1.104 - cyanase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC4.2.1.104Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
4.2.1.104 cyanaseIUBMB Comments
This enzyme, which is found in bacteria and plants, is used to decompose cyanate, which can be used as the sole source of nitrogen [6,7]. Reaction (1a) can be considered an equivalent of 'cyanate + H2O = carbamate', where the water molecule is provided by the dehydration of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide , and hence the enzyme is classified as a hydrolase.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 4.2.1.104
- bicarbonate
-
bicarbonate-dependent
-
anderson
-
fuchs
- pseudoalcaligenes
- molecular biology
- nitrospira
-
decameric
- environmental protection
- biotechnology
- drug development
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
cyanase, cyanate hydratase, atcyn, cyanate lyase, oscyn, slr0899, spcyns, cyanate aminohydrolase, 
more
topPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AtCYN
cyanase
cyanate aminohydrolase
-
-
-
-
cyanate C-N-lyase
-
-
-
-
cyanate hydratase
cyanate hydrolase
cyanate lyase
CYN
CynS
EC 3.5.5.3
-
-
formerly
-
EC 4.3.99.1
Hydrolase, cyanate
-
-
-
-
Ngar_c31480
slr0899
SpCynS
Spro_1533
cyanase
-
-
-
-
cyanate hydratase
-
-
-
-
cyanate hydrolase
-
-
-
-
cyanate lyase
-
-
-
-
EC 4.3.99.1
-
-
formerly
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
carbamate + H+ = NH3 + CO2
spontaneous
-
-
-
cyanate + HCO3- + H+ = carbamate + CO2
-
-
-
-
cyanate + HCO3- + 2 H+ = NH3 + 2 CO2
-
-
-
-
cyanate + HCO3- + 2 H+ = NH3 + 2 CO2
rapid equilibrium random mechanism
-
cyanate + HCO3- + 2 H+ = NH3 + 2 CO2
the enzyme requires bicarbonate as a cofactor. Its mechanism is to catalyse the attack of bicarbonate on cyanate, with elimination of carbon dioxide, thus catalysing hydration of the cyanate to carbamae. The carbamate spontaneously hydrolyses to ammonia and carbon dioxide
-
cyanate + HCO3- + 2 H+ = NH3 + 2 CO2
the enzyme requires bicarbonate as a cofactor. Its mechanism is to catalyse the attack of bicarbonate on cyanate, with elimination of carbon dioxide, thus catalysing hydration of the cyanate to carbamae. The carbamate spontaneously hydrolyses to ammonia and carbon dioxide, the decamer shows half-side binding of substrates and substrate analogues, catalytic mechanism, catalytic site involves Arg96, Glu99, and Ser122
-
cyanate + HCO3- + 2 H+ = NH3 + 2 CO2
the enzyme requires bicarbonate as a cofactor. Its mechanism is to catalyse the attack of bicarbonate on cyanate, with elimination of carbon dioxide, thus catalysing hydration of the cyanate to carbamate. The carbamate spontaneously hydrolyses to ammonia and carbon dioxide
-
cyanate + HCO3- + 2 H+ = NH3 + 2 CO2
overall reaction
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
carbon-nitrogen lyase reaction
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
carbamate hydro-lyase
This enzyme, which is found in bacteria and plants, is used to decompose cyanate, which can be used as the sole source of nitrogen [6,7]. Reaction (1a) can be considered an equivalent of 'cyanate + H2O = carbamate', where the water molecule is provided by the dehydration of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide [2], and hence the enzyme is classified as a hydrolase.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37289-24-0
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
Cyanate + bicarbonate
?
-
enzyme could play a role in destroying exogenous cyanate originating from the dissociation of carbamoyl compounds such as urea, alternatively cyanate might constitute a convenient nitrogen source for bacteria able to synthesize cyanase in an inducible way
-
-
?
Cyanate + bicarbonate
?
-
cyanase-deficient strains have increased sensitivity to cyanate and are not able to use cyanate as nitrogen source
-
-
?
Cyanate + bicarbonate
?
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
-
breakdown of the inhibitory substance
-
-
?
Cyanate + bicarbonate
CO2 + carbamate
-
-
-
-
?
Cyanate + bicarbonate
CO2 + carbamate
-
-
initial product is carbamate or a related, unstable compound and/or carbamate precursor, which subsequently decomposes to ammonia and bicarbonate
?
Cyanate + bicarbonate
CO2 + carbamate
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
-
-
initial product is carbamate or a related, unstable compound and/or carbamate precursor, which subsequently decomposes to ammonia and bicarbonate
?
NCO- + HCO3- + 2 H+
NH3 + 2 CO2
-
utilization of CN and SCN as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN and SCN decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + 2 H+
NH3 + 2 CO2
-
utilization of CN and SCN as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN and SCN decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
utilization of CN- and SCN- as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN- and SCN- decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
studies on cyanide and thiocyanate decomposition in Pseudomonas
after supply of CN- and SCN-, production of NH4+ observed at pH 8.8 in phosphate buffer, due to high rate of their utilization as N-source NH3 and CNO are absent from the culture liquids
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
utilization of CN- and SCN- as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN- and SCN- decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
studies on cyanide and thiocyanate decomposition in Pseudomonas
after supply of CN- and SCN-, production of NH4+ observed at pH 8.8 in phosphate buffer, due to high rate of their utilization as N-source NH3 and CNO are absent from the culture liquids
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
studies on cyanide and thiocyanate decomposition in Pseudomonas
after supply of CN and SCN, production of NH4+ observed at pH 8.8 in phosphate buffer
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
studies on cyanide and thiocyanate decomposition in Pseudomonas
after supply of CN and SCN, production of NH4+ observed at pH 8.8 in phosphate buffer
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
studies on decomposition of externally supplied cyanate, depending on the CynABDS operon, light and internal pools of HCO3- and CO2
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
studies on decomposition of externally supplied cyanate, depending on the CynABDS operon, light and internal pools of HCO3- and CO2
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
studies on decomposition of externally supplied cyanate in photoautotroph cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
studies on decomposition of externally supplied cyanate in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
cyanase activity in Thiohalophilus thiocyanoxidans, role in thiocyanate decomposition suggested
intermediates carbamate and CO2, spontaneous dissociation into NH3 and CO2
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
thiocyanate metabolism of Thiohalophilus thiocyanoxidans
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH4+ + 2 CO2
studies on decomposition of externally supplied cyanate, depending on the CynABDS operon, light and internal pools of HCO3- and CO2
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH4+ + 2 CO2
studies on decomposition of externally supplied cyanate, depending on the CynABDS operon, light and internal pools of HCO3- and CO2
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH4+ + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH4+ + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity is induced during growth with cyanide or cyanate, but not with ammonium or nitrate as the nitrogen source
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity in cells grown with ammonium, nitrate, arginine or ornithine as N sources, cyanase of this strain has an assimilatory role but is not essential for cyanide assimilation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
cyanate is not a key intermediate in the degradation of cyanide, since the cynS mutant is still able to use cyanide as the sole nitrogen source
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Pseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344
no activity in cells grown with ammonium, nitrate, arginine or ornithine as N sources, cyanase of this strain has an assimilatory role but is not essential for cyanide assimilation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Pseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344
cyanate is not a key intermediate in the degradation of cyanide, since the cynS mutant is still able to use cyanide as the sole nitrogen source
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
Cyanate + bicarbonate
?
-
enzyme could play a role in destroying exogenous cyanate originating from the dissociation of carbamoyl compounds such as urea, alternatively cyanate might constitute a convenient nitrogen source for bacteria able to synthesize cyanase in an inducible way
-
-
?
Cyanate + bicarbonate
?
-
cyanase-deficient strains have increased sensitivity to cyanate and are not able to use cyanate as nitrogen source
-
-
?
Cyanate + bicarbonate
?
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
-
breakdown of the inhibitory substance
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + 2 H+
NH3 + 2 CO2
-
utilization of CN and SCN as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN and SCN decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + 2 H+
NH3 + 2 CO2
-
utilization of CN and SCN as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN and SCN decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
utilization of CN- and SCN- as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN- and SCN- decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
utilization of CN- and SCN- as nitrogen sources, cyanase activity present if grown with SCN- and CN-
NH4 and CO2 are terminal nitrogen and carbon products of CN- and SCN- decomposition
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH3 + CO2
-
cyanase activity in Thiohalophilus thiocyanoxidans, role in thiocyanate decomposition suggested
intermediates carbamate and CO2, spontaneous dissociation into NH3 and CO2
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH4+ + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
NCO- + HCO3- + H+
NH4+ + CO2
utilization of exogenous cyanate as a niche source of C and N in cyanobacteria
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity is induced during growth with cyanide or cyanate, but not with ammonium or nitrate as the nitrogen source
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity in cells grown with ammonium, nitrate, arginine or ornithine as N sources, cyanase of this strain has an assimilatory role but is not essential for cyanide assimilation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Pseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344
no activity in cells grown with ammonium, nitrate, arginine or ornithine as N sources, cyanase of this strain has an assimilatory role but is not essential for cyanide assimilation
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ammonium
negative regulation even in the presence of cyanate. The negative effect exerted by ammonium on cyanate assimilation seems to take place at the level of gene expression, since the addition of ammonium to cells growing in cyanate had no effect on either cyanase activity or cyanate consumption
thiocyanate
-
kinetics of cyanase activity at pH 7.5 and 37°C
Cyanate
partial auto-inhibition at high concentrations of potassium cyanate
malonate
-
reversible inhibition which can be prevented by saturating concentrations of cyanate or bicarbonate
oxalate
-
reversible inhibition which can be prevented by saturating concentrations of cyanate or bicarbonate
oxalate
the membrane-impermeant inhibitor of cyanobacterial cyanase has minor effects on acid-labile or acid-stable fractions indicating the absence of cyanase from the periplasm
oxaloacetate
-
reversible inhibition which can be prevented by saturating concentrations of cyanate or bicarbonate
additional information
the culture of Nitrososphaera gargensis grows well in the presence of 2 mM ammonium and growth is not inhibited by addition of 0.5 mM cyanate
-
additional information
-
the culture of Nitrososphaera gargensis grows well in the presence of 2 mM ammonium and growth is not inhibited by addition of 0.5 mM cyanate
-
additional information
-
in native cyanase the sulfhydryl group per se is not required for catalytic acivity, but it may play a role in stabilizing octameric structure, and that octameric structure is required for catalytic activity
-
additional information
-
free sulfhydryl groups are not required for catalytic activity, the catalytic activity may be dependent upon oligomeric structure
-
additional information
the enzyme is insensitive to 10 mM thiocyanate, a competitive inhibitor of some cyanases
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
bicarbonate