Information on EC 4.2.3.131 - miltiradiene synthase

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC4.2.3.131
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
4.2.3.131
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
miltiradiene synthase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
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ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(+)-copalyl diphosphate = miltiradiene + diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
carnosate bioynthesis
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Diterpenoid biosynthesis
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Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(+)-copaly-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, miltiradiene-forming)
Isolated from the plants Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Salvia miltiorrhiza. The enzyme from the plant Selaginella moellendorffii is mutifunctional and also catalyses EC 5.5.1.12, copalyl diphosphate synthase [2].
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in tanshinone biosynthesis
physiological function
Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression of copalyl diphosphate synthase CPS1 with isoform KSL1 results in the production of miltiradiene plus about 25% abietatriene; Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression of copalyl diphosphate synthase CPS1 with isoform KSL1 results in the production of miltiradiene plus about 25% abietatriene
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
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LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(+)-copalyl diphosphate
miltiradiene + diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
additional information
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MDS is a bifunctional miltiradiene synthase catalyzing the cyclization reaction of geranylgeranyl diphosphate via (+)-copalyl diphosphate to afford miltiradiene as a final product
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
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LITERATURE
SOURCE
elevated expression in trichome of young leaf. Isoform KSL1 transcript level is less than 1% of expression of isoform KSL2; elevated expression in trichome of young leaf. Isoform KSL1 transcript level is less than 1% of expression of isoform KSL2
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
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LITERATURE
D391G/D392G
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the mutant converts only (+)-copalyl diphosphate but not ent- or syn-copalyl diphosphate
D611G/D612G
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the mutant converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate to ent-copalyl diphosphate
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
synthesis
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expression of copalyl diphosphate synthase and miltiradiene synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, results in production of 4.2 mg/l miltiradiene. Miltiradiene production increases to 8.8 mg/l by improving supply of geranylgeranyl diphosphate by over-expression of a fusion gene of farnesyl diphosphate synthase ERG20 and endogenous geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase BTS1 together with a heterologous geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Combinatorial overexpression of truncated 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase with a mutated global regulatory factor upc2.1 and ERG20-BTS1-geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes has synergetic effects on miltiradiene production, increasing titer to 61.8 mg/l. In fed-batch fermentation 488 mg/l miltiradiene can be produced
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 4.2.3.131)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)