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Information on EC 2.7.1.94 - acylglycerol kinase
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EC Tree
2.7.1.94 acylglycerol kinaseIUBMB Comments
Acts on both 1- and 2-acylglycerols.
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Word Map
- 2.7.1.94
- translocase
-
intermembrane
-
lysophosphatidic
-
sengers
-
phosphatidic
- monoacylglycerols
- preproteins
- tim10
-
polytopic
- presequence
-
lpa-induced
- medicine
- autotaxin
- diagnostics
- drug development
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
tim22 complex, acylglycerol kinase, 1-mgk, 2-mgk, monoacylglycerol kinase, monoglyceride kinase, 1-monoacylglycerol kinase, multisubstrate lipid kinase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
1-MGK
1-monoacylglycerol kinase
2-MGK
2-monoacylglycerol kinase
AGK
kinase, monoacylglycerol (phosphorylating)
-
-
-
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MGK
-
-
-
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monoacylglycerol kinase
-
-
-
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monoglyceride kinase
-
-
-
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monoglyceride phosphokinase
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-
-
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sn-2-monoacylglycerol kinase
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-
-
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TIM22 complex
the enzyme mutated in Sengers syndrome is identified as a subunit of the TIM22 complex
additional information
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
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-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:acylglycerol 3-phosphotransferase
Acts on both 1- and 2-acylglycerols.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
62213-37-0
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
recombinant enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + 1-monoolein
ADP + 1-oleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
i.e. 1-monooleolylglyerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
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recombinant enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
recombinant enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
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recombinant enzyme
-
-
?
ATP + 2-arachidonoyl glycerol
ADP + 2-arachidonoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 2-monoolein
ADP + 2-oleoyoglycerol 3-phosphate
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i.e. 2-monooleolylglyerol
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-
?
ATP + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate
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-
product identified as alpha-phosphatidic acid
?
ATP + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
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-
product identified as alpha-phosphatidic acid
?
ATP + 1-palmitoylglycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate
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-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoylglycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
-
-
-
?
ATP + 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol
ADP + 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol 3-phosphate
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-
-
-
?
ATP + 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol
ADP + 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol 3-phosphate
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recombinant enzyme
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-
?
ATP + acylglycerol
ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
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the enzyme acts on both 1- and 2-acylglycerols, substrate specificity, overview
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-
?
ATP + acylglycerol
ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
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the enzyme acts on both 1- and 2-acylglycerols, substrate specificity, overview
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-
?
ATP + acylglycerol
ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
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the enzyme acts on both 1- and 2-acylglycerols, substrate specificity, overview
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-
?
ATP + diacylglycerol
ADP + phosphatidic acid
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i.e. diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate, regulation mechanism, overview
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?
ATP + diacylglycerol
ADP + phosphatidic acid
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i.e. diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate
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?
ATP + diacylglycerol
ADP + phosphatidic acid
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-
i.e. diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
?
ATP + monoacylglycerol
ADP + lysophosphatidic acid
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i.e. acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, regulation mechanism, overview
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?
ATP + monoacylglycerol
ADP + lysophosphatidic acid
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-
i.e. acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
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?
ATP + monoacylglycerol
ADP + lysophosphatidic acid
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i.e. acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
?
additional information
?
-
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1-monostearin amongst the 1-acylglycerols and 2-monoarachidonin amongst the 2-acylglycerols give the highest activity
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-
?
additional information
?
-
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preference for substrates with unsaturated fatty acids except for 1- and 2-monostearins
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-
?
additional information
?
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lysophosphatidic acid induces the cytokine interleukin-8 correlated with angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and cancer cell proliferation, the enzyme modulates cross talk with EGFR in prostate cancer cells, enzyme regulates the synthesis of the bioactive phospholipids lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid, activation of extracellular signal related kinase 1 and 2, thus being involved in pathenogenesis of cancer via enhanced cell proliferation
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-
?
additional information
?
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-
the enzyme plays a critical role in epidermal growth factor-induced mitogenesis of prostate cancer cells via EGF and IFG-II, and lysophosphatidic acid, the first way can be inhibited by enzyme suppression, the second cannot, enzyme function and regulation in initiation and progression of prostate cancer, lysophosphatidic acid enhances surival and suppresses apoptosis by reducing levels of the apoptosis-promoting protein Bax, and is involved in signal transduction pathways, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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no activity by the recombinant enzyme with C6-ceramide and sphingosine
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-
?
additional information
?
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in addition to its main activity, phosphorylation of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, EC 2.7.1.107, the enzyme also shows acylglycerol kinase activity, EC 2.7.1.94. Both monoacylglycerol kinase activities are low
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-
?
additional information
?
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in addition to its main activity, phosphorylation of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, EC 2.7.1.107, the enzyme also shows acylglycerol kinase activity, EC 2.7.1.94. Both monoacylglycerol kinase activities are very low
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-
?
additional information
?
-
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in addition to its main activity, phosphorylation of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, EC 2.7.1.107, the enzyme also shows acylglycerol kinase activity, EC 2.7.1.94. The 2-MGK activity is very low
-
-
?
additional information
?
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-
the enzyme modulates cross talk with EGFR in prostate cancer cells, enzyme regulates the synthesis of the bioactive phospholipids lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid, activation of extracellular signal related kinase 1 and 2, thus being involved in pathenogenesis of cancer via enhanced cell proliferation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
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increasing activity in the order: 1-monoacylglycerol, 2-monoacylglycerol, 1,2-diacylglycerol
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-
?
additional information
?
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when saturated fatty acids are present the order of decreasing activity varies directly with increasing chain length for C10 to C20
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?
additional information
?
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a single enzyme may function as diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol kinase
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-
?
additional information
?
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in addition to its main activity, phosphorylation of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, EC 2.7.1.107, the enzyme also shows acylglycerol kinase activity, EC 2.7.1.94. The 2-MGK activity is very low
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in addition to its main activity, phosphorylation of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, EC 2.7.1.107, the enzyme also shows acylglycerol kinase activity, EC 2.7.1.94. The 2-MGK activity is very low
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + diacylglycerol
ADP + phosphatidic acid
-
-
i.e. diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate, regulation mechanism, overview
-
?
ATP + monoacylglycerol
ADP + lysophosphatidic acid
-
-
i.e. acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, regulation mechanism, overview
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
lysophosphatidic acid induces the cytokine interleukin-8 correlated with angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and cancer cell proliferation, the enzyme modulates cross talk with EGFR in prostate cancer cells, enzyme regulates the synthesis of the bioactive phospholipids lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid, activation of extracellular signal related kinase 1 and 2, thus being involved in pathenogenesis of cancer via enhanced cell proliferation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a critical role in epidermal growth factor-induced mitogenesis of prostate cancer cells via EGF and IFG-II, and lysophosphatidic acid, the first way can be inhibited by enzyme suppression, the second cannot, enzyme function and regulation in initiation and progression of prostate cancer, lysophosphatidic acid enhances surival and suppresses apoptosis by reducing levels of the apoptosis-promoting protein Bax, and is involved in signal transduction pathways, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme modulates cross talk with EGFR in prostate cancer cells, enzyme regulates the synthesis of the bioactive phospholipids lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid, activation of extracellular signal related kinase 1 and 2, thus being involved in pathenogenesis of cancer via enhanced cell proliferation
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Zn2+
Ca2+
-
requirement for divalent cation is best fulfilled by Mg2+. Mn2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+, in that order are fair to poor substitutes for Mg2+
Mg2+
-
requirement for divalent cation is best fulfilled by Mg2+. Mn2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+, in that order are fair to poor substitutes for Mg2+, optimal concentration of Mg2+ is 0.03 M
Mn2+
-
requirement for divalent cation is best fulfilled by Mg2+. Mn2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+, in that order are fair to poor substitutes for Mg2+
Zn2+
-
requirement for divalent cation is best fulfilled by Mg2+. Mn2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+, in that order are fair to poor substitutes for Mg2+
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
octyl-beta-glucopyranoside
-
inhibits the recombinant enzyme in cell extract of transfected NIH 3T3 cells
phosphatidylcholine
-
inhibition alone, synergistic activation with the protein peak eluted from hydroxylapatite by 25 mM phosphate
phosphatidylethanolamine
-
inhibition alone, synergistic activation with the protein peak eluted from hydroxylapatite by 25 mM phosphate
sphingomyelin
-
inhibition alone, synergistic activation with the protein peak eluted from hydroxylapatite by 25 mM phosphate
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Phospholipids
-
e.g. phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine or sphingomyelin, inhibition alone, synergistic activation with the protein peak eluted from hydroxylapatite by 25 mM phosphate
additional information
-
protein peak eluted from hydroxylapatite by 25 mM phosphate activates and stabilizes
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Acidosis, Lactic
Lack of the mitochondrial protein acylglycerol kinase causes Sengers syndrome.
acylglycerol kinase deficiency
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Barth Syndrome
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Breast Neoplasms
Acylglycerol kinase promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in breast cancer via suppression of the FOXO1 transcription factor.
Carcinogenesis
Acylglycerol kinase functions as an oncogene and an unfavorable prognostic marker of human gliomas.
Carcinoma
Acylglycerol kinase promotes the proliferation and cell cycle progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma
Acylglycerol kinase promotes tumour growth and metastasis via activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3? signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
Acylglycerol kinase promotes tumour growth and metastasis via activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3? signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma.
Cardiomyopathies
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
Acylglycerol Kinase Mutated in Sengers Syndrome Is a Subunit of the TIM22 Protein Translocase in Mitochondria.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
Lack of the mitochondrial protein acylglycerol kinase causes Sengers syndrome.
Cataract
Acylglycerol Kinase Mutated in Sengers Syndrome Is a Subunit of the TIM22 Protein Translocase in Mitochondria.
Cataract
Identification of a truncation mutation of the acylglycerol kinase (AGK) gene in a novel autosomal recessive cataract locus.
choline kinase deficiency
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Expression of autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase in proliferative vitreoretinal epiretinal membranes.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Expression of lysophosphatidic acid, autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase as biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.
Epiretinal Membrane
Expression of autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase in proliferative vitreoretinal epiretinal membranes.
Glioma
Acylglycerol kinase functions as an oncogene and an unfavorable prognostic marker of human gliomas.
Lymphatic Metastasis
Overexpression of acylglycerol kinase is associated with poorer prognosis and lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Protein moonlighting in inborn errors of metabolism: the case of the mitochondrial acylglycerol kinase.
Muscular Diseases
Acylglycerol Kinase Mutated in Sengers Syndrome Is a Subunit of the TIM22 Protein Translocase in Mitochondria.
Muscular Diseases
Lack of the mitochondrial protein acylglycerol kinase causes Sengers syndrome.
Muscular Dystrophies
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Myoglobinuria
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Acylglycerol kinase promotes paclitaxel resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating FOXM1 via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Acylglycerol kinase promotes the stemness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by promoting ?-catenin translocation to the nucleus through activating PI3K/Akt pathway.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Overexpression of acylglycerol kinase is associated with poorer prognosis and lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Acylglycerol kinase promotes tumour growth and metastasis via activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3? signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Overexpression of acylglycerol kinase is associated with poorer prognosis and lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Acylglycerol kinase functions as an oncogene and an unfavorable prognostic marker of human gliomas.
Neoplasms
Acylglycerol kinase is over-expressed in early-stage cervical squamous cell cancer and predicts poor prognosis.
Neoplasms
Acylglycerol kinase promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in breast cancer via suppression of the FOXO1 transcription factor.
Neoplasms
Acylglycerol kinase promotes the proliferation and cell cycle progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Acylglycerol kinase promotes the stemness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by promoting ?-catenin translocation to the nucleus through activating PI3K/Akt pathway.
Neoplasms
Acylglycerol kinase promotes tumour growth and metastasis via activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3? signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Expression of autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase in prostate cancer: association with cancer development and progression.
Neoplasms
Gene expression profiles of lysophosphatidic acid-related molecules in the prostate: relevance to prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia.
Neoplasms
Overexpression of acylglycerol kinase is associated with poorer prognosis and lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell
Acylglycerol kinase is over-expressed in early-stage cervical squamous cell cancer and predicts poor prognosis.
Paraplegia
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.
Prostatic Neoplasms
A novel acylglycerol kinase that produces lysophosphatidic acid modulates cross talk with EGFR in prostate cancer cells.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Critical role of acylglycerol kinase in epidermal growth factor-induced mitogenesis of prostate cancer cells.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Expression of autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase in prostate cancer: association with cancer development and progression.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Acylglycerol kinase promotes the proliferation and cell cycle progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Stomach Neoplasms
Up-regulated acylglycerol kinase (AGK) expression associates with gastric cancer progression through the formation of a novel YAP1-AGK-positive loop.
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative
Expression of autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase in proliferative vitreoretinal epiretinal membranes.
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.2
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
identity of diacylglycerol kinase and monoacylglycerol kinase is established by employing purified enzyme and immunospecific antibody
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-
brenda
a single enzyme may function as diacylglycerol kinase and as monoacylglycerol kinase
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
enzyme overexpression in early stage
brenda
-
low expression in normal and very low expression level in tumor cells
brenda