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(S)-2-hydroxybutyrate + ferricytochrome c
2-oxobutyrate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-2-hydroxyhexanoate + ferricytochrome c
2-oxohexanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-2-hydroxyoctanoate + ferricytochrome c
2-oxooctanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-2-hydroxyvalerate + ferricytochrome c
2-oxovalerate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
(S)-lactate + 2 flavocytochrome b2
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
(S)-lactate + 2 potassium ferricyanide
pyruvate + 2 reduced potassium ferricyanide + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + cytochrome c
pyruvate + oxidized cytochrome c
(S)-lactate + K3[Fe(CN)6]
?
(S)-lactate + potassium ferricyanide
pyruvate + potassium ferrocyanide
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-mandelate + ferricytochrome c
hydroxy(phenyl)acetate + ferrocytochrome c
(S)-phenyllactate + ferricytochrome c
phenylpyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
fluoropyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
glycolate + ferricytochrome c
glyoxylate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: very poor substrate
Products: -
?
L-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide + H+
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
L-lactate + O2
? + superoxide anion
Substrates: the FDH domain reacts slowly with oxygen with formation of superoxide anion when separated from its natural electron acceptor, whether isolated or included in the holoenzyme
Products: -
?
L-lactate + potassium ferricyanide
pyruvate + potassium ferrocyanide + H+
phenyllactate + ferricytochrome c
phenylpyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: absolute selectivity to L-lactate
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: D-isomer not oxidized
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: replaces activity of EC 1.1.1.27 in limited substrate conditions
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
348057, 348058, 348061, 348062, 348063, 348064, 348065, 348067, 348070, 348071, 348072, 348073, 348074, 348075, 348076, 348077, 654690, 696188, 722153, 743494 Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: D-isomer not oxidized
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
287801, 348057, 348058, 348061, 348062, 348063, 348064, 348065, 348067, 348070, 348071, 348072, 348073, 348074, 348075, 348076, 348077 Substrates: can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c
Products: -
r
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: kcat/KM is 24000 fold lower with the recombinantly expressed flavocytochrome b2 flavin-binding domain compared to wild-type enzyme
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: the first step of the catalytic cycle consists of the oxidation of L-lactate by the FMN prosthetic group. FMN is later reoxidized by transferring its electrons one by one to the ferric heme. The final electron acceptor is cytochrome c
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
(S)-lactate + 2 flavocytochrome b2
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 flavocytochrome b2
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 flavocytochrome b2
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + cytochrome c
pyruvate + oxidized cytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + cytochrome c
pyruvate + oxidized cytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + cytochrome c
pyruvate + oxidized cytochrome c
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + K3[Fe(CN)6]
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + K3[Fe(CN)6]
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-mandelate + ferricytochrome c
hydroxy(phenyl)acetate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-mandelate + ferricytochrome c
hydroxy(phenyl)acetate + ferrocytochrome c
-
Substrates: traces of activity with wild type enzyme, significant activity with A198G/L230G double mutant
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
Substrates: flavocytochrome b2, i.e. L-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase, catalyzes L-lactate oxidation at the expense of cytochrome c in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in yeast and enables the latter to grow on lactate as the sole carbon source
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
Substrates: molecular dynamics studies on active-site models of flavocytochrome b2 in complex with the substrate for analysis of the mechanism of the enzyme-catalyzed L-lactate oxidation reaction, overview. In the calculated enzyme-substrate model complex, the l-lactate alpha-OH hydrogen is hydrogen bonded to the activesite base H373 Ne, whereas the Halpha is directed towards flavin N5, suggesting that the reaction is initiated by a-OH proton abstraction
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + potassium ferricyanide
pyruvate + potassium ferrocyanide + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + potassium ferricyanide
pyruvate + potassium ferrocyanide + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: GOX3 shows a broad substrate spectrum, with activity toward a range of L-2-hydroxy acids. glycolate oxidase GOX3 uses L-lactate with a similar efficiency to glycolate. No activity with D-lactate
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: chromate-reducing ability of enzyme-overproducing recombinant cells, the highest chromate-reducing activity of the cells is achieved in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme has absolute specificity for L-lactate, yet is non-selective with respect to its electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: development and evaluation of an enzymatic method exploiting an enzymatic oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate coupled with nitrotetrazolium blue (NTZB) reduction to a colored product, formazan, overview. The main advantages of the proposed method when compared to the LDH (EC 1.1.1.27)-based routine approaches are a higher sensitivity, simple procedure of analysis, usage of inexpensive, nontoxic reagents, and small amount of the enzyme. The enzyme is absolutely specific for L-lactate
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: development and evaluation of an enzymatic method exploiting an enzymatic oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate coupled with nitrotetrazolium blue (NTZB) reduction to a colored product, formazan, overview. The main advantages of the proposed method when compared to the LDH (EC 1.1.1.27)-based routine approaches are a higher sensitivity, simple procedure of analysis, usage of inexpensive, nontoxic reagents, and small amount of the enzyme. The enzyme is absolutely specific for L-lactate
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: chromate-reducing ability of enzyme-overproducing recombinant cells, the highest chromate-reducing activity of the cells is achieved in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme has absolute specificity for L-lactate, yet is non-selective with respect to its electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: development and evaluation of an enzymatic method exploiting an enzymatic oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate coupled with nitrotetrazolium blue (NTZB) reduction to a colored product, formazan, overview. The main advantages of the proposed method when compared to the LDH (EC 1.1.1.27)-based routine approaches are a higher sensitivity, simple procedure of analysis, usage of inexpensive, nontoxic reagents, and small amount of the enzyme. The enzyme is absolutely specific for L-lactate
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, ferricyanide and cytochrome c but not oxygen can serve as electron acceptor, rate of reduction with cytochrome c much slower than with the other possible acceptors, glycolate and L-malate do not serve as substrates
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: 2,6-dichloroindophenol, ferricyanide, methylene blue, 1,2-naphthoquinone and cytochrome c can serve as electron acceptors
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol used as electron acceptor, 10times more sensitive than ferricyanide
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: during the catalytic cycle, electrons are transferred one by one from the reduced flavin to heme b2 in the same subunit
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the role of the flavin mononucleotide-ribityl chain 2'OH group in maintaining the conserved K349 in a geometry favoring flavin reduction, of an active site water molecule belonging to a S371-Wat-D282-H373 hydrogen-bonded chain, which modulates the reactivity of the key catalytic histidine, and of the flavin C4a-C10a locus in facilitating proton transfer from the substrate to the active-site base, favoring the initial step of the lactate dehydrogenation reaction
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
(S)-lactate + 2 flavocytochrome b2
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: replaces activity of EC 1.1.1.27 in limited substrate conditions
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
287801, 348057, 348058, 348061, 348062, 348063, 348064, 348065, 348067, 348070, 348071, 348072, 348073, 348074, 348075, 348076, 348077 Substrates: can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c
Products: -
r
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: can feed electrons to respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: the first step of the catalytic cycle consists of the oxidation of L-lactate by the FMN prosthetic group. FMN is later reoxidized by transferring its electrons one by one to the ferric heme. The final electron acceptor is cytochrome c
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
(S)-lactate + 2 flavocytochrome b2
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
(S)-lactate + 2 flavocytochrome b2
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
Substrates: flavocytochrome b2, i.e. L-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase, catalyzes L-lactate oxidation at the expense of cytochrome c in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in yeast and enables the latter to grow on lactate as the sole carbon source
Products: -
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: chromate-reducing ability of enzyme-overproducing recombinant cells, the highest chromate-reducing activity of the cells is achieved in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: chromate-reducing ability of enzyme-overproducing recombinant cells, the highest chromate-reducing activity of the cells is achieved in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
cytochrome
-
each subunit of the tetramer is composed of two domains, one binding a heme and the other an FMN prosthetic group. The cytochrome domain consists of residues 1 to 99
-
FAD
the flavoenzyme possesses flavocytochrome b2 subunits, that each consists of an N-terminal cytochrome domain and a C-terminal flavodehydrogenase, FDH, domain
cytochrome c
-
-
cytochrome c
the flavoenzyme possesses flavocytochrome b2 subunits, that each consists of an N-terminal cytochrome domain and a C-terminal flavodehydrogenase, FDH, domain
ferricytochrome c
-
-
flavocytochrome b2
-
-
FMN
-
-
FMN
-
one FMN per subunit
FMN
-
one FMN per subunit
FMN
-
each subunit of the tetramer is composed of two domains, one binding a heme and the other an FMN prosthetic group. The flavin binding domain contains a parallel beta8alpha8 barrel structure and is composed of residues 100 to 486. The FMN moiety, which is located at the C-terminal end of the central beta-barrel, is mostly sequestered from solvent. It forms hydrogen bond interactions with main- and side-chain atoms from six of the eight beta-strands. The interaction of Lys349 with atoms N-1 and O-2 of the flavin ring is probably responsible for stabilization of the anionic form of the flavin semiquinone and hydroquinone and enhancing the reactivity of atom N-5 toward sulfite. The binding of pyruvate at the active site in subunit 2 is stabilized by interaction of its carboxylate group with the side-chain atoms of Arg376 and Tyr143. Residues His373 and Tyr254 interact with the keto-oxygen atom and are involved in catalysis. In contrast, four water molecules occupy the substrate-binding site in subunit 1 and Tyr143 forms a hydrogen bond to the ordered heme propionate group. Otherwise the two flavin-binding domains are identical within experimental error
FMN
-
the C-terminal domain of the enzyme contains FMN
FMN
-
flavohemoprotein, in the crystal structure, FMN and heme are face to face, and appear to be in a suitable orientation and at a suitable distance for exchanging electrons
FMN
each of the four subunits contains a flavin mononucleotide prosthetic group
FMN
each of the four subunits contains a flavin mononucleotide prosthetic group
heme
-
-
heme
-
one heme per subunit
heme
-
one heme per subunit
heme
one heme per subunit
heme
the flavoenzyme possesses flavocytochrome b2 subunits, that each consists of an N-terminal cytochrome domain and a C-terminal flavodehydrogenase, FDH, domain
heme
-
the N-terminal domain of the enzyme contains protohaem IX
heme
each enzyme subunit contains a cytochrome b5-like heme domain
heme
-
flavohemoprotein, in the crystal structure, FMN and heme are face to face, and appear to be in a suitable orientation and at a suitable distance for exchanging electrons. But in one subunit out of two, the heme domain is disordered and invisible. The heme domains are mobile in solution
heme
each of the four subunits contains a beta-type heme
heme
each of the four subunits contains a beta-type heme
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
ferricyanide used as electron acceptor
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
electron acceptors other than ferricytochrome c used
-
additional information
-
2,6-dichloroindophenol, ferricyanide, methylene blue, 1,2-naphthoquinone and cytochrome c can serve as electron acceptors
-
additional information
-
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol used as electron acceptor, 10-fold more sensitive than ferricyanide
-
additional information
-
NAD+ and NADP+ cannot substitute, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, ferricyanide and cytochrome c but not oxygen can serve as electron acceptor, rate of reduction with cytochrome c much slower than with the other possible acceptors
-
additional information
-
binding studies and models of the complex between cytochrome c and Fcb2, E63 is involved in the interaction with cyt. c, overview. Cytochrome c mutants E63K/D72K and E63K/D72K show reduced activity, but neither the K296M nor the Y97F mutation show significantly alteration of the enzyme kinetics. Effect of mutations on heme and cytochrome binding, overview
-
additional information
-
the enzyme is active with potassium ferricyanide
-
additional information
FMN and heme groups are localized in two different domains
-
additional information
-
the enzyme lacks a heme-binding domain and the cytochrome c-binding domain
-
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0.0015 - 0.131
ferricytochrome c
0.22 - 1.43
L-Phenyllactate
0.084 - 0.4
Phenyllactate
6
potassium ferricyanide
-
pH 9.5, temperature not specified in the publication
additional information
additional information
-
0.015
(S)-lactate
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.153
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.5, 25°C
0.16
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C, wild type
0.19
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, mutant Y143F, with heme
0.28
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C, mutant Y254F
0.4
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, mutant Y143F, with heme
0.53
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, wild-type enzyme, with heme
0.54
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, wild-type enzyme, with heme
0.84
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, wild-type enzyme, with FMN
0.89
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, wild-type enzyme, with FMN
2.09
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 20°C
2.5 - 5
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, mutant Y143F, with FMN
2.6
(S)-lactate
-
pH 8.0, temperature not specified in the publication
2.81
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, mutant Y143F, with FMN
0.02
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P44A
0.032
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant A67Q
0.051
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant L65A
0.061
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P64R
0.065
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant F39A
0.069
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P64Q
0.085
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant A67L
0.092
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant N69K
0.097
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant D72A
0.105
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant V70M
0.109
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant K73A
0.113
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant F39A
0.119
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant E63K
0.131
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, wild-type enzyme
0.7
cytochrome c
-
Y254L mutant
2.4
cytochrome c
-
Y254F mutant
131
cytochrome c
-
wild type enzyme
0.03
ferricyanide
-
Y254L mutant
0.04
ferricyanide
-
Y254F mutant
0.07
ferricyanide
-
wild type enzyme
0.07
ferricyanide
-
pH 5.5, isoform with activity maximum at pH 5.5
0.138
ferricyanide
-
pH 7.5, isoform with activity maximum at pH 7.5
0.27
ferricyanide
-
pH 9.5, isoform with activity maximum at pH 9.5
0.0015
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, mutant Y143F
0.01
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, wild-type enzyme
0.01
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, wild-type enzyme
0.023
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinantly expressed flavocytochrome b2 flavin-binding domain
0.045
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, wild-type enzyme
0.121
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 30°C, phosphate buffer, mutant Y143F
0.131
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 30°C, phosphate buffer, wild-type enzyme
0.131
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, mutant Y143F
0.0001
L-lactate
-
Y254L mutant enzyme with 2,6-dichloroindophenol as electron acceptor
0.037
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme with 2,6-dichloroindophenol as electron acceptor
0.04
L-lactate
-
Y143F mutant enzyme with 2,6-dichloroindophenol as electron acceptor
0.13
L-lactate
-
H373Q mutant enzyme with 2,6-dichloroindophenol as electron acceptor
0.16
L-lactate
wild-type, intact protein
0.23
L-lactate
-
Y143F mutant with cytochrome c as electron acceptor
0.24
L-lactate
-
native enzyme with cytochrome c as electron acceptor
0.25
L-lactate
mutant H373Q, using flavin domain only
0.29
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
0.33
L-lactate
-
sensor based on the inital Hansenula polymorpha C-105 cells
0.336
L-lactate
pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication
0.34
L-lactate
-
Y254F mutant
0.35
L-lactate
-
Y254F mutant
0.36
L-lactate
wild-type, using flavin domain only
0.4
L-lactate
-
intact enzyme
0.4
L-lactate
-
A198G mutant enzyme
0.49
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
0.49
L-lactate
-
native enzyme mutant with ferricyanide as electron acceptor
0.5
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
0.53
L-lactate
-
Y254L mutant
0.6
L-lactate
-
L230A mutant enzyme
0.65
L-lactate
mutant H373Q, intact protein
0.66
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 30°C
0.66
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, 25°C
0.86
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 10 mM Tris/HCl buffer, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.5, 25°C
0.89
L-lactate
-
stopped-flow kinetic parameters for flavin reduction by L-lactate using holo-enzyme, reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, in the absence of ferrocyanide
0.9
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (200 mM phsophate) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
0.94
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KBr) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
1.03
L-lactate
-
stopped-flow kinetic parameters for flavin reduction by L-lactate using FDH domain, reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, in the absence of ferrocyanide
1.102
L-lactate
pH 7.4, temperature not specified in the publication
1.18
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C
1.5
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KCl) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
1.6
L-lactate
-
cleaved enzyme
2.3
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KCl) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
2.7
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM potassium acetate) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
2.8
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (300 mM phsophate) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
2.9
L-lactate
-
Y143F mutant with ferricyanide as electron acceptor
3
L-lactate
-
with ferricyanide as electron acceptor
3.02
L-lactate
-
biosensor based on recombinant yeast FCb2cells
3.85
L-lactate
-
2,6-dichlorophenolindopenol as electron acceptor
3.9
L-lactate
-
Y254F mutant
4
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KBr) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
4.6
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM potassium acetate) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
5.8
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KBr) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
6.5
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KCl) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
7
L-lactate
-
mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
8.7
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (200 mM phsophate) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
8.9
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
9.2
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM potassium acetate) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
38
L-lactate
-
A198G/L230A mutant enzyme
38
L-lactate
-
A198G/L230G mutant enzyme
0.22
L-Phenyllactate
-
wild type enzyme
1.43
L-Phenyllactate
-
R289K mutant enzyme
0.084
Phenyllactate
-
Y254F mutant
0.4
Phenyllactate
-
wild type enzyme
7.4
pyruvate
-
-
additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetics
-
additional information
additional information
-
steady-state kinetic parameters and 2H kinetic isotope effects for the isolated flavin domain and intact, wild-type flavocytoochrome b2
-
additional information
additional information
stopped-flow, pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetics measuring electron transfer in artificial systems, redox potentials, overview
-
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0.011 - 207
ferricytochrome c
0.29 - 16.5
Phenyllactate
additional information
additional information
-
0.51
(S)-lactate
mutant Y254L with R289 distal, pH 7.0, 30°C
3.9
(S)-lactate
mutant D282N with R289 distal, pH 7.0, 30°C
13.2
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C, mutant Y254F
14.18
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.5, 25°C
270
(S)-lactate
wild-type enzyme with R289 distal, pH 7.0, 30°C
372
(S)-lactate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C, wild type
6
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant A67Q
39
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant F39A
62
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant F39A
63
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant L65A
87
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P44A
108
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant A67L
139
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant E63K
143
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P64R
155
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, wild-type enzyme
164
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant D72A
165
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant K73A
168
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P64Q
171
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant V70M
184
cytochrome c
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant N69K
185
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant A67Q
190
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant L65A
196
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant F39A
207
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P64Q
208
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant A67L
209
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant F39A
211
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P44A
212
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant P64R
214
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant D72A
214
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, wild-type enzyme
218
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant E63K
218
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant N69K
223
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant K73A
225
FAD
pH 7.0, 30°C, flavin turnover in pre-steady-state flavin reduction, mutant V70M
0.011
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, mutant Y143F
0.02
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinantly expressed flavocytochrome b2 flavin-binding domain
0.103
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, Tris-HCl buffer, wild-type enzyme
20
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, mutant Y143F
61
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 30°C, phosphate buffer, mutant Y143F
61
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 5°C, phosphate buffer, wild-type enzyme
155
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.0, 30°C, phosphate buffer, wild-type enzyme
207
ferricytochrome c
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, wild-type enzyme
0.2
Fluoropyruvate
-
Y254F mutant enzyme
2.8
Fluoropyruvate
-
wild type enzyme
0.031
L-lactate
mutant H373Q, intact protein
0.057
L-lactate
mutant H373Q, using flavin domain only
0.39
L-lactate
-
Y254L mutant enzyme
0.42
L-lactate
-
Y254L mutant
6.1
L-lactate
-
Y254F mutant enzyme
7.5
L-lactate
-
Y254F mutant
7.8
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KBr) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
8.6
L-lactate
-
mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
8.8
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM potassium acetate) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
9.2
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (200 mM phsophate) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
9.2
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KCl) on mutant R289K steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 2 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
11
L-lactate
-
Y143F mutant with cytochrome c as electron acceptor
30
L-lactate
-
L230A mutant enzyme
41
L-lactate
-
A198G/L230A mutant enzyme
41
L-lactate
-
A198G/L230G mutant enzyme with ferricyanide as electron acceptor
45
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KBr) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
60
L-lactate
-
Y143F mutant enzyme
60
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KCl) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
61
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KBr) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
71
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (200 mM phsophate) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
75
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM KCl) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
86
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM potassium acetate) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
101
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (300 mM phsophate) on the FDH domain steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, constant 10 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
103
L-lactate
-
native enzyme with cytochrome c as electron acceptor
113
L-lactate
-
influence of anions (400 mM potassium acetate) on the wild-type steady-state kinetic. Reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, 1.5 mM ferricyanide and variable L-lactate concentration
117
L-lactate
-
holo-enzyme, reaction conditions: 1 or 2 mM ferricyanide, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C
133
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C
144
L-lactate
-
stopped-flow kinetic parameters for flavin reduction by L-lactate using holo-enzyme, reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, in the absence of ferrocyanide
149
L-lactate
-
stopped-flow kinetic parameters for flavin reduction by L-lactate using FDH domain, reaction conditions: 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 5°C, in the absence of ferrocyanide
155
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
185
L-lactate
-
A198G mutant enzyme
200
L-lactate
wild-type, using flavin domain only
214
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 10 mM Tris/HCl buffer, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.5, 25°C
240
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, 25°C
259
L-lactate
-
FDH domain, reaction conditions: 13 mM ferricyanide, 100 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7, 30°C
270
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
372
L-lactate
wild-type, intact protein
400
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
400
L-lactate
-
native enzyme and Y143F mutant with ferricyanide as electron acceptor
473
L-lactate
-
wild type enzyme
0.02
L-Mandelate
-
wild type enzyme with ferricyanide as electron acceptor
8.5
L-Mandelate
-
A198G/L230G mutant enzyme with ferricyanide as electron acceptor
0.29
Phenyllactate
-
Y254F mutant enzyme
16.5
Phenyllactate
-
wild type enzyme
additional information
additional information
-
systematic determination of substrates with different chain length
-
additional information
additional information
-
systematic determination of activity of all mutants with L-mandelate and L-lactate as substrate
-
additional information
additional information
-
systematic determination of turnover numbers for wild type enzyme and deletion mutants with different electron acceptors, significantly reduced activity for deletion mutants with cytochrome c as electron acceptor
-
additional information
additional information
-
second-order rate constant for cytochrome c reduction in the pre-steady-state determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry
-
additional information
additional information
-
steady-state kinetic parameters and 2H kinetic isotope effects for the isolated flavin domain and intact, wild-type flavocytoochrome b2
-
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analysis
-
a L-lactate-selective microbial biosensor is developed using permeabilized cells of gene-engineered thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha, over-producing FCb2. The HpCYB2 gene, encoding FCb2, under the control of the strong Hansenula polymorpha alcohol oxidase promoter in the frame of a plasmid for multicopy integration is transformed to the recipient strain Hansenula polymorpha C-105 (gcr1 catX) impaired in glucose repression and devoid of catalase activity. The biosensor based on recombinant yeast cells exhibit a higher Km value (Km: 3.02 mM) and hence expanded linear range toward l-lactate as compared to a similar sensor based on the initial cells of Hansenula polymorpha C-105 (Km: 0.33 mM)
A198G
-
turnover reduced to 50%
D282N
site-directed mutagenesis, while the wild-type mutant has residue R289 in a distal or a proximal conformation, the mutant shows R289 only in a distal conformation
E91K
-
mutation has no effect on the rate of cytochrome c reduction, no significantly different behavior with regard to inhibition by ferrocytochrome c
F52A
-
mutation has no effect on the rate of cytochrome c reduction
L230A/A198G
the double mutant enzyme has a 6fold greater catalytic efficiency with L-mandelate than with L-lactate
R289K
-
kcat (1/sec) (substrate: L-lactate): 8.6 (in 200 mM phosphate: 9.2, in 400 mM potassium acetate: 8.8, in 400 mM KCl: 9.2, in 400 mM KBr: 7.8), Km (mM) (substrate: L-lactate): 7.0 (in 200 mM phosphate: 8.7, in 400 mM potassium acetate: 9.2, in 400 mM KCl: 6.5, in 400 mM KBr: 5.8). Mutant is not sensitive for excess lactate concentration. In contrast to the wild-type enzyme high concentrations of acetate, phosphate, chloride and bromide show no influence on the mutant enzyme
R376K
-
mutant enzyme shows no activity
R38E
-
activity and inhibitory profile similar to wild type
Y254del
-
deletion mutant
A198G/L230A
-
double mutant, turnover reduced to less than 10%
A198G/L230A
-
double mutant enzyme shows significant activity towards L-mandelate
A198G/L230A
crystallization data
A67L
-
reaction proceeds slower than in wild type, no inhibition by monoclonal antibody inhibiting electron transfer via flavocytochrome b2
A67L
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
A67Q
-
reaction proceeds slower than in wild type, no inhibition by monoclonal antibody inhibiting electron transfer via flavocytochrome b2
A67Q
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
D72A
-
activity and inhibitory profile similar to wild type
D72A
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
E63K
-
reaction proceeds slower than in wild type, no inhibition by monoclonal antibody inhibiting electron transfer via flavocytochrome b2
E63K
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
F39A
-
reaction proceeds slower than in wild type
F39A
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
H373Q
-
mutant
H373Q
His373 acts as an active site base during the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate. The decrease of 3500fold in the rate constant for reduction of the enzyme-bound FMN by lactate confirms this part of the reaction as that most affected by the mutation. Primary deuterium and solvent kinetic isotope affects for the mutant enzyme are significantly smaller than the wild-type values, establishing that bond cleavage steps are less rate-limiting in H373Q flavocytochrome b2 than in wild-type. Structure of the mutant enzyme with pyruvate bound, determined at 2.8 A, shows that the orientation of pyruvate in the active site is altered from that seen in the wild-type enzyme. Active site residues Arg289, Asp292, and Leu286 have altered positions in the mutant protein. The combination of an altered active site and the small kinetic isotope effects is consistent with the slowest step in turnover being a conformational change involving a conformation in which lactate is bound unproductively
H373Q
kcat (1/sec) (substrate:lactate): 0.031 (intact protein), 0.057 (flavin domain only), Km (mM) (substrate: lactate): 0.65 (intact protein), 0.25 (flavin domain only)
H373Q
the mutation results in a 34 orders of magnitude decrease in kcat and a slight increase in L-lactate Km
K73A
-
activity and inhibitory profile similar to wild type
K73A
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
L230A
-
mutant
L230A
-
turnover reduced to less than 10%
L230A
crystallization data
L230A
the mutant flavocytochrome b2 displays increased selectivity for (S)-2-hydroxyoctanoate over L-lactate by a factor of 40 (kcat/Km)
L65A
-
reaction proceeds slower than in wild type
L65A
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
N69K
-
reaction proceeds slower than in wild type, no inhibition by monoclonal antibody inhibiting electron transfer via flavocytochrome b2
N69K
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
P44A
-
reaction proceeds slower than in wild type
P44A
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
P64Q
-
less inhibition by monoclonal antibody inhibiting electron transfer via flavocytochrome b2
P64Q
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
P64R
-
less inhibition by monoclonal antibody inhibiting electron transfer via flavocytochrome b2
P64R
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
V70M
-
less inhibition by monoclonal antibody inhibiting electron transfer via flavocytochromb2
V70M
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
Y143F
-
-
Y143F
-
turnover reduced to 15%
Y254F
-
-
Y254F
-
significantly reduced activity of mutant enzyme
Y254F
-
only traces of activity
Y254F
-
increase in Km-value, 4fold decrease of vmax
Y254F
the mutant enzyme has a Vmax value some 28fold lower than that of the wild type enzyme and a slightly raised L-lactate Km value
Y254L
-
turnover reduced to less than 10%
Y254L
-
only traces of activity
Y254L
site-directed mutagenesis, while the wild-type mutant has residue R289 in a distal or a proximal conformation, the mutant shows R289 only in a distal conformation
Y74F
-
activity and inhibitory profile similar to wild type
Y74F
site-directed mutagenesis, comparison of the mutant kinetics in electron transfer from flavin to heme to the wild-type kinetics
additional information
-
enzyme knockout by construction of three T-DNA insertion lines for GOX3, gox3-1 (GK_523D09), gox3-2 (SALK_020909), and gox3-3 (SAIL_1156_F03), with insertions in exon 10, intron 10, and the 5' untranslated region, respectively. Neither the GOX3 loss-of-function mutants nor the overexpression lines showed phenotypical differences when compared with the wild type in standard growth conditions in both long- and short-day photoperiods. Loss of function of GOX3 induces metabolic rearrangements in roots that mirror wild-type responses under hypoxia. Conditional phenotype of gox3 mutant plants and complementation, overview
additional information
construction of a lactate-selective microbial sensor based on flavocytochrome b2-enriched yeast cells. Combination of recombinant technology and nanotechnology by recombinant overexpression of the enzyme in Hansenula polymorpha yeast cells additionally enriched by recombinant enzyme bound with gold nanoparticles, FC b2-nAu. The FC b2-nAu-enriched livingand permeabilized yeast cells are used for construction of a bioselective membrane of microbial L-lactate-selective amperometric biosensor. Phenazine methosulfate serves as a free defusing electron transfer mediator which provides effective electron transfer from the reduced enzyme to the electrode surface. The output to L-lactate of FC b2-nAu-enriched permeabilized yeast cells is 2.5fold higher compared to control cells. For intact cells, the treatment with FC b2-nAu results in 1.56fold increased enzymatic activity. For permeabilized cells, the enrichment efficacy is 2.33fold increased. Method evaluation
additional information
-
construction of a lactate-selective microbial sensor based on flavocytochrome b2-enriched yeast cells. Combination of recombinant technology and nanotechnology by recombinant overexpression of the enzyme in Hansenula polymorpha yeast cells additionally enriched by recombinant enzyme bound with gold nanoparticles, FC b2-nAu. The FC b2-nAu-enriched livingand permeabilized yeast cells are used for construction of a bioselective membrane of microbial L-lactate-selective amperometric biosensor. Phenazine methosulfate serves as a free defusing electron transfer mediator which provides effective electron transfer from the reduced enzyme to the electrode surface. The output to L-lactate of FC b2-nAu-enriched permeabilized yeast cells is 2.5fold higher compared to control cells. For intact cells, the treatment with FC b2-nAu results in 1.56fold increased enzymatic activity. For permeabilized cells, the enrichment efficacy is 2.33fold increased. Method evaluation
additional information
-
three different deletion mutants with deletion of 3, 6 and 9 amino acids from hinge region
additional information
the separately engineered flavodehydrogenase domain produces superoxide anion in its slow reaction with oxygen. This reaction apparently also takes place in the holoenzyme when oxygen is the sole electron acceptor, because the heme domain autoxidation is also slow. This is not unexpected in view of the heme domain mobility relative to the tetrameric flavodehydrogenase core. Reaction is so slow that it cannot compete with the normal electron flow in the presence of monoelectronic acceptors, such as ferricyanide and cytochrome c
additional information
-
the separately engineered flavodehydrogenase domain produces superoxide anion in its slow reaction with oxygen. This reaction apparently also takes place in the holoenzyme when oxygen is the sole electron acceptor, because the heme domain autoxidation is also slow. This is not unexpected in view of the heme domain mobility relative to the tetrameric flavodehydrogenase core. Reaction is so slow that it cannot compete with the normal electron flow in the presence of monoelectronic acceptors, such as ferricyanide and cytochrome c
additional information
-
for detection of the enzyme activity, recombinant enzyme is immobilized by means of a dialysis membrane onto various types of electrode materials in order to investigate the possibility of electrochemically detecting L-lactate respiratio, overview
additional information
introduction of a number of heme domain side chain substitutions in and around the interface to probe their effect on flavin to heme and cytochrome b2 electron transfer, overview
additional information
active site structures of wild-type and mutant enzymes, detailed overview
additional information
-
enzyme-deficient mutant cells can be complementated by expression of GOX3, a glycolate oxidase from Arabdiospsis thaliana, which is capable to synthesize L-lactate from pyruvate, overview
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P00175)
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Engqvist, M.K.; Schmitz, J.; Gertzmann, A.; Florian, A.; Jaspert, N.; Arif, M.; Balazadeh, S.; Mueller-Roeber, B.; Fernie, A.R.; Maurino, V.G.
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Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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ScientificWorldJournal
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Ogataea angusta (W1QKE8), Ogataea angusta, Ogataea angusta tr1 (W1QKE8)
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Karkovska, M.; Smutok, O.; Stasyuk, N.; Gonchar, M.
L-Lactate-selective microbial sensor based on flavocytochrome b2-enriched yeast cells using recombinant and nanotechnology approaches
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Ogataea angusta (W1QKE8), Ogataea angusta
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Wang, Y.; Xiao, D.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, C.; Sun, J.; Yang, C.; Xu, P.; Ma, C.; Gao, C.
Two NAD-independent l-lactate dehydrogenases drive L-lactate utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
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2018
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Q9HV37), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Q9I197)
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Eprintsev, A.; Larchenkov, V.; Komarova, N.; Kovaleva, E.; Mitkevich, A.; Falaleeva, M.; Kompantseva, E.
Purification and investigation of physicochemical and regulatory properties of homogeneous L-lactate cytochrom c oxidoreductase obtained from the nonsulfur purple bacterium Rhodovulum steppense
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370-374
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Rhodovulum steppense, Rhodovulum steppense A-20s
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Yamamoto, M.; Horie, M.; Fukushima, M.; Toyotome, T.
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Pichia kudriavzevii (A0A099P7X2), Pichia kudriavzevii, Pichia kudriavzevii SD108 (A0A099P7X2)
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Smutok, O.; Karkovska, M.; Serkiz, R.; Vus, D.; Cenas, N.; Gonchar, M.
A novel mediatorless biosensor based on flavocytochrome b2 immobilized onto gold nanoclusters for non-invasive L-lactate analysis of human liquids
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Ogataea polymorpha
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