1.17.1.4: xanthine dehydrogenase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about xanthine dehydrogenase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.17.1.4
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1.17.1.4
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uric
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1.2.1.37
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1.1.1.204
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allopurinol
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environmental protection
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ureide
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1.1.3.22
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medicine
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1.2.3.1
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xanthinuria
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oxypurines
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butyrophilins
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synthesis
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hypouricemic
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agriculture
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biotechnology
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analysis
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nutrition
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molecular biology
- 1.17.1.4
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uric
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1.2.1.37
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1.1.1.204
- allopurinol
- environmental protection
-
ureide
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1.1.3.22
- medicine
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1.2.3.1
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xanthinuria
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oxypurines
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butyrophilins
- synthesis
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hypouricemic
- agriculture
- biotechnology
- analysis
- nutrition
- molecular biology
Reaction
Synonyms
AtXDH1, EC 1.1.1.204, EC 1.2.1.37, IAO1, More, NAD-xanthine dehydrogenase, PaoABC, Retinol dehydrogenase, Rosy locus protein, VvXDH, xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine dehydrogenase-1, xanthine dehydrogenase-2, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, xanthine-NAD oxidoreductase, xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase, xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, XDH, XDH/XO, XDH1, XDH2, XdhC, XOR, YagR, YagS, YagT
ECTree
1.17.1.4 xanthine dehydrogenaseAdvanced search results
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Application on EC 1.17.1.4 - xanthine dehydrogenase
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APPLICATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
agriculture
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treatment of normal fruit in linear phase of growth with enzyme inhibitors allopurinol or adenine arrests fruit growth
analysis
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use of rosy mutant strains to probe structure and function of xanthine dehydrogenase
biotechnology
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the enzyme can be useful in biotechnlogical applications requiring special conditions, e.g. extreme pH values
environmental protection
medicine
molecular biology
isozyme XDH1 has the potential to be used as a metabolic target for controlling populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors of public health threats
nutrition
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xanthine oxidoreductase associated with milk phospholipid membranes is found to be distributed among an intra-membranous pool in which it takes the form of a mixture of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, with a clear predominance of xanthine dehydrogenase, and a free pool of xanthine oxidase, of which 33% is found in the outer surface of milk fat globule membrane, 20.5% in the outer surface of whey membrane particles, and the remaining 46.7% in apparent solution. The inner-membrane xanthine oxidoreductase may play a nonenzymatic role in fat secretion, whereas extramembranous xanthine oxidase is freely available for a role in the innate gland immune system and may affect milk quality
synthesis
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
environmental protection
Rhodobacter capsulatus B10XDHB
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XDHs can find applications in environmental degradation of pollutants like aldehydes and industrial application in nucleoside drugs like ribavirin
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medicine
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modification of xanthine oxidoreductase by disulfiram that is used in the management of chronic alcolism
medicine
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enzyme null mutant mice demonstrate 50% reduction in adipose mass compared to control, while obese mice exhibit increased concentrations of xanthine oxidoreductase mRNA and urate in adipose tissues. In vitro, knockdown of xanthine oxidoreductase inhibits adipogenesis and nuclear receptor PPARgamma activity. Xanthine oxidoreductase is a potential therapeutic target for metabolic abnormalities beyond hyperuricemia
medicine
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lung xanthine oxidoreductase activity is significantly increased after 2 h of mechanical ventilation without changes in enzyme expression. Increase occurs via activation of p38 MAP kinase and ERK and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with ventilator-induced lung injury
medicine
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oral adminstration of cassia oil significantly reduces serum and hepatic urate levels in hyperuricemic mice. At 600mg/kg, cassia oil is as potent as allopurinol. This hypouricemic effect is explained by inhibiting activities of liver xanthine oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase
medicine
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cocaine-induced cardiac disfunction is associated with an increase in NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase activities by 59% and 29%, respectively, and a decrease in catalase activity. Apocynin or allopurinol treatment prevents the cocaine-induced cardiac alteration by restoration of cardiac output, stroke volume and fractional shortening. This is associated with a reduction of the myocardial production of superoxide anions and an enhancement of catalase activity. Apocynin treatment prevents anthine oxidoreductase up-regulation supporting the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species play a role in modulating reactive oxygen species production by xanthine oxidoreductase
medicine
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demonstration of a functional link between xanthine oxidoreductase expression and mammary epithelial cell migration, potential role in enzyme in suppressing breast cancer pathogenesis. Level of xanthine oxidoreductase is markedly reduced in highly invasive mammary tumor cells, and over-expression of enzyme cDNA in cell lines possessing weak expression and high migratory capacity inhibits their migration in vitro
medicine
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demonstration of a functional link between xanthine oxidoreductase expression and mammary epithelial cell migration, potential role in enzyme in suppressing breast cancer pathogenesis. Over-expression of enzyme cDNA in cell lines possessing weak expression and high migratory capacity inhibits their migration in vitro
medicine
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the enzyme inhibitor 4-(5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl) pyridine-2-carbonitrile, i.e. FYX-051, is modified in vivo by N1- and N2-glucuronidation, mainly catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A9
medicine
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xanthine oxidoreductase is activated in a p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner following high tidal volume mechanical ventilation and is involved in resulting increased alveolar cell apoptosis
synthesis
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expression of enzyme in baculovirus-insect cell system, yields a mixture of native dimeric, demolydbo-dimeric and monomeric forms. All forms contain flavin, the monomeric forms lack molybdopterin and the iron-sulfur centers. Monomeric forms require only three electrons for complete reduction
synthesis
expression of genes xdhAB encoding the two subunits of enzyme, in Escherichia coli, produces active enzyme with moleybdenum content of 0.11-0.16 mol per alphabeta protomer and iron and FAD levels at stoichiometries similar to native enzyme. Coexpression of xdhAB genes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa xdhC gene increases level of molybdenum incorporated to a 1:1 stoichiometry and results in high levels of functional protein, up to 2284 units per mg and 8039 mg per l
synthesis
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for maximal level of functional expression, co-expression of xdhC gene is required which increases level of molybdenum incorporation. Iron and FAD content of expressed enzymes are independent of xdhC expression
