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1.14.19.17: sphingolipid 4-desaturase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about sphingolipid 4-desaturase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 1.14.19.17

Reaction

a dihydroceramide
+ 2 ferrocytochrome b5 +
O2
 + 2 H+ =
a (4E)-sphing-4-enine ceramide
 + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O

Synonyms

degenerative spermatocyte desaturase, DegS, Degs1, DEGS2, dehydroceramide desaturase, DELTA4 desaturase, DELTA4DES, DES-1, DES1, DES2, DHCD, dihydroceramide C4-desaturase, dihydroceramide DELTA4-(E)-desaturase, dihydroceramide DELTA4-desaturase, dihydroceramide DELTA4-desaturase 1, dihydroceramide desaturase, dihydroceramide desaturase 1, dihydroceramide desaturase 2, dihydroceramide desaturase-1, dihydroceramide-desaturase-1, drosophila degenerative spermatocyte 1, drosophila degenerative spermatocyte 2, ifc, LCB DELTA4 desaturase, MDES, membrane lipid desaturase, MLD, SPBC3B8.07c, sphingolipid DELTA4-desaturase

ECTree

     1 Oxidoreductases
         1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
             1.14.19 With oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of O2 to two molecules of water
                1.14.19.17 sphingolipid 4-desaturase

Expression

Expression on EC 1.14.19.17 - sphingolipid 4-desaturase

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Des1 is upregulated under hypoxia
Des1 is upregulated under hypoxia. Upregulation of Des1 occurs by saturated fatty acids and anoxia
Des2 is upregulated under hypoxia
gamma-tocotrienol causes downregulation of Des1 expression but is not inhibitory for the enzyme activity
-
interferon gamma upregulates expression levels of DEGS1 in the human mononuclear cell line THP-1, similarly, interleukin 2 increases expression levels of DEGS1 in human natural killer cells. all trans-Retinoic acid increases the enzyme expression
natural forms of vitamin E can induce dihydroceramide levels by repressing DEGS1 activity. Adiponectin represses the expression of degs1 in MCF-7 cells
palmitate induces the expression of DEGS1 leading to an associated increase in ceramide levels. Increased levels of palmitate may enhance the synthesis of ceramides by increasing the flux of palmitate substrate and expression rates of DEGS1. Monounsaturated fatty acids, including oleate, are able to attenuate the induction elicited by palmitate and prevent ceramide production