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Information on EC 6.2.1.13 - acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
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6.2.1.13 acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)IUBMB Comments
Also acts on propanoate and, very slowly, on butanoate.
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Word Map
- 6.2.1.13
- archaea
-
saethre-chotzen
-
amitochondriate
-
hyperthermophilic
-
cranial
-
protist
-
entamoeba
- giardia
- histolytica
-
acrocephalosyndactyly
-
amp-forming
- pyrococcus
- furiosus
- succinyl-coa
-
skull
- propionyl-coa
- lamblia
-
pyruvate:ferredoxin
-
sutures
- archaeoglobus
- archaebacteria
- phosphotransacetylase
-
acetate-forming
-
ppi-dependent
-
syndactyly
-
embden-meyerhof
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
Synonyms
acs iii, acetyl-coa synthetase (adp-forming), adp-acs, tk0944/tk0943 protein, acetate:coa ligase [adp-forming], 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
ACD
Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming)
ACS
ADP-ACS
ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase
ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase isoenzyme I
Synthetase, acetyl coenzyme A (adenosine diphosphate-forming)
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-
-
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Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming)
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-
-
-
ACS
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
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-
-
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ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
reaction mechanism and structural modelling, formation of enzyme-bound acetyl phosphate and enzyme phosphorylation at His257alpha, overview
ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
reaction mechanism: the formation of enzyme-bound acetyl phosphate and enzyme phosphorylation at His-257alpha, respectively, proceeds in analogy to succinyl-CoA synthetases. In contrast to succinyl-CoA synthetases, in acetyl-CoA synthetase the phosphoryl group is transferred from the His-257alpha to ADP via transient phosphorylation of a second conserved histidine residue in the beta-subunit, His-71alpha. It is proposed that acetyl-CoA synthetase reaction follows a four-step mechanism including transient phosphorylation of two active site histidine residues
ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
the enzyme uses a four-step reaction mechanism including an additional phosphoryl transfer step, the important His252, located in the beta subunit, is invovled
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Acid-thiol ligation
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-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
Also acts on propanoate and, very slowly, on butanoate.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
62009-85-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ADP + phosphate + indoleacetyl-CoA
ATP + indoleacetate + CoA
-
r, isoenzyme ACS II is active, ACS I not
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + isovaleryl-CoA
ATP + isovalerate + CoA
less than 1% activity compared to acetyl-CoA
-
-
r
ADP + phosphate + propanoyl-CoA
ATP + propanoate + CoA
45% of the activity relative to acetyl-CoA
-
?
ATP + 3-methylthiopropionate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + 3-methylthiopropionyl-CoA
Q5JIA8; Q5JIA9
-
-
-
?
ATP + heptanoate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + heptanoyl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + hexanoate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + hexanoyl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + imidazole-4-acetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + imidazol-4-ylacetyl-CoA
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17% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + isopentanioate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isovaleryl-CoA
-
34% of the activity relative to acetate
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-
?
ATP + octanoate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + octanoyl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + pentanoate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + valeryl-CoA
-
36% of the activity relative to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + succinate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + valerate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + valeryl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
CDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
CTP + acetate + CoA
7% activity compared to ADP
-
-
r
CTP + acetate + CoA
CDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
4.1% activity compared to ATP
-
-
r
dADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
dATP + acetate + CoA
-
40% of the activity relative to ADP
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-
?
ITP + acetate + CoA
IDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
15% activity compared to ATP
-
-
r
UDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
UTP + acetate + CoA
2.8% activity compared to ADP
-
-
r
UTP + acetate + CoA
UDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
1.6% activity compared to ATP
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-
r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
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-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
energy-conserving pyruvate-to-acetate pathway
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
-
Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain 7324 converts starch to acetate via a modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming)
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-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
100% activity
-
-
r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
the specific activity in the acetate-forming direction is approximately half that observed in the acetyl-CoA-forming direction
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-
r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
-
reverse reaction not detected
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
no activity with butanoyl-CoA, propanoyl-CoA and pentanoyl-CoA
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
Giardia intestinalis WB / CC 30957
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
-
downregulation of the enzyme is observed during periods of acetate consumption
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-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
Q9Y8L0, Q9Y8L1
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r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
-
isoenzymes ACS I and ACS II
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?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
Q9Y8L0, Q9Y8L1
major energy-conserving reaction during pyruvate and sugar conversion to acetate, catalyzing acetate formation and ATP synthesis
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r
ADP + phosphate + butanoyl-CoA
ATP + butanoate + CoA
23% of the activity relative to acetyl-CoA
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?
ADP + phosphate + butanoyl-CoA
ATP + butanoate + CoA
less efficiently than acetyl-CoA
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?
ADP + phosphate + butanoyl-CoA
ATP + butanoate + CoA
Giardia intestinalis WB / CC 30957
less efficiently than acetyl-CoA
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?
ADP + phosphate + butyryl-CoA
ATP + butyrate + CoA
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no activity with n-butyryl-CoA
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + butyryl-CoA
ATP + butyrate + CoA
-
92% of the activity relative to acetyl-CoA
-
?
ADP + phosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
less than 1% activity compared to acetyl-CoA
-
-
r
ADP + phosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
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-
-
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r
ADP + phosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
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r, isoenzyme ACS II is active, ACS I not
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-
?
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
ATP + propionate + CoA
16% activity compared to acetyl-CoA
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-
r
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
ATP + propionate + CoA
-
39% of the activity relative to acetyl-CoA
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-
?
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
ATP + propionate + CoA
-
110% of the activity relative to acetyl-CoA
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?
ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
ATP + succinate + CoA
-
30% of the activity relative to acetyl-CoA
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?
ADP + phosphate + succinyl-CoA
ATP + succinate + CoA
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no activity with isoenzymes ACS I and ACS II
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-
?
ATP + 2-methylbutyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + 2-methylbutyryl-CoA
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75% activity compared to acetate
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
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100% activity
-
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r
ATP + acetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
100% activity
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r
ATP + acetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
preferred direction of reaction
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r
ATP + acetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
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the enzyme is required for growth on ethanol. ACS activity is induced upon growth on ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, malonate and acetate
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?
ATP + acetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
the enzyme catalyzes the formation of acetate from acetyl-CoA and concomitant ATP synthesis by the mechanism of substrate level phosphorylation
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r
ATP + acetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
the phosphorolysis is catalyzed by the alpha-subunit alone, independent of the beta-subunit. Both the His257alpha and Glu218alpha are crucial for phosphorolysis. In case of Glu218alpha the charge is essential for activity and also the length of the side chain is important
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r
ATP + butyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + butyryl-CoA
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98% activity compared to acetate
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-
?
ATP + butyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + butyryl-CoA
5.6% activity compared to acetate
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-
r
ATP + butyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + butyryl-CoA
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at 98% of the activity with acetate
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-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
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46% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
-
46% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
-
at 38% of the activity with acetate
-
-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
-
isoenzymes ACS I and ACS II
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-
?
ATP + isobutyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isobutyryl-CoA
-
79% of the activity relative to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + isovalerate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isovaleryl-CoA
-
65% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + isovalerate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isovaleryl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + isovalerate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + isovaleryl-CoA
-
at 25% of the activity with acetate
-
-
?
ATP + n-butyrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + n-butyryl-CoA
-
3% of the activity relative to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
-
10% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + phenylacetate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA
less than 4% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + propionate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
-
100% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + propionate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
-
100% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + propionate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
-
at 47% of the activity relative to acetate
-
-
?
ATP + propionate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
72% activity compared to acetate
-
-
r
ATP + propionate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + propionyl-CoA
-
at 108% of the activity with acetate
-
-
?
ATP + thioglycolate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + thioglycolyl-CoA
-
110% activity compared to acetate
-
-
?
GDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
GTP + acetate + CoA
106% activity compared to ADP
-
-
r
GDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
GTP + acetate + CoA
-
r, 220% of the activity relative to ADP
-
?
GTP + acetate + CoA
GDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
57% activity compared to ATP
-
-
r
GTP + acetate + CoA
GDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
-
11% of the activity with ATP
-
-
?
IDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ITP + acetate + CoA
28% activity compared to ADP
-
-
r
IDP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ITP + acetate + CoA
-
r, 250% of the activity relative to ADP
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
4-hydroxyphenylacetate, indol-3-acetate and succinate are not utilized as substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
4-hydroxyphenylacetate, indol-3-acetate and succinate are not utilized as substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACD) catalyzes the interconversion of acetyl-CoA and acetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACD) catalyzes the interconversion of acetyl-CoA and acetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
metabolites of both reaction directions are determined by gas chromatography
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
metabolites of both reaction directions are determined by gas chromatography
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with diphosphate, AMP, TDP, TTP, butyryl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, or phenylacetyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with diphosphate, AMP, TDP, TTP, butyryl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, or phenylacetyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ACS1, encoded by the gene facA, is induced by acetate and repressed by glucose at the transcriptional level
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ACS2 may be a stress protein, expressed under carbon source starvation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme performs catalytic arsenolysis of acetyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme performs catalytic arsenolysis of acetyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Q5JIA8; Q5JIA9
almost no activity with formate, 5-aminovalerate, 4-guanidinobutyrate, 2-(imidazol-4-yl)acetate, malonate, and succinate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
almost no activity with formate, 5-aminovalerate, 4-guanidinobutyrate, 2-(imidazol-4-yl)acetate, malonate, and succinate
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
energy-conserving pyruvate-to-acetate pathway
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
?
-
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
-
Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain 7324 converts starch to acetate via a modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming)
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
the specific activity in the acetate-forming direction is approximately half that observed in the acetyl-CoA-forming direction
-
-
r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
Giardia intestinalis WB / CC 30957
enzyme catalyzes acetate formation and ATP generation during fermentation of pyruvate to acetate
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
-
downregulation of the enzyme is observed during periods of acetate consumption
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA
ATP + acetate + CoA
Q9Y8L0, Q9Y8L1
major energy-conserving reaction during pyruvate and sugar conversion to acetate, catalyzing acetate formation and ATP synthesis
-
r