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(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid + glutathione
2-(glutathion-S-yl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
4-maleylacetoacetate
4-fumarylacetoacetate
6-Oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid
6-Oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid
chlorofluoroacetic acid + ?
glyoxylate + ?
-
activity assay
-
-
?
cis-beta-Acetylacrylate
trans-beta-Acetylacrylate
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
maleylacetone
?
-
-
-
-
?
Maleylpyruvate
Fumarylpyruvate
Monomethyl 2(Z),4(E)-muconate
Monomethyl 2(E),4(E)-muconate
-
+ GSH
-
?
Monomethyl 5-oxo-1(E),3(Z)-hexadien-1-ylphosphonate monoanion
Monomethyl 5-oxo-1(Z),3(E)-hexadien-1-ylphosphonate monoanion
-
cis-trans double isomerization
-
?
additional information
?
-
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid + glutathione

2-(glutathion-S-yl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
-
it is proposed that the charged side chain of Arg-175 forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate of the alpha-halo acid substrates
-
?
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid + glutathione
2-(glutathion-S-yl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4-maleylacetoacetate

4-fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
4-maleylacetoacetate
4-fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
4-maleylacetoacetate
4-fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
?
4-maleylacetoacetate
4-fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
-
?
6-Oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid

6-Oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid
-
-
-
?
6-Oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid
6-Oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid
-
cis-trans double isomerization
-
?
6-Oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid
6-Oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid
-
r, reverse reaction is catalyzed in presence of GSH
-
?
6-Oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid
6-Oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid
-
cis-trans double isomerization
-
?
6-Oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid
6-Oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid
-
r, reverse reaction is catalyzed in presence of GSH
-
?
cis-beta-Acetylacrylate

trans-beta-Acetylacrylate
-
-
-
?
cis-beta-Acetylacrylate
trans-beta-Acetylacrylate
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate

?
enzyme of the phenylacetate pathway
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
human maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency presumably causes tyrosinemia that can be characterized by the absence of succinylacetone
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
enzyme of the tyrosine-catabolism
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
enzyme of the tyrosine-catabolism
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
enzymatic isomerization of cis,cis-muconaldehydic acid to trans,trans-muconaldehydic acid followed by the oxidation is suggested to be the path to trans,trans-muconate
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
one of the enzymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of aromatic amino acids
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate

Fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
+ GSH
+ GSSG
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
+ GSH
+ GSSG
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
+ GSH
+ GSSG
?
Maleylacetoacetate
Fumarylacetoacetate
-
+ GSH
+ GSSG
?
Maleylpyruvate

Fumarylpyruvate
-
-
-
?
Maleylpyruvate
Fumarylpyruvate
-
about 20fold higher activity than with maleylacetoacetate
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme deficiency would presumably cause tyrosinemia that would be characterized by the absence of succinylacetone
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme deficiency would presumably cause tyrosinemia that would be characterized by the absence of succinylacetone
-
?
additional information
?
-
key enzyme in the metabolic degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in the metabolic degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays an important role in the metabolism of tyrosine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the bifunctional enzyme dehalogenates dichloroacetate to glyoxalate via its zeta-1 family glutathione transferase activity. Dichloroacetate is relevant to environmental science and allopathic medicine. The sensitivity to the inhibitor varies between enzyme haplotypes. Three nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of GSTz1/MAAI show different activity toward dichloroacetate and certain other xenobiotic haloacids
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
GSTzeta/MAAI is induced during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes. This process requires expression of C/EBPalpha as well as PPARgamma
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the penultimate step in catabolic pathways for phenylalanine and tyrosine. BABL/c GSTZ1/MAAI-deficient mice show a number of significant abnormalities including altered organ sizes, an abnormal pattern of circulating leukocytes, and the consitutive induction of hepatic alpha, mu and pi class glutathione transferases
-
-
?
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4-maleylacetoacetate
4-fumarylacetoacetate
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Maleylacetoacetate

?
enzyme of the phenylacetate pathway
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
human maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency presumably causes tyrosinemia that can be characterized by the absence of succinylacetone
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
enzyme of the tyrosine-catabolism
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
enzyme of the tyrosine-catabolism
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
enzymatic isomerization of cis,cis-muconaldehydic acid to trans,trans-muconaldehydic acid followed by the oxidation is suggested to be the path to trans,trans-muconate
-
-
?
Maleylacetoacetate
?
-
one of the enzymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of aromatic amino acids
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
enzyme deficiency would presumably cause tyrosinemia that would be characterized by the absence of succinylacetone
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme deficiency would presumably cause tyrosinemia that would be characterized by the absence of succinylacetone
-
?
additional information
?
-
key enzyme in the metabolic degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme in the metabolic degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays an important role in the metabolism of tyrosine
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
GSTzeta/MAAI is induced during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes. This process requires expression of C/EBPalpha as well as PPARgamma
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the penultimate step in catabolic pathways for phenylalanine and tyrosine. BABL/c GSTZ1/MAAI-deficient mice show a number of significant abnormalities including altered organ sizes, an abnormal pattern of circulating leukocytes, and the consitutive induction of hepatic alpha, mu and pi class glutathione transferases
-
-
?
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(3Z)-1,3-butadiene-1,1,2,4-tetrol
competitive inhibitor identified by rational design, calculated to be no substrate and not inhibitory to CYP450 and nontoxic in AMES test
(Z)-3-[4-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]-2-propene-1,2-diol
competitive inhibitor identified by rational design, calculated to be no substrate and not inhibitory to CYP450 and nontoxic in AMES test
Dichloroacetate
-
the sensitivity to the inhibitor varies between enzyme haplotypes. Three nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of GSTz1/MAAI show different activity toward dichloroacetate and certain other xenobiotic haloacids
Dichloroacetic acid
-
DCA
maleylacetone
-
inhibits isomerization of 6-oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid into 6-oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid, and the reverse reaction
N-Hexylmaleamic acid
-
noncompetitive towards GSH and maleylacetone
NaBH4
-
inhibition in absence of substrate, increases activity in presence of substrate and GSH
S-Glutathioyl-N-hexylmaleamate
-
competitive towards GSH, uncompetitive towards maleylacetone
NEM

-
biphasic kinetics
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Acidosis, Lactic
Deficiency of glutathione transferase zeta causes oxidative stress and activation of antioxidant response pathways.
Acidosis, Lactic
Perturbation of maleylacetoacetic acid metabolism in rats with dichloroacetic Acid-induced glutathione transferase zeta deficiency.
Acidosis, Lactic
Polymorphisms in the human glutathione transferase zeta promoter.
Acidosis, Lactic
Prenatal and postnatal expression of glutathione transferase ? 1 in human liver and the roles of haplotype and subject age in determining activity with dichloroacetate.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Glutathione S-transferase Omega 2 DD genotype is associated with an increased risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese men.
Breast Neoplasms
Investigation of glutathione S-transferase zeta and the development of sporadic breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
No evidence for glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 in breast cancer risk.
Breast Neoplasms
Susceptibility to Breast Cancer and Three Polymorphisms of GSTZ1.
Carcinogenesis
GSTZ1 deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
GSTZ1 deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
GSTZ1 expression and chloride concentrations modulate sensitivity of cancer cells to dichloroacetate.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
GSTZ1 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib-induced ferroptosis via inhibition of NRF2/GPX4 axis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
GSTZ1-1 downregulates Wnt/?-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Hematologic Neoplasms
GSTZ1 genotypes correlate with dichloroacetate pharmacokinetics and chronic side effects in multiple myeloma patients in a pilot phase 2 clinical trial.
Liver Failure
Gene structure, chromosomal location, and expression pattern of maleylacetoacetate isomerase.
Lung Neoplasms
Pattern of antioxidant and DNA repair gene expression in normal airway epithelium associated with lung cancer diagnosis.
Macular Degeneration
Susceptibility to exudative age-related macular degeneration and three genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Z1 (GSTZ1).
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
Deficiency of glutathione transferase zeta causes oxidative stress and activation of antioxidant response pathways.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
Dichloroacetic acid up-regulates hepatic glutathione synthesis via the induction of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
Exposure of Rats to Multiple Oral Doses of Dichloroacetate Results in Upregulation of Hepatic GSTs and NQO1.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
GSTZ1 deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
GSTZ1-1 Deficiency Activates NRF2/IGF1R Axis in HCC via Accumulation of Oncometabolite Succinylacetone.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
Hypersuccinylacetonaemia and normal liver function in maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
Oncometabolite modification of Keap1 links GSTZ1 deficiency with cancer.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
Perturbation of maleylacetoacetic acid metabolism in rats with dichloroacetic Acid-induced glutathione transferase zeta deficiency.
maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency
Phenylalanine-induced leucopenia in genetic and dichloroacetic acid generated deficiency of glutathione transferase Zeta.
Multiple Myeloma
GSTZ1 genotypes correlate with dichloroacetate pharmacokinetics and chronic side effects in multiple myeloma patients in a pilot phase 2 clinical trial.
Neoplasms
Glutathione-related enzymes contribute to resistance of tumor cells and low toxicity in normal organs to artesunate.
Neoplasms
GSTZ1 deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway.
Neoplasms
GSTZ1 expression and chloride concentrations modulate sensitivity of cancer cells to dichloroacetate.
Neoplasms
GSTZ1-1 Deficiency Activates NRF2/IGF1R Axis in HCC via Accumulation of Oncometabolite Succinylacetone.
Neoplasms
GSTZ1-1 downregulates Wnt/?-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Neoplasms
Oncometabolite modification of Keap1 links GSTZ1 deficiency with cancer.
Neoplasms
p53 Loss in MYC-Driven Neuroblastoma Leads to Metabolic Adaptations Supporting Radioresistance.
Neoplasms
Prenatal and postnatal expression of glutathione transferase ? 1 in human liver and the roles of haplotype and subject age in determining activity with dichloroacetate.
Neoplasms
Susceptibility to Breast Cancer and Three Polymorphisms of GSTZ1.
Neuroblastoma
p53 Loss in MYC-Driven Neuroblastoma Leads to Metabolic Adaptations Supporting Radioresistance.
Ovarian Neoplasms
A panel of three oxidative stress-related genes predicts overall survival in ovarian cancer patients received platinum-based chemotherapy.
Pregnancy Complications
Effect modification of CPY2E1 and GSTZ1 genetic polymorphisms on associations between prenatal disinfection by-products exposure and birth outcomes.
Stomach Neoplasms
Glutathione S-transferase Z1 (GSTZ1) gene polymorphism in gastric cancer: a preliminary study in a Turkish population.
Tyrosinemias
Gene structure, chromosomal location, and expression pattern of maleylacetoacetate isomerase.
Tyrosinemias
Tyrosinemia type I: a clinico-laboratory case report.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
A case-control study of polymorphisms in xenobiotic and arsenic metabolism genes and arsenic-related bladder cancer in New Hampshire.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Genotoxicity of disinfection byproducts and disinfected waters: A review of recent literature.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTZ1, and CYP2E1, Disinfection Byproducts, and Risk of Bladder Cancer in Spain.
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0.023 - 0.417
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
0.068 - 0.64
4-Maleylacetoacetate
1.9
6-Oxo-2(E),4(Z)-heptanedienoic acid
-
-
3.2
6-Oxo-2(Z),4(E)-heptanedienoic acid
-
-
3
cis-beta-Acetylacrylate
-
-
2.9
trans-beta-Acetylacrylate
-
-
0.023
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid

-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175A
0.027
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175K
0.029
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1d-1d
0.044
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1c-1c
0.096
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1b-1b
0.128
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1a-1a
0.319
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme S15A
0.417
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme C16A
0.068
4-Maleylacetoacetate

-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme C165A
0.223
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175K
0.368
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, wild-type enzyme
0.5
4-Maleylacetoacetate
in the presence of 1.2 mM glutathione
0.64
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme S15A
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0.19 - 6.08
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
2.1 - 464
4-Maleylacetoacetate
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
0.19
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid

-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175A
0.55
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1d-1d
0.59
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1c-1c
0.61
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175K
0.82
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1b-1b
1
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme S15A
1.3
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1a-1a
2.55
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme C16A
6.08
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1b-1b
6.08
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, enzyme hGSTZ1c-1c
6.08
(+/-)-2-bromo-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175K
2.1
4-Maleylacetoacetate

-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme S15A
72.6
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme S15A
141
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme C165A
149
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175A
368
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, mutant enzyme R175K
464
4-Maleylacetoacetate
-
pH 7.6, 25°C, wild-type enzyme
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