the enzyme stereochemistry is not determined in the publication. Recombinant enzyme OkBCS converts farnesyl diphosphate to beta-caryophyllene as a major product (94%) and 6% alpha-humulene
enzyme OkBCS is not active with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as substrate, besides a weak hydrolysis activity converting GPP to geraniol, identification of substrates and products by GC-MS analysis
enzyme OkBCS is not active with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as substrate, besides a weak hydrolysis activity converting GPP to geraniol, identification of substrates and products by GC-MS analysis
the enzyme encoded by gene TPS1 produces beta-caryophyllene as a main product and humulene as a minor compound, and thus is named caryophyllene synthase (PnCPS)
the enzyme encoded by gene TPS1 produces beta-caryophyllene as a main product and humulene as a minor compound, and thus is named caryophyllene synthase (PnCPS)
unripe peppercorn is subjected to the Illumina transcriptome sequencing, young, unripe, and ripe fruits. GC/MS profiling of terpenes from immature black pepper fruit, accumulation of beta-caryophyllene, the major sesquiterpene in peppercorn, changes from 46% to 70% as fruits ripen
isozyme RtTPS1 contains all the conserved domains of the TPS family, including the RR(P)X8W, RXR, and DDXXD (X is any amino acid) motifs, and absolutely conserved arginine, cysteine and histidine residues in active-site
isozyme RtTPS3 contains all the conserved domains of the TPS family, including the RR(P)X8W, RXR, and DDXXD (X is any amino acid) motifs, and absolutely conserved arginine, cysteine and histidine residues in active-site
the enzyme belongs to typical class of sesquiterpene synthases from angiosperms, clade TPS-a. Across five Ocimum species, OkBCS shows the highest expression in Ocimum kilimandscharicum followed by Ocimum americanum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Ocimum gratissimum while Ocimum basilicum hadve trace levels
GC/MS profiling of terpenes from immature black pepper fruit, accumulation of beta-caryophyllene, the major sesquiterpene in peppercorn, changes from 46% to 70% as fruits ripen
flowers of plant lines lacking (E)-beta-caryophyllene emission show greater bacterial growth on their stigmas than wild-type flowers, and their seeds are lighter and misshapen. Plant lines with ectopic (E)-beta-caryophyllene emission from vegetative parts are more resistant than wild-type plants to pathogen infection of leaves, and show reduced cell damage and higher seed production. (E)-beta-caryophyllene seems to act by direct inhibition of bacterial growth
isozymes RtTPS1-4 mainly produce (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-beta-pinene, as well as small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene with GPP, while RtTPS1 and RtTPS3 are also active with FPP, producing beta-caryophyllene (65.71% for RtTPS1 and 93.05% for RtTPS3), along with a smaller amount of alpha-humulene (4.29% for RtTPS1 and 6.95% for RtTPS3). alpha/beta-Pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and alpha-humulene constitute the major active components in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Among them, (+)-alpha-pinene and beta-caryophyllene are most abundant in the leaves
isozymes RtTPS1-4 mainly produce (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-beta-pinene, as well as small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene with GPP, while RtTPS1 and RtTPS3 are also active with FPP, producing beta-caryophyllene (65.71% for RtTPS1 and 93.05% for RtTPS3), along with a smaller amount of alpha-humulene (4.29% for RtTPS1 and 6.95% for RtTPS3). alpha/beta-Pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and alpha-humulene constitute the major active components in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Among them, (+)-alpha-pinene and beta-caryophyllene are most abundant in the leaves
isozymes RtTPS1-4 mainly produce (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-beta-pinene, as well as small amounts of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene with GPP, while RtTPS1 and RtTPS3 are also active with FPP, producing beta-caryophyllene (65.71% for RtTPS1 and 93.05% for RtTPS3), along with a smaller amount of alpha-humulene (4.29% for RtTPS1 and 6.95% for RtTPS3). alpha/beta-Pinene, beta-caryophyllene, and alpha-humulene constitute the major active components in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Among them, (+)-alpha-pinene and beta-caryophyllene are most abundant in the leaves
production of beta-caryophyllene by assembling a biosynthetic pathway in an engineered Escherichia coli strain of which phosphoglucose isomerase gene has been deleted. The 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) or heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathways are employed. Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS2 gene from Abies grandis), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH gene), and beta-caryophyllene synthase genes are co-overexpressed in the engineered strain. The final genetically modified strain, YJM59, produces 220 mg/l of beta-caryophyllene in flask culture. Evaluation of fed-batch fermentation for the production of beta-caryophyllene. After induction for 60 h, the YJM59 strain produces beta-caryophyllene at a concentration of 1520 mg/l. The volumetric production fermented in the aerobic fed-batch is 0.34 mg/(l/h/OD600) and the conversion efficiency of glucose to beta-caryophyllene (gram to gram) is 1.69%. Method evaluation with beta-caryophyllene synthases from different origins, QHS1 from Artemisia annua is the most effective of the three enzymes, compared to TPS21 from Arabidopsis thaliana and TPS23 from Zea perennis. Substrate channeling
in a robustly acetate-utilizing Escherichia coli strain, acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), Artemisia annua beta-caryophyllene synthase (QHS1) and geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS2) are co-expressed to establish the engineered strain converting acetic acid to beta-caryophyllene. To further enhance beta-caryophyllene production from acetic acid, the heterologous mevalonate pathway is introduced into the cells. Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (AACS) is also expressed in the cells to increase the precursor acetoacetyl-CoA and accordingly resulted in the increase of beta-caryophyllene. The final genetically modified strain, YJM67, accumulates the production of biomass and beta-caryophyllene up to 12.6 and 1.05 g/l during 72 h, respectively, with a specific productivity of 1.15 mg/h/g dry cells, and the conversion efficiency of acetic acid to beta-caryophyllene (gram to gram) reaching 2.1%. The yield of beta-caryophyllene on acetic acid of this strain also reaches about 5.6 % of the theoretical yield. A pH-coupled HAc fed-batch fermentation in large scale production of beta-caryophyllene
production of beta-caryophyllene by assembling a biosynthetic pathway in an engineered Escherichia coli strain of which phosphoglucose isomerase gene has been deleted. The 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) or heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathways are employed. Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS2 gene from Abies grandis), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH gene), and beta-caryophyllene synthase genes are co-overexpressed in the engineered strain. The final genetically modified strain, YJM59, produces 220 mg/l of beta-caryophyllene in flask culture. Evaluation of fed-batch fermentation for the production of beta-caryophyllene. After induction for 60 h, the YJM59 strain produces beta-caryophyllene at a concentration of 1520 mg/l. The volumetric production fermented in the aerobic fed-batch is 0.34 mg/(l/h/OD600) and the conversion efficiency of glucose to beta-caryophyllene (gram to gram) is 1.69%. Method evaluation with beta-caryophyllene synthases from different origins, QHS1 from Artemisia annua is the most effective of the three enzymes, compared to TPS21 from Arabidopsis thaliana and TPS23 from Zea perennis. Substrate channeling
gene OkBCS silencing in Ocimum kilimandscharicum plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 mediated transfection. beta-Caryophyllene and alpha-humulene levels decrease by about 20% in silenced plants compared to controls. The silencing effect is more prominent in systemic leaves with 95% reduction in OkBCS transcripts against 51% decrease in local leaves
gene OkBCS silencing in Ocimum kilimandscharicum plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 mediated transfection. beta-Caryophyllene and alpha-humulene levels decrease by about 20% in silenced plants compared to controls. The silencing effect is more prominent in systemic leaves with 95% reduction in OkBCS transcripts against 51% decrease in local leaves
recombinant His-tagged enzyme TPS1 from Escherichia coli strain Rosetta 2(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, desalting gel filtration, and ultrafiltration
gene QHS1, the optimized QHS1 gene is expressed in Escherichia coli strain YJM63 and BL21(DE3), coexpression with genes ACS, GPPS2, and AACS to construct a beta-caryophyllene overroduction strain
gene TPS1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis and tree, the enzyme encoded by gene TPS1 produces beta-caryophyllene as a main product and humulene as a minor compound, and thus is named caryophyllene synthase (PnCPS), illumina transcriptome sequencing of unripe peppercorn identifiying sesquiterpene synthases (sesqui-TPSs), recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme TPS1 in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta 2(DE3)
transcript level of TPS 1 is significantly higher in oviposition-induced twigs that are attractive to the parasitoid Diprion pini than in non-attractive, artificially damaged twigs. Transcript levels of PsTPS 1 also changes significantly over time