Information on EC 2.6.1.15 - glutamine-pyruvate transaminase

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-cysteine

glycine + 3-mercapto-2-oxopropanoate

Substrates: poor substrate
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-ethionine

glycine + 4-ethylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

639898, 639901

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-ethionine

glycine + 4-ethylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-glutamine

glycine + 2-oxoglutaramate

639898, 639899, 639901

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-glutamine

glycine + 2-oxoglutaramate

391804

Substrates: -
Products: 2-oxoglutaramate cyclizes spontaneously to form 2-pyrrolidone-5-hydroxy-5-carboxylate

glyoxylate + L-glutamine

glycine + 2-oxoglutaramate

639897

Substrates: best substrate
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-glutamine

glycine + 2-oxoglutaramate

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-homoserine

glycine + 4-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoate

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-homoserine

glycine + 4-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoate

Substrates: poor substrate
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-methionine

glycine + 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

639897, 639898, 639901

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-methionine

glycine + 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-methionine (SR)-sulfoxide

glycine + ?

639898, 639901

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-methionine (SR)-sulfoxide

glycine + ?

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine

glycine + phenylpyruvate

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine

glycine + phenylpyruvate

Substrates: poor substrate
Products: -

glyoxylate + S-methyl-L-cysteine

glycine + 3-methylsulfanyl-2-oxopropanoate

Substrates: -
Products: -

glyoxylate + S-methyl-L-cysteine

glycine + 3-methylsulfanyl-2-oxopropanoate

Substrates: poor substrate
Products: -

L-albizziin + glyoxylate

glycine + 2-imidazolidone-5-hydroxy-5-carboxylic acid

Substrates: -
Products: undergoes non-enzymatic dehydration to 2-imidazolinone-5-carboxylate

L-albizziin + glyoxylate

glycine + 2-imidazolidone-5-hydroxy-5-carboxylic acid

391804

Substrates: S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine or O-carbamoyl-L-serine can replace albizziin
Products: -

L-glutamine + alpha-keto acid

alpha-ketoglutarate + amino acid

391804, 639898, 639901

Substrates: -
Products: -

L-glutamine + alpha-keto acid

alpha-ketoglutarate + amino acid

Substrates: -
Products: -

L-glutamine + alpha-keto acid

alpha-ketoglutarate + amino acid

Rhizobium etli

639903

Substrates: -
Products: -

pyruvate + L-glutamine

L-alanine + 2-oxoglutaramate

Substrates: -
Products: -

pyruvate + L-glutamine

L-alanine + 2-oxoglutaramate

Substrates: pyruvate cannot be replaced by its hydrazone, oxime or semicarbazone derivatives
Products: -

pyruvate + L-glutamine

L-alanine + 2-oxoglutaramate

Substrates: L-glutamine cannot be replaced by glycine
Products: -

additional information

Substrates: recombinant mouse KAT3/GTL selectively metabolizes selenomethionine to 2-oxo-gamma-methylselenobutyrate, KAT3/GTLis more efficient in transamination of both than is KAT1/GTK
Products: -

additional information

Substrates: recombinant mouse KAT3/GTL selectively metabolizes selenomethionine to 2-oxo-gamma-methylselenobutyrate, KAT3/GTLis more efficient in transamination of both than is KAT1/GTK
Products: -

show all columns Go to Natural Substrate Search

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NATURAL SUBSTRATE

NATURAL PRODUCT

REACTION DIAGRAM

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

COMMENTARY

REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified

L-glutamine + alpha-keto acid

alpha-ketoglutarate + amino acid

2 entries

L-glutamine + phenylpyruvate

2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine

Substrates: -
Products: -

L-glutamine + pyruvate

2-oxoglutaramate + L-alanine

Substrates: -
Products: -

selenomethionine + phenylpyruvate

2-oxo-gamma-methylselenobutyrate + L-phenylalanine

Substrates: -
Products: -

L-glutamine + alpha-keto acid

alpha-ketoglutarate + amino acid

639898, 639901

Substrates: -
Products: -

L-glutamine + alpha-keto acid

alpha-ketoglutarate + amino acid

Substrates: -
Products: -

show all columns Go to Cofactor Search

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COFACTOR

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

show all columns Go to Inhibitor Search

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INHIBITOR

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

2-oxoisopentanoate

transamination between glutamine and glyoxylate

3-Mercaptopyruvate

4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

Aminoxyacetate

soluble fraction

carbonyl reagents

cycloserine

soluble fraction

glyoxylate

at high concentration, transamination between albizziin and glyoxylate

hydroxylamine

2 entries

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide

L-gamma-glutamylhydrazide

with gamma-glutamylhydrazone of glyoxylate as substrate, weak

L-glutamine

with gamma-glutamylhydrazone of glyoxylate as substrate

methionine

57% inhibition at 5 mM, competitive inhibition

Sodium borohydride

hydroxylamine

soluble fraction

hydroxylamine

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DISEASE

TITLE OF PUBLICATION

LINK TO PUBMED

Acidosis

Effect of chronic alkalosis and acidosis on glutaminase II path in the dog kidney in vivo.

5551130

Alkalosis

Effect of chronic alkalosis and acidosis on glutaminase II path in the dog kidney in vivo.

5551130

Astrocytoma

GLUTAMINE TRANSAMINASE IN BRAIN TISSUE PREPARATIONS AND IN CELLS OF A HUMAN STRAIN OF DEDIFFERENTIATED ASTROCYTOMA.

14060299

Astrocytoma

[Glutamine transaminase in brain preparations and in cells of a strain of differentiated human astrocytoma.]

13932941

Carcinogenesis

Upregulation of the Glutaminase II Pathway Contributes to Glutamate Production upon Glutaminase 1 Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer.

31231915

Carcinoma

[Specificity of glutamine metabolism in pre-tumorous diseases and cancer of the human stomach]

21485

Gastritis, Atrophic

[Specificity of glutamine metabolism in pre-tumorous diseases and cancer of the human stomach]

21485

Hepatic Encephalopathy

[Analysis of prognostic factors and construction of a logistic regression model for patients with drug-induced liver failure].

30643050

Hepatorenal Syndrome

[Analysis of prognostic factors and construction of a logistic regression model for patients with drug-induced liver failure].

30643050

Liver Diseases

[Analysis of prognostic factors and construction of a logistic regression model for patients with drug-induced liver failure].

30643050

Neoplasms

High Levels of Glutaminase II Pathway Enzymes in Normal and Cancerous Prostate Suggest a Role in 'Glutamine Addiction'.

31861280

Neoplasms

The Metabolic Importance of the Glutaminase II Pathway in Normal and Cancerous Cells.

33352190

Neoplasms

Upregulation of the Glutaminase II Pathway Contributes to Glutamate Production upon Glutaminase 1 Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer.

31231915

Nephrosis

Erythrocytic enzymes and amino acids related to glutamic acid metabolism in childhood hypoproteinemic states.

6112873

Pancreatic Neoplasms

Upregulation of the Glutaminase II Pathway Contributes to Glutamate Production upon Glutaminase 1 Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer.

31231915

Prostatic Neoplasms

High Levels of Glutaminase II Pathway Enzymes in Normal and Cancerous Prostate Suggest a Role in 'Glutamine Addiction'.

31861280

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Erythrocytic enzymes and amino acids related to glutamic acid metabolism in childhood hypoproteinemic states.

6112873

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

[Activity of glutamine deaminating enzymes in the kidneys, liver and serum of dogs with renal failure and under normal conditions]

919372

show all columns Go to KM Value Search

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KM VALUE [mM]

SUBSTRATE

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

2-Oxoglutaramate

pH 8.4, 37ºC

3-hydroxypyruvate

pH 8.4, 37ºC

4.8

3-Mercaptopyruvate

pH 8.4, 37ºC

3.2

4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate

pH 8.4, 37ºC

gamma-glutamylhydrazone of glyoxylate

pH 8.4, 37ºC

glyoxylate

pH 8.4, 37ºC

4.4

L-glutamic acid gamma-methylester

pH 8.4, 37ºC

0.7 - 6

L-glutamine

3 entries

1.9

L-methionine

pH 8.4, 37ºC

L-methionine (SR)-sulfoxide

pH 8.4, 37ºC

10.5

pyruvate

pH 8.4, 37ºC

0.7

L-glutamine

show all columns Go to Turnover Number Search

recombinant enzyme, pH 9.0, 38°C

L-glutamine

pH 8.4, 37ºC

L-glutamine

pH 8.4, 37ºC

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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]

SUBSTRATE

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

2.67

L-glutamine

recombinant enzyme, pH 9.0, 38°C

show all columns Go to kcat/KM Value Search

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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs^-1]

SUBSTRATE

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

IMAGE

3.81

L-glutamine

recombinant enzyme, pH 9.0, 38°C

show all columns Go to Specific Activity Search

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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

0.013

0.017

0.113

mitochondrion

0.467

soluble fraction

show all columns Go to pH Optimum Search

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pH OPTIMUM

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

8.2 - 8.5

assay at

show all columns Go to pH Range Search

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pH RANGE

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

7.6 - 8.8

about half-maximum activity at pH 7.6 and about 90% of maximum activity at pH 8.8

show all columns Go to Temperature Optimum Search

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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

show all columns Go to Organism Search

assay at

391804, 639897, 639898, 639899, 639901

assay at

only manually annotated data include textmining data from AMENDAenzyme occurrence in organism, localization and source tissue with reliability ranks include all textmining data from AMENDAenzyme occurrence in organism, localization and source tissue with reliability ranks + FRENDAco-occurrence of enzyme names and organism names (less precise)

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ORGANISM

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

UNIPROT

SEQUENCE DB

SOURCE

brenda

SwissProt

brenda

brenda

brenda

bifunctional kynurenine aminotransferase/glutamine transaminase, 4 isoforms, expression in COS1-cells

brenda

male Sprague-Dawley

639897, 639898, 639901

brenda

show all columns Go to Source Tissue Search

only manually annotated data include textmining data from AMENDAenzyme occurrence in organism, localization and source tissue with reliability ranks

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SOURCE TISSUE

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

SOURCE

additional information

brenda

isoform +14KATI

brenda

brenda

brenda

391804, 639897, 639898, 639899, 639901

brenda

liver

brenda

additional information

tissue localizations of KAT3/GTL/CCBL2, real-time RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis in tissues of female and male animals, overview. The enzyme is present in both liver and kidney of the mouse, but is much more abundant in the kidney than in the liver

brenda

additional information

brenda

additional information

most isoforms are ubiquitously expressed

brenda

show all columns Go to Localization Search

only manually annotated data include textmining data from AMENDAenzyme occurrence in organism, localization and source tissue with reliability ranks

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LOCALIZATION

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

GeneOntology No.

LITERATURE

SOURCE

brenda

636642, 639897, 639901

brenda

cytosol

5829

brenda

top hide

Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines

Filter by:

Cell Line Links

Gene Links

show all columns Go to General Information Search

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GENERAL INFORMATION

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

evolution

kynurenine aminotransferase 3 (KAT3, EC 2.6.1.7) catalyzes the transamination of kynurenine to kynurenic acid, and is identical to cysteine conjugate beta-lyase 2 (CCBL2, EC 4.4.1.13) and glutamine transaminase L (GTL, EC 2.6.1.64)

additional information

2 entries

additional information

the enzyme is a key enzyme for studying the nephrotoxic mechanism of some xenobiotics and the formation of chemopreventive compounds in the mouse kidney

additional information

the enzyme is a key enzyme for studying the nephrotoxic mechanism of some xenobiotics and the formation of chemopreventive compounds in the mouse kidney

Go to AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices SearchGo to Localization Prediction

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UNIPROT

ENTRY NAME

ORGANISM

NO. OF AA

NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]

SOURCE

SEQUENCE

LOCALIZATION PREDICTION

The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).

A0A088SHX2 pBLAST

A0A088SHX2_9TRYP

Leishmania panamensis

414

46414

TrEMBL

other Location (Reliability: 3)

A0A3Q8IGK8 pBLAST

A0A3Q8IGK8_LEIDO

Leishmania donovani

414

46154

TrEMBL

Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)

A0A1G4ICR0 pBLAST

A0A1G4ICR0_TRYEQ

Trypanosoma equiperdum

429

48334

TrEMBL

other Location (Reliability: 3)

O08339 pBLAST

O08339_CERSP

Cereibacter sphaeroides

1512

164441

TrEMBL

Q71RI9 pBLAST

KAT3_MOUSE

455

51126

Swiss-Prot

Q75WK2 pBLAST

Q75WK2_THETH

Thermus thermophilus

381

42271

TrEMBL

Go to PDB and Structure Links Search

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PDB

SCOP

CATH

UNIPROT

ORGANISM

3 entries

Thermus thermophilus

1v2d, download, 3D-view

1v2e, download, 3D-view

1v2f, download, 3D-view

show all columns Go to Molecular Weight Search

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MOLECULAR WEIGHT

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

110000

44000

x * 44000, SDS-PAGE

110000

110000

PAGE

show all columns Go to Subunit Search

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SUBUNIT

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

x * 44000, SDS-PAGE

show all columns Go to Temperature Stability Search

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TEMPERATURE STABILITY

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

in crude extract inactivation within 10 min, in the presence of pyruvate, glyoxylate or phenylpyruvate 1 h stability, 25% loss of activity within 3 h

Go to General Stability Search

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GENERAL STABILITY

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

2-mercaptoethanol and alpha-keto acids stabilize

Go to Storage Stability Search

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STORAGE STABILITY

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

-20°C, in 30-50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, at least 7 weeks

0-5°C, in 30-50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, little or no loss of activity for 1-2 weeks, in the absence of mercaptoethanol inactivation within 1-2 days

24-26°C, 20% loss of activity of purified enzyme in 3 days

4ºC, 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.2, 10% glycerol, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.01 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 3 months

639897, 639898

Go to Purification (commentary) Search

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PURIFICATION (Commentary)

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

ammonium sulfate fractionation , DE-52 chromatography

DE-52 chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography

DE-52 chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography for soluble fraction, DE-52 chromatography for mitochondrial fraction

Go to Cloned (commentary) Search

639897

recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity purification, two different steps of anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration

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CLONED (Commentary)

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

LITERATURE

4 cDNAs with different 5-untranslated regions

show all columns Go to Application Search

recombinant His-tagged enzyme expression in Escherichia coli, enzyme expression analysis by realtime RT-PCR

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APPLICATION

ORGANISM

UNIPROT

COMMENTARY

LITERATURE

analysis

the enzyme is a key enzyme for studying the nephrotoxic mechanism of some xenobiotics and the formation of chemopreventive compounds in the mouse kidney