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5.1.1.10: amino-acid racemase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about amino-acid racemase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 5.1.1.10

Reaction

an L-amino acid
=
a D-amino acid

Synonyms

AAR, ACL racemase, amino acid racemase, amino-acid racemase, ArgR, BAR, broad specificity amino acid racemase, broad substrate specificity amino acid racemase, broad-specificity amino acid racemase, broad-spectrum amino acid racemase, Bsar, D-amino acid racemase 1, DAR1, GkNSAAR, L-Amino acid racemase, LACBS_00576, MalY, More, N-succinylamino acid racemase, NSAR, patB, PH0138, PLP-independent amino acid racemase, Racemase, amino acid, RacX, YgeA

ECTree

     5 Isomerases
         5.1 Racemases and epimerases
             5.1.1 Acting on amino acids and derivatives
                5.1.1.10 amino-acid racemase

Cloned

Cloned on EC 5.1.1.10 - amino-acid racemase

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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
amino acid racemase of Pseudomonas putida DSM 3263 is overexpressed in Escherichia coli and delivered cell free extract with easily sufficient activity (20–50 U/mg total protein) for application in an enzyme membrane reactor (EMR) setting
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enzyme is produced mainly as an inclusion body in Escherichia coli. In this study, expression of the recombinant protein into the soluble fraction is markedly improved by coexpression with chaperone molecules
expressed as a His-taged fusion protein
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expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged fusion protein
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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expression in Escherichia coli
gene AAR, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), showing lower lysine racemase activity, protein AAR is highly insoluble in Escherichia coli
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gene ABI14443, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene ACLR or Oant_4493, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene ACLR or Smed_5339, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene ACLR, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene CSE45_2055, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene JNB_04915, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene malY, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genetic organization, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of C-terminally His6-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene Mesop_2670, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene Mvan_2918, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene racX, recombinant expression of C-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) pLysS
gene SM0020_01805, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene SMc02413, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of codon-optimized His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain JM109
gene ygeA, recombinant expression of C-terminally His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) pLysS
over-expressed in Escherichia coli
protein is expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21
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recombinant BAR is cloned in Escherichia coli BL-21 as His-tagged BAR
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recombinant expression of enzyme BAR in inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), expression of the recombinant protein in the soluble fraction is markedly improved by co-expression with chaperone molecules, i.e. chaperone proteins DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES, GroELGroES and Tig, and Tig, method optimization
recombinant overexpression of His6-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) and complementation of lysine or asparagine auxotroph strains (Escherichia coli lysine auxotrophic strain BCRC 51734 and asparagine auxotrophic strain CGSC 4813) recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia and Oryza sativa cv. Tainung 67 plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 transformation system. The Bsar variant, Bsar-R174K, is useful as a selectable marker gene in Arabidopsis and rice that are susceptible to L-lysine and D-alanine. The transformation of Arabidopsis thalinana with Bsar or Bsar variants based on D-alanine selection reveals that Bsar-R174K has the greatest efficiency (2.40%), superior to kanamycin selection-based transformation (1.10%). L-lysine-based selection exhibits lower efficiency for Bsar-R174K (0.17%). The progenies of selected Bsar-R174K transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants reveals normal growth properties. Bsar-R174K mutant transgenic Oryza sativa is obtained on L-lysine medium with an efficiency of 0.9%, and the progenies of the transgenic rice show morphologically normal phenotypes comparable with their wild-type counterparts. RT-PCR expression analysis
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