3.4.21.7: plasmin
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about plasmin, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 3.4.21.7
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3.4.21.7
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fibrinolysis
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fibrinogen
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urokinase
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coagulation
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clot
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tissue-type
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thrombin
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pai-1
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endothelial
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urokinase-type
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artery
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platelet
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upa
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thrombosis
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thrombolytic
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antithrombin
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streptokinase
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heparin
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inhibitor-1
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bleeding
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infarct
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kringle
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prothrombin
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coronary
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venous
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hemorrhage
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d-dimers
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kallikrein
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anticoagulant
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stroke
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hemostatic
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zymogen
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thromboembolic
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zymography
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intravascular
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thromboplastin
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aprotinin
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2-macroglobulin
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amidolytic
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thrombin-antithrombin
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hypercoagulable
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tranexamic
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lipoproteina
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procoagulant
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antifibrinolytic
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recanalization
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prekallikrein
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alteplase
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fibrinopeptide
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nutrition
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analysis
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medicine
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degradation
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pharmacology
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thrombophilia
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agriculture
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food industry
- 3.4.21.7
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fibrinolysis
- fibrinogen
- urokinase
- coagulation
- clot
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tissue-type
- thrombin
- pai-1
- endothelial
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urokinase-type
- artery
- platelet
- upa
- thrombosis
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thrombolytic
- antithrombin
- streptokinase
- heparin
- inhibitor-1
- bleeding
- infarct
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kringle
- prothrombin
- coronary
- venous
- hemorrhage
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d-dimers
- kallikrein
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anticoagulant
- stroke
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hemostatic
- zymogen
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thromboembolic
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zymography
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intravascular
- thromboplastin
- aprotinin
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2-macroglobulin
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amidolytic
-
thrombin-antithrombin
-
hypercoagulable
-
tranexamic
-
lipoproteina
-
procoagulant
-
antifibrinolytic
-
recanalization
- prekallikrein
- alteplase
-
fibrinopeptide
- nutrition
- analysis
- medicine
- degradation
- pharmacology
- thrombophilia
- agriculture
- food industry
Reaction
Preferential cleavage: Lys-/- > Arg-/-; higher selectivity than trypsin. Converts fibrin into soluble products =
Synonyms
actase, delta-plasmin, EC 3.4.4.14, fibrinase, fibrinolysin, More, mu-plasmin, mu-plasminogen, PL, plasmin, plasminogen, PLG, Plm, PLS, serum tryptase, thrombolysin
ECTree
3.4.21.7 plasminAdvanced search results
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Application on EC 3.4.21.7 - plasmin
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APPLICATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
agriculture
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effect of plasmin on in vitro embryo production. Plasmin added to the 18 h in vitro maturation medium increases the maturation rate of embryos without affecting fertilization or embryo development rates
analysis
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electrochemical assay of plasmin activity based on a ferrocenyl peptide substrate having a plasmin-specific substrate sequence, Lys-thr-Phe-Lys, and immobilized on a gold electrode. Detection limit for plasmin is around 50 ng/ml or 0.15 mU/ml. Ratio of kcat/Km values is 0.063 microM/s
degradation
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cleavage at Arg336 is a central mechanism of plasmin-catalyzed factor VIII inactivation. Cleavages at Arg336 and Lys36 are selectively regulated by the A2 and A3-C1-C2 domains, respectively, interacting with plasmin
food industry
medicine
nutrition
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hydrolysis of milk proteins alphaS-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin is highly dependent on photooxidation state of substrate. Changes in the formation of potential angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides as well as peptides proposed to have anti-bactericidal activities are observed after oxidation of substrates before plasmin hydrolysis
pharmacology
food industry
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milk retentate with increased plasmin activity is an interesting starting material for cheese-making. Increased plasmin activity increases cheese flavour and decreases ripening time
food industry
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the enzyme is responsible for spoilage of directly heated ultra-high temperature milk products
medicine
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a reversibly acylated plasmin-staphylokinase complex might be protected from rapid irreversible inhibition by alpha2-antiplasmin in plasma, exhibits a prolonged plasma half-life and has altered pharmacodynamic properties
medicine
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a mutant, noninhibitory plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 reduces pathological ECM accumulation in anti-thy-1 nephritis, in large part through effectively competing with native plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1, thereby restoring plasmin generation and increasing plasmin-dependent degradation of matrix components
medicine
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binding of inactive plasmin to annexin A2 inhibits plasmin induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1. Inactive plasmin may be useful in suppressing inflammatory diseases that involve a series of proteases (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases)
medicine
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blocking plasmin prevents the generation of active platelet-derived growth factor-C, which is the major platelet-derived growth factor isoform relevant for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Thus, plasmin is a therapeutic target for patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy
medicine
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exerts proinflammatory functions. Direct activation of RAW264.7 cell monocytes by plasmin
medicine
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less efficient proteolytic processing of the Pro370Leu protein by plasmin, coupled with the strong association of this variant with ethnicity, contributes to the differential prevalence of cardiovascular disease across ethnic groups
medicine
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plasmin activates transforming growth factor beta 2, which has a potential protective role in breast cancer by its inhibitory effect on epithelial cell growth
medicine
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plasmin can impair hemostasis by partially degrading fibrinogen to fragment X, a product that retains clottability but forms clots with reduced tensile strength that stimulate plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator more than fibrin clots. Attenuation of thrombolytic therapy-induced fragment X formation may reduce the risk of bleeding
medicine
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plasmin generated in atherosclerotic lesion can induce macrophage activation
medicine
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plasmin generation system plays an important role in tissue repair/remodeling
medicine
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plasmin induces an endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasorelaxation in the porcine coronary artery, whereas it inhibits the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by thrombin
medicine
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processing of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor by plasmin stimulates neurite outgrowth on TrkB-transfected PC-12 cells to a similar extent than mature wild-type brain-derived neurotrophic factor
medicine
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role in the course of tissue repair. Plasmin directly influences ERK-mediated signaling leading to epithelial to mesenchymal transition
medicine
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the plasminogen/plasmin system decreases Bim(EL) expression and activation of caspase-3 via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway during liver regeneration, resulting in an enhancement of cell survival. Plasmin protects against starvation-induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes of mice
medicine
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11% of patients with systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings display increased serum baseline plasmin level and 70% of these have a history of anaphylaxis. Indication of bone marrow examination for the diagnosis of clonal mast cell disease
medicine
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16% of patients with a history of systemic reaction to Hymenoptera and Diptera venom show an elevated level of plasmin. These patients report fewer usual skin reactions, more flushing and frequently do not present skin reaction. Mastocytosis was diagnosed in 33% of patients with elevated plasmin level
medicine
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application of human plasminogen to plasminogen-deficient mice with bacterially induced arthritis. Plasmin protects against Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis by activating inflammatory cells, killing bacteria, removing necrotic tissue, and enhancing cytokine expression
medicine
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comparison of serum plasmin levels and scoring mastocytosis index reveals a positive correlation. Use of scoring mastocytosis index as a tool for evaluating the severity of cutaneous mastocytosis
medicine
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in presence of plasmin on the bacterial surface, Streptococcus pneumoniae transmigration across epithelial A549 and endothelial EaHy layer increases
medicine
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induction of asthma by ovalbumin results in thickening of the airway wall, hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, subepithelial fibrosis, epithelial and endothelial lesions. Tissue plasminogen activator activity is significantly decreased in asthmatic animals, and activity of plasmin inhibitor PAI-1 is significantly higher as is alpha2-antiplasmin, consistent with the superiority of plasmin system inhibition over activation in plasma
medicine
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antifibrinolytic inhibitors, e.g. aprotinin, of the serine protease plasmin are commonly used to reduce bleeding during surgery
medicine
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localized immobilization of bioactive plasmin on stainless steel substrates, including stents, may attenuate metallic prosthesis-induced thrombus formation
pharmacology
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construction of a deletion mutant of plasminogen lacking the middle portion of the molecule, resulting in kringle I attachment to the serine protease domain. After expression in Escherichia coli and purification, mutant plasminogen is effectively converted to mutant plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator. Mutant plasmin is rapidly inhibited by alpha2-antiplasmin an alpha2-macroglobulin. It demonstrates fibrinolytic potency comparable to human plasma-derived plasmin and is a potentially safe and effective direct thrombolytic agent
pharmacology
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development of human plasmin product that is rendered inactive by low pH value of 3.0-4.0 until it is delivered directly to the neutral environment of a thrombus by catheter-assisted administration. The product is extremely pure and has a shelf-life of three years at ambient temperature
pharmacology
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intravitreous injection of plasmin induces partial posterior vitreous detachment in diabetic rats. Combinantion of hyaluronidase and plasmin can induce complete posterior vitreous detachment. It ismore difficult to induce posterior vitreous detachment in diabetic rats than in healthy rats. No obvious toxic reaction was observed in each group
