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pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
homogalacturonan + H2O
?
different homogalacturonan substrates, best at pH 4.0-6.0 for enzyme BcPME
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
additional information
?
-
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
O23447, O80722, Q5MFV6, Q5MFV8, Q84WM7, Q8GXA1, Q8L7Q7, Q9LSP1, Q9LY18, Q9LY19, Q9SMY6 -
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
O23447, O80722, Q5MFV6, Q5MFV8, Q84WM7, Q8GXA1, Q8L7Q7, Q9LSP1, Q9LY18, Q9LY19, Q9SMY6 PME plays an important role in elongation of the pollen tube in pistil, which is essential for delivering sperms into the female gametophyte in sexual plant reproduction, regulation mechanism, overview
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
-
-
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
O23447, O80722, Q5MFV6, Q5MFV8, Q84WM7, Q8GXA1, Q8L7Q7, Q9LSP1, Q9LY18, Q9LY19, Q9SMY6 -
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
-
involved in the regulation of the cell wall rigidity, central role in the pollen tube growth and determination of pollen tube morphology
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
-
PME activity gives rise to negatively charged carboxylic groups and protons in the pectic matrix modifying the cell wall charge, apoplasmic pH and potentially the activity of apoplasmic proteins, the enzyme has several physiologic functions in the plant and is involved e.g. in plant growth, xylogenesis, fruit ripening, plant defense, and in general plant-stress signalling, detailed overview, high content of unmethylesterified HGA, generated by high PME activity in cell walls, correlates positively with the susceptibility of plant cultivars to abiotic and biotic stresses, model of PME involvement in plant defences, overview
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
O23447, O80722, Q5MFV6, Q5MFV8, Q84WM7, Q8GXA1, Q8L7Q7, Q9LSP1, Q9LY18, Q9LY19, Q9SMY6 PME plays an important role in elongation of the pollen tube in pistil, which is essential for delivering sperms into the female gametophyte in sexual plant reproduction, regulation mechanism, overview
-
-
?
pectin + H2O
methanol + pectate
-
degree of methylation of 90%
-
-
?
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
-
-
-
?
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
-
-
-
-
?
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
-
-
-
?
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
-
-
-
?
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
-
-
-
?
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
substrate is Citrus pectin with 82% degree of methylesterification
-
-
?
pectin + n H2O
n methanol + pectate
substrate is Citrus pectin with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) of 30%, 65% and 90%, best substrate for enzyme AtPME is pectin DM 90% at pH 7.5
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
mature PMEs presumably have different modes of action, depending on the environmental conditions such as pH, the initial degree of demethylesterification of pectins, and the presence of cation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the overall PME activity greatly decreases with a pectic substrate with a degree of methylation of 60%
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity, overview. Homogalacturonan substrates are HG96B20, HG96B39 HG96B56, HG96B69, HG96B82, HG96P14, HG96P36, HG96P56, HG96P64, and HG96P75. Spectrometric quantification
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-
?
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PMEI
O23447, O80722, Q5MFV6, Q5MFV8, Q84WM7, Q8GXA1, Q8L7Q7, Q9LSP1, Q9LY18, Q9LY19, Q9SMY6 i.e. PME inhibitor
-
(E)-1-(2-nitroethenyl)-4-(2-propenyloxy)-benzene
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1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-([1-(1-naphthyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]thio)ethanone
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1-(3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazoyl-9-yl)-3-morpholinopropan-2-ol
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10-(hydroxymethylene)-9(10H)-phenanthrenone
-
2-(2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazylidene)propanedinitrile
-
2-(3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide
-
2-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-one
-
2-chloro-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-1,4-dihydro-naphthalene-1,4-dione
-
2-methoxyacridin-9-amine
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2-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2,4-dihydro-4-(2-propen-1-yl)-5-propyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one
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4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynyl)benzaldehyde-2-phenylhydrazone
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4-[1-(fur-2-oyl)pyrazol-5-yl]-5-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole
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N'1-[2-(tert-butyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrazolo[1,5-alpha]-pyrimidin-7-yl]-4-chlorobenzenohydrazide
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N'6-[3,5-di-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-pyrimido-[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-6-carbohydrazide
-
N-(1,4-dibenzoyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-benzamide
-
N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N'-[5-(2-furyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]urea
-
N-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-N'-phenylurea
-
N-(4-methyl-2-thienyl)-N'-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-urea
-
N-[(2-chlorobenzoyl)oxy]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-5-carboximidamide
-
N1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(2-thienylthio)-propanamide
-
N4-(2-furylmethyl)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide
-
NaCl
-
activity decreases in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl and is 4times lower in 0.5 M NaCl
pectin methylesterase inhibitor 7
PMEI7, inhibits the enzyme only at pH 5.0, not at pH 6.3-7.5, re-incubating the sample at pH values where the inhibitory capacity of AtPMEI7 is not expected, fully restores AtPME3 activity. PME3 enzyme-bound complex structure analysis, stability of the AtPME3-AtPMEI7 complex at acidic and neutral pH, overview. The mechanism of competition between intramolecular and intermolecular contacts is not isolated to a single pair of residues. Changes in the protonation of amino acids at the complex interface shift the network of interacting residues between intermolecular and intramolecular. These shifts ultimately regulate the stability of the PME3-PMEI7 complex and the inhibition of the PME as a function of the pH. Analysis of the conformational dynamics of the PMEI helices reveals a consistent twist of helix alphaII, which is mostly involved in the binding of AtPME3. The dihedral space explored by helix alphaII reveals the presence of several populations at pH 7.0, with values of psi dihedral angles shifting toward regions of the Ramachandran plot that do not characterize alpha-helices. PMEI7 mutated version E68A (as the wild-type protein) is able to inhibit PME activity, whereas E75A is not
-
PMEI
O23447, O80722, Q5MFV6, Q5MFV8, Q84WM7, Q8GXA1, Q8L7Q7, Q9LSP1, Q9LY18, Q9LY19, Q9SMY6 i.e. PME inhibitor
-
polyphenon 60
PP60, commercial inhibitor mixture that contains 60% catechin (which consists of 34% (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 16.7% (-)-epigallocatechin, 8.7% (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, 7.3% (-)-epicatechin, 2.8% (-)-gallocatechin gallate, and 0.5% (-)-catechin gallate), tannic acid, or (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
-
Silver nitrate
complete inhibition
[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-thienyl]-(piperidino)-methanone
-
additional information
-
effects of hormones and stresses on isozyme expression, overview
-
additional information
-
a purified kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) pectin methylesterase inhibitor has no effect on the activity of the enzyme
-
additional information
analysis of inhibition of the enzyme by polyphenols such as catechins and tannic acid, overview
-
additional information
endogenous inhibitor PMEI5 does not act through HMS in the embryo cell wall
-
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metabolism
guard cell walls concerted with the action of cell-wall enzymes, acting on the cell wall polymers for stomatal movements, regulation, overview
evolution
in Arabidopsis thaliana, 66 PMEs and a similarly high number of pectin methylesterase inhibitors, PMEIs, have so far been identified
evolution
sequence comparisons of pectinesterase enzymes from Citrus sinensis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Botrytis cinerea
malfunction
-
the number of adventitious roots is 30% increased in the pme3-1 mutant
malfunction
-
loss-of-function mutant alleles of pectin methylesterase35 show a pendant stem phenotype and an increased deformation rate of the stem
malfunction
a defect in mucilage extrusion is observed in a PME6 mutant and is shown to be a pleiotropic effect of the changes in embryo. hms-1 Embryo defect phenotype, the embryo cell size is decreased, the hms-1 radicals and cotyledons both have a reduced cell perimeter compared with the wild-type, overview. The PME activity is decreased and the degree of methyl esterification is increased in hms-1 7-DPA mutant seeds
malfunction
Atpme3-1 loss-of-function mutants exhibit phenotypes distinct from the wild-type, and show earlier germination and reduction of root hair production, correlated with the accumulation of a 21.5-kDa protein in the different organs of 4-day-old Atpme3-1 seedlings grown in the dark, as well as in 6-week-old mutant plants. Microarray analysis shows significant downregulation of the genes encoding several pectin-degrading enzymes and enzymes involved in lipid and protein metabolism in the hypocotyl of 4-day-old dark grown mutant seedlings. Accordingly, there is a decrease in proteolytic activity of the mutant as compared with the wild-type. Among the genes specifying seed storage proteins, two encoding cruciferins are upregulated. Overexpression of four cruciferin genes in the mutant Atpme3-1, in which precursors of the alpha- and beta-subunits of CRUCIFERIN accumulate
physiological function
-
isoform PME3 plays a role in adventitious rooting
physiological function
-
isoform PME3 acts as a susceptibility factor and is required for the initial colonization of the host tissue by Pectobacterium carotovorum and Botrytis cinerea
physiological function
-
isoform PME35-mediated demethylesterification of the primary cell wall directly regulates the mechanical strength of the supporting tissue
physiological function
highly methyl esterified seeds' (gene PME6) is a pectin methyl esterase involved in embryo development, it is required for normal embryo development. Enzyme HMS causes the softening of plant tissues. Isozyme HMS plays an important role in embryo growth
physiological function
pectin is an important cell wall polysaccharide required for cellular adhesion, extension, and plant growth. The pectic methylesterification status of guard cell walls influences the movement of stomata in response to different stimuli. Pectin methylesterase (PME) has a profound effect on cell wall modification, especially on the degree of pectic methylesterification during heat response. Isozyme PME34 plays a significant role in heat tolerance through the regulation of stomatal movement, PME34 specifically regulates stomatal aperture in response to heat, overview. The opening and closure of stomata is mediated by changes in response to a given stimulus, might require a specific cell wall modifying enzyme to function properly
physiological function
pectin methylesterases (PMEs) play a central role in pectin remodeling during plant development
physiological function
regulation of enzyme PME may control the physical properties and structure of the plant cell wall. Evidence for a link between AtPME3, present in the cell wall, and CRUCIFERIN metabolism that occurs in vacuoles is provided
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Tian, G.W.; Chen, M.H.; Zaltsman, A.; Citovsky, V.
Pollen-specific pectin methylesterase involved in pollen tube growth
Dev. Biol.
294
83-91
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Chen, L.; Ye, D.
Roles of pectin methylesterases in pollen-tube growth
J. Integr. Plant Biol.
49
94-98
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana (O23447), Arabidopsis thaliana (O80722), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q5MFV6), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q5MFV8), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q84WM7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8GXA1), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8L7Q7), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LSP1), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LY18), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LY19), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SMY6)
-
brenda
Pelloux, J.; Rusterucci, C.; Mellerowicz, E.J.
New insights into pectin methylesterase structure and function
Trends Plant Sci.
12
267-277
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Populus trichocarpa, Daucus carota (P83218)
brenda
De-la-Pena, C.; Badri, D.V.; Vivanco, J.M.
Novel role for pectin methylesterase in Arabidopsis: A new function showing ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) activity
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1780
773-783
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Mach, J.
Will remodel to suit: cellulose binding protein secreted by a parasitic nematode interacts with Arabidopsis pectin methylesterase
Plant Cell
20
2927
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
brenda
Hewezi, T.; Howe, P.; Maier, T.R.; Hussey, R.S.; Mitchum, M.G.; Davis, E.L.; Baum, T.J.
Cellulose binding protein from the parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii interacts with Arabidopsis pectin methylesterase: cooperative cell wall modification during parasitism
Plant Cell
20
3080-3093
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Dedeurwaerder, S.; Menu-Bouaouiche, L.; Mareck, A.; Lerouge, P.; Guerineau, F.
Activity of an atypical Arabidopsis thaliana pectin methylesterase
Planta
229
311-321
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Guenin, S.; Mareck, A.; Rayon, C.; Lamour, R.; Assoumou Ndong, Y.; Domon, J.M.; Senechal, F.; Fournet, F.; Jamet, E.; Canut, H.; Percoco, G.; Mouille, G.; Rolland, A.; Rusterucci, C.; Guerineau, F.; Van Wuytswinkel, O.; Gillet, F.; Driouich, A.; Lerouge, P.; Gutierrez, L.; Pelloux, J.
Identification of pectin methylesterase 3 as a basic pectin methylesterase isoform involved in adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis thaliana
New Phytol.
192
114-126
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Lionetti, V.; Cervone, F.; Bellincampi, D.
Methyl esterification of pectin plays a role during plant-pathogen interactions and affects plant resistance to diseases
J. Plant Physiol.
169
1623-1630
2012
Apium graveolens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum nigrum, Nicotiana attenuata
brenda
Raiola, A.; Lionetti, V.; Elmaghraby, I.; Immerzeel, P.; Mellerowicz, E.J.; Salvi, G.; Cervone, F.; Bellincampi, D.
Pectin methylesterase is induced in Arabidopsis upon infection and is necessary for a successful colonization by necrotrophic pathogens
Mol. Plant Microbe Interact.
24
432-440
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Hongo, S.; Sato, K.; Yokoyama, R.; Nishitani, K.
Demethylesterification of the primary wall by pectin methylesterase35 provides mechanical support to the Arabidopsis stem
Plant Cell
24
2624-2634
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Yan, J.; He, H.; Fang, L.; Zhang, A.
Pectin methylesterase31 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
496
497-501
2018
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LVQ0), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9LVQ0)
brenda
L'Enfant, M.; Domon, J.M.; Rayon, C.; Desnos, T.; Ralet, M.C.; Bonnin, E.; Pelloux, J.; Pau-Roblot, C.
Substrate specificity of plant and fungi pectin methylesterases identification of novel inhibitors of PMEs
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
81
681-691
2015
Botrytis cinerea (A0A384J5R9), Citrus sinensis (O04886), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LVQ0), Botrytis cinerea B05.10 (A0A384J5R9)
brenda
Senechal, F.; Habrylo, O.; Hocq, L.; Domon, J.M.; Marcelo, P.; Lefebvre, V.; Pelloux, J.; Mercadante, D.
Structural and dynamical characterization of the pH-dependence of the pectin methylesterase-pectin methylesterase inhibitor complex
J. Biol. Chem.
292
21538-21547
2017
Arabidopsis thaliana (O49006), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (O49006)
brenda
Guenin, S.; Hardouin, J.; Paynel, F.; Mueller, K.; Mongelard, G.; Driouich, A.; Lerouge, P.; Kermode, A.R.; Lehner, A.; Mollet, J.C.; Pelloux, J.; Gutierrez, L.; Mareck, A.
AtPME3, a ubiquitous cell wall pectin methylesterase of Arabidopsis thaliana, alters the metabolism of cruciferin seed storage proteins during post-germinative growth of seedlings
J. Exp. Bot.
68
1083-1095
2017
Arabidopsis thaliana (O49006), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Levesque-Tremblay, G.; Mueller, K.; Mansfield, S.D.; Haughn, G.W.
Highly methyl esterified seeds is a pectin methyl esterase involved in embryo development
Plant Physiol.
167
725-737
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (O49298)
brenda
Wu, H.C.; Huang, Y.C.; Stracovsky, L.; Jinn, T.L.
Pectin methylesterase is required for guard cell function in response to heat
Plant Signal. Behav.
12
e1338227
2017
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9M3B0), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda