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(R)-lactate + propionyl-CoA
propionate + (R)-lactoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + propanoate
?
-
highest rate of reaction with 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (100% activity)
-
-
?
3-hydroxypropanoate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetyl-CoA + 2-hydroxybutanoate
acetate + 2-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 2-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 2-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxypropanoate
acetate + 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxypropionate
acetate + 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + 3-mercaptopropionate
acetate + 3-mercaptopropionyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + 4-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + acetoacetate
acetate + acetoacetyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + acrylate
acetate + acryloyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + butanoate
acetate + butanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + butyrate
acetate + butanoyl-CoA
-
low activity
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + butyrate
acetate + butyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + chloropropionate
acetate + chloropropionyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + crotonate
acetate + crotonoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + glycolate
acetate + glycolyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + hexanoate
acetate + hexanoyl-CoA
-
4% activity at 1 mM and 21% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + isobutyrate
acetate + isobutanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + isobutyrate
acetate + isobutyryl-CoA
-
isobutyrate is preferentially used as CoA acceptor (34% activity at 1n mM and 100% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate)
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + isovalerate
acetate + isovaleryl-CoA
-
2% activity at 1 mM and 6% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + lactate
acetate + lactoyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + lactate
pyruvate + acetate + CoA
-
(R)-lactate preferred over (S)-lactate
-
?
acetyl-CoA + octanoate
acetate + octanoyl-CoA
-
8% activity at 1 mM and 35% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
acetate + oxaloacetyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + propionate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + succinate
acetate + succinoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + trans-2,3-octenoate
acetate + trans-2,3-octenoyl-CoA
-
1% activity at 1 mM and 5% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + trans-2,3-pentenoate
acetate + trans-2,3-pentenoyl-CoA
-
5% activity at 1 mM and 34% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + valerate
acetate + valeryl-CoA
-
14% activity at 1 mM and 41% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate
-
-
?
acrylate + acrylyl-CoA
acetate + propionyl-CoA
-
69% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
butyrate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + butyryl-CoA
-
28% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
butyryl-CoA + propanoate
?
-
2% activity compared to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
?
crotonate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + crotonyl-CoA
-
28% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
crotonyl-CoA + propanoate
?
-
2% activity compared to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
?
isobutyryl-CoA + propanoate
?
-
6% activity compared to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
?
lactate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + lactoyl-CoA
-
36% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
propionate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + propionyl-CoA
-
propionate is the best substrate, 100% activity
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + acetate
propanoate + acetyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + propanoate
?
-
27% activity compared to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + succinate
propanoate + succinoyl-CoA
succinate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + succinyl-CoA
succinyl-CoA + propanoate
?
-
1% activity compared to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
?
valeryl-CoA + propanoate
?
-
3% activity compared to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
3-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
-
75% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
3-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
-
75% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
3-hydroxypropanoate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA
-
80% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
3-hydroxypropanoate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA
-
80% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
-
19% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
4-hydroxybutyrate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
-
19% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
-
-
-
-
?
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 2-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 2-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 2-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 2-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxybutyrate
acetate + 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxypropionate
acetate + 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-hydroxypropionate
acetate + 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-mercaptopropionate
acetate + 3-mercaptopropionyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + 3-mercaptopropionate
acetate + 3-mercaptopropionyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + acetoacetate
acetate + acetoacetyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + acetoacetate
acetate + acetoacetyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + acrylate
acetate + acryloyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + acrylate
acetate + acryloyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + acrylate
acetate + acryloyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + glycolate
acetate + glycolyl-CoA
-
no activity at 1 mM and 1% activity at 20 mM compared to propanoate
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + glycolate
acetate + glycolyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + lactate
acetate + lactoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + lactate
acetate + lactoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
best substrate
-
r
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
specific for monocarboxylic acids
-
r
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
reaction of (S)-alanine fermentation pathway
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
propionate is contained in various fermented foods, is used as an antimicrobial food additive, accumulation of propionate in the blood is caused by propionic acidemia
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
r
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
100% activity
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
100% activity
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + propanoate
acetate + propanoyl-CoA
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + succinate
propanoate + succinoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + succinate
propanoate + succinoyl-CoA
-
-
-
-
?
succinate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + succinyl-CoA
-
48% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
succinate + acetyl-CoA
acetate + succinyl-CoA
-
48% activity compared to propionate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
valerate is no substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
The wild-type Pct is not able to efficiently convert lactate to lactyl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with acetyl-CoA and formiate, acetoacetate, bromopropionate, glycine, pyruvate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, malonate, fumarate, itaconate, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyrate, levulate, glutarate or adipate as potential CoA acceptor. No activity with isovaleryl-CoA as CoA donor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with acetyl-CoA and formiate, acetoacetate, bromopropionate, glycine, pyruvate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, malonate, fumarate, itaconate, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyrate, levulate, glutarate or adipate as potential CoA acceptor. No activity with isovaleryl-CoA as CoA donor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
although propionate is a natural substrate for Pct, Pct is active toward several short-chain organic acids such as isobutyrate, glycolate, and lactate
-
-
-
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V193A
-
the Pct540 mutant contains the V193A mutation, and four silent nucleotide exchanges of T78C, T669C, A1125G, T1158C
E342Q
-
the mutant shows 10% of wild type activity
E342Q
-
the mutant shows 10% of wild type activity
-
additional information
-
construction of an engineered enzyme mutant, Pct540, for the generation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate) and lactyl-CoA endogenously, random mutagenesis, overview. Method optimization and molecular weight of synthesized polymers, overview
additional information
a platform pathway for the production of widely used industrial chemicals, 1,3-diols, is engineered in Escherichia coli strain BW25113 F'. The pathway is designed by modifying the previously reported (R)-1,3-butanediol synthetic pathway to consist of pct (propionate CoA-transferase) from Megasphaera elsdenii, bktB (thiolase), phaB (NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase) from Ralstonia eutropha, bld (butyraldehyde dehydrogenase) from Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, and the endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase(s) of Escherichia coli. The recombinant Escherichia coli strains produce 1,3-pentanediol, 4-methyl-1,3-pentanediol, and 1,2,4-butanetriol, together with 1,3-butanediol, from mixtures of glucose and propionate, isobutyrate, and glycolate, respectively, in shake flask cultures. Production of 1,3-pentanediol
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analysis
amperometric propionate sensor
biotechnology
-
establishing of an on-site monitoring of volatile fatty acids VFA, such as propionate, biosensing system using recombinant propionate CoA transferase and recombinant acyl-CoA oxidase, this system produces hydrogen peroxide in the presence of acetyl-CoA, oxygen, and VFA substrates, which can be quantified by colorimetric methods using peroxidase and dye reagents, e.g., 4-aminobenzoic acid plus 4-aminoantipyrine, overview
biotechnology
propionate-biosensor, using propionate coenzyme A transferase from Clostridium propionicum and short-chain acyl-CoA oxidase from Arabidopsis thaliana as enzyme electrodes
synthesis
-
engineered mutant Pct, coexpressed with an engineered Pseudomonas sp. MBEL 6-19 polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase 1, is able to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate) copolymers having 9-64 mol% of lactate. Polylactic acid might be a good alternative to petroleum-based plastic as it possesses several desirable properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, compostability, and low toxicity to humans
synthesis
-
in an engineered Escherichia coli strain JLX7, the engineered enzyme mutant Pct540, coexpressed with an engineered Pseudomonas sp. MBEL 6-19 polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase 1, is able to effectively produce polylactic acid, a promising biomass-derived polymer, overview
synthesis
a platform pathway for the production of widely used industrial chemicals 1,3-diols, e.g. 1,3-pentanediol, is engineered in Escherichia coli. The pathway is designed by modifying the previously reported (R)-1,3-butanediol synthetic pathway to consist of pct (propionate CoA-transferase) from Megasphaera elsdenii, bktB (thiolase), phaB (NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase) from Ralstonia eutropha, bld (butyraldehyde dehydrogenase) from Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, and the endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase(s) of Escherichia coli. The recombinant Escherichia coli strains produce 1,3-pentanediol, 4-methyl-1,3-pentanediol, and 1,2,4-butanetriol, together with 1,3-butanediol, from mixtures of glucose and propionate, isobutyrate, and glycolate, respectively, in shake flask cultures
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Schweiger, G.; Buckel, W.
On the dehydration of (R)-lactate in the fermentation of alanine to propionate by Clostridium propionicum
FEBS Lett.
171
79-84
1984
Anaerotignum propionicum
brenda
Stadtman, E.R.
Acyl-coenzyme A synthesis by phosphotransacetylase and coenzyme A-transphorase
Fed. Proc.
11
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1952
Clostridium kluyveri
-
brenda
Selmer, T.; Willanzheimer, A.; Hetzel, M.
Propionate CoA-transferase from Clostridium propionicum. Cloning of gene and identification of glutamate 324 at the active site
Eur. J. Biochem.
269
372-380
2002
Anaerotignum propionicum
brenda
Brock, M.; Buckel, W.
On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate
Eur. J. Biochem.
271
3227-3241
2004
Aspergillus nidulans
brenda
Rajashekhara, E.; Hosoda, A.; Sode, K.; Ikenaga, H.; Watanabe, K.
Volatile fatty acid-sensing system involving coenzyme-A transferase
Biotechnol. Prog.
22
334-337
2006
Anaerotignum propionicum
brenda
Sode, K.; Tsugawa, W.; Aoyagi, M.; Rajashekhara, E.; Watanabe, K.
Propionate sensor using coenzyme-A transferase and acyl-CoA oxidase
Protein Pept. Lett.
15
779-781
2008
Anaerotignum propionicum, Anaerotignum propionicum (Q9L3F7)
brenda
Yang, T.H.; Kim, T.W.; Kang, H.O.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, E.J.; Lim, S.C.; Oh, S.O.; Song, A.J.; Park, S.J.; Lee, S.Y.
Biosynthesis of polylactic acid and its copolymers using evolved propionate CoA transferase and PHA synthase
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
105
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2010
Anaerotignum propionicum
brenda
Jung, Y.K.; Kim, T.Y.; Park, S.J.; Lee, S.Y.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of polylactic acid and its copolymers
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
105
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2010
Anaerotignum propionicum
brenda
Han, X.; Satoh, Y.; Satoh, T.; Matsumoto, K.; Kakuchi, T.; Taguchi, S.; Dairi, T.; Munekata, M.; Tajima, K.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) incorporating 2-hydroxybutyrate by wild-type class I PHA synthase from Ralstonia eutropha
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92
509-517
2011
Anaerotignum propionicum, Anaerotignum propionicum JCM 1430
brenda
Lindenkamp, N.; Schuermann, M.; Steinbuechel, A.
A propionate CoA-transferase of Ralstonia eutropha H16 with broad substrate specificity catalyzing the CoA thioester formation of various carboxylic acids
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
97
7699-7709
2012
Cupriavidus necator, Cupriavidus necator H16 / ATCC 23440 / NCIB 10442 / S-10-1
brenda
Yang, Y.H.; Brigham, C.J.; Song, E.; Jeon, J.M.; Rha, C.K.; Sinskey, A.J.
Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) containing a predominant amount of 3-hydroxyvalerate by engineered Escherichia coli expressing propionate-CoA transferase
J. Appl. Microbiol.
113
815-823
2012
Cupriavidus necator
brenda
Li, Y.F.; Wei, S.; Yu, Z.
Feedstocks affect the diversity and distribution of propionate coa-transferase genes (pct) in anaerobic digesters
Microb. Ecol.
66
351-362
2013
uncultured bacterium
brenda
Park, S.J.; Kang, K.H.; Lee, H.; Park, A.R.; Yang, J.E.; Oh, Y.H.; Song, B.K.; Jegal, J.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, S.Y.
Propionyl-CoA dependent biosynthesis of 2-hydroxybutyrate containing polyhydroxyalkanoates in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
J. Biotechnol.
165
93-98
2013
Anaerotignum propionicum
brenda
Volodina, E.; Schuermann, M.; Lindenkamp, N.; Steinbuechel, A.
Characterization of propionate CoA-transferase from Ralstonia eutropha H16
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
98
3579-3589
2014
Cupriavidus necator, Cupriavidus necator H16 / ATCC 23440 / NCIB 10442 / S-10-1
brenda
Wang, Z.; Ammar, E.M.; Zhang, A.; Wang, L.; Lin, M.; Yang, S.T.
Engineering Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii for enhanced propionic acid fermentation: effects of overexpressing propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase
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27
46-56
2015
Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Propionibacterium freudenreichii DSM 4902
brenda
Luo, H.; Zhou, D.; Liu, X.; Nie, Z.; Quiroga-Sanchez, D.L.; Chang, Y.
Production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid via the propionyl-CoA pathway using recombinant Escherichia coli strains
PLoS ONE
11
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2016
Megasphaera elsdenii
brenda
Kataoka, N.; Vangnai, A.S.; Pongtharangkul, T.; Yakushi, T.; Matsushita, K.
Production of 1,3-diols in Escherichia coli
Biores. Technol.
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1538-1541
2017
Megasphaera elsdenii (A0A140JTF0)
brenda