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Information on EC 2.4.1.115 - anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase
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EC Tree
2.4.1.115 anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
The anthocyanidin compounds cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin and to a lesser extent pelargonidin can act as substrates. The enzyme does not catalyse glucosylation of the 5-position of cyanidin and does not act on flavanols such as quercetin and kaempferol (cf. EC 2.4.1.91 flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase). In conjunction with EC 1.14.20.4, anthocyanidin oxygenase, it is involved in the conversion of leucoanthocyanidin into anthocyanidin 3-glucoside. It may act on the pseudobase precursor of the anthocyanidin rather than on the anthocyanidin itself .
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Word Map
- 2.4.1.115
- anthocyanidins
- flavonols
- dihydroflavonol
-
4-reductase
- flavanone
-
3-hydroxylase
- 3-o-glucoside
- hybrida
- delphinidin
-
5-o-glucosyltransferase
-
3-o-glucosylation
- peonidin
-
myrica
-
antirrhinum
-
ammonialyase
-
leucoanthocyanidins
- bayberry
- synthesis
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
anthocyanidin 3-o-glucosyltransferase, udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase, udp-glucose flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase, uf3gt, fagt1, ct3gt-a, udp-glucose anthocyanidin 3-o-glucosyltransferase, ugt78k6, ih3gt, ugt78k1, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
anthocyanidin 3GT
-
identity of UDP glucose-anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and UDP glucose-flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase
EC 2.4.1.233
-
EC 2.4.1.233 has been found to be identical to EC 2.4.1.115
glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoglucose-anthocyanidin 3-O-
-
-
-
-
UDP glucose-anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase
-
identity of UDP glucose-anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and UDP glucose-flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase
UDP-glucose: anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase
UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase
UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase
UDP-glucose:anthocyanidin/flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-glucose:cyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase
UDP-glucose:cyanidin-3-O-glucosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase
UF3GT
UFGT
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-D-glucose + an anthocyanidin = UDP + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-D-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase
The anthocyanidin compounds cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin and to a lesser extent pelargonidin can act as substrates. The enzyme does not catalyse glucosylation of the 5-position of cyanidin and does not act on flavanols such as quercetin and kaempferol (cf. EC 2.4.1.91 flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase). In conjunction with EC 1.14.20.4, anthocyanidin oxygenase, it is involved in the conversion of leucoanthocyanidin into anthocyanidin 3-glucoside. It may act on the pseudobase precursor of the anthocyanidin rather than on the anthocyanidin itself [3].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
65607-32-1
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
anthocyanidin + UDP-D-glucose
anthocyanidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP
-
-
-
-
?
anthocyanidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP-D-glucose
anthocyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside + UDP
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 3,7-dihydroxyflavone
UDP + 3-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-7-hydroxyflavone
-
about 10% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + isorhamnetin
UDP + isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
about 25% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kaempferol
UDP + kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
67% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + anthocyanidin
UDP + anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
17% of the activity with delphinidin
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + malvidin
UDP + malvidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
87% of the activity with delphinidin
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
29% of the activity with delphinidin
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + peonidin
UDP + peonidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
77% of the activity with delphinidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin
UDP + (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
worst substrate
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + anthocyanidin
UDP + anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + fisetin
UDP + fisetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
16% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + peonidin
UDP + peonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
52% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDPalpha-D-glucose + galangin
UDP + galangin 3-O-bbeta-D-glucoside
-
about 15% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDPglucose + anthocyanidin
UDP + anthocyanidin-3-O-glucoside
-
involved in anthocyanine biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDPglucose + fisetin
UDP + fisetin 3-O-glucoside
-
about 10% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDPglucose + kaempferol
UDP + kaempferol 3-O-glucoside
-
about 5% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDPglucose + myricetin
UDP + 3-O-glucoside myricetin
-
about 15% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDPglucose + peonidin
UDP + peonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
about 85% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDPglucose + petunidin
UDP + petunidin 3-O-glucoside
-
about 35% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDPglucose + quercetin
UDP + quercetin 3-O-glucoside
-
about 15% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
first step of a anthocyanin branch
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
37% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
72% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + quercetin
UDP + quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
79% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + quercetin
UDP + quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
no glucosylation with UDP-galactose, UDP-xylose, UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-mannose, ADP-glucose, CDP-glucose, GDP-glucose or TDP-glucose
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
best substrate
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + petunidin
UDP + petunidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + petunidin
UDP + petunidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
72% of the activity with delphinidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
first step of a anthocyanin branch
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
95% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin 3-O-glucoside
-
about 70% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin 3-O-glucoside
-
more slowly than cyanidin
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
when acceptor substrates are supplied below the inhibitory concentration of cyaniding, the enzyme demonstrates highest activity towards the anthocyanidin delphinidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + isorhamnetin
UDP + isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
56% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + isorhamnetin
UDP + isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + isorhamnetin
UDP + isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + kaempferol
UDP + kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
when acceptor substrates are supplied above the inhibitory concentration of cyanidin, the enzyme demonstrates highest activity for flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol)
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + kaempferol
UDP + kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
worst substrate
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + malvidin
UDP + malvidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
10% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + malvidin
UDP + malvidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
10% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + malvidin
UDP + malvidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
best substrate
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + myricetin
UDP + myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
104% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + myricetin
UDP + myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
when acceptor substrates are supplied above the inhibitory concentration of cyanidin , the enzyme demonstrates highest activity for flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol)
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside
-
about 90% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + pelargonidin
UDP + pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside
-
more slowly than cyanidin
-
?
UDP-glucose + peonidin
UDP + peonidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
42% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + quercetin
UDP + quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
when acceptor substrates are supplied above the inhibitory concentration of cyanidin , the enzyme demonstrates highest activity for flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol)
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + quercetin
UDP + quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
while the recombinant enzyme preferentially glucosylates the 3 position of quercetin it is also able to glucosylate position 7 to a small extent in the early stages of the time course
-
-
?
UDPglucose + malvidin
UDP + malvidin 3-O-glucoside
-
about 20% of the activity with cyanidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no glycosylation of cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-sophoroside, cyanidin 3,4-diglucoside, apigenin, luteolin, naringenin and dihydroquercetin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the anthocyanidin- and flavonol-acceptor binding details are almost identical in the enzyme complex structures with anthocyanidin delphinidin and petunidin, and flavonol kaempferol, although the glucosylation activities against each acceptor are significantly different. The 3-hydroxyl groups of the acceptor substrates were located at hydrogen-bonding distances to the Nepsilon2 atom of the His17 catalytic residue, supporting a role for glucosyl transfer to the 3-hydroxyl groups of anthocyanidins and flavonols, substrate recognition, overview. The enzyme shows only low activity with flavonols, i.e. isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin, cf. EC 2.4.1.91
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the anthocyanidin- and flavonol-acceptor binding details are almost identical in the enzyme complex structures with anthocyanidin delphinidin and petunidin, and flavonol kaempferol, although the glucosylation activities against each acceptor are significantly different. The 3-hydroxyl groups of the acceptor substrates were located at hydrogen-bonding distances to the Nepsilon2 atom of the His17 catalytic residue, supporting a role for glucosyl transfer to the 3-hydroxyl groups of anthocyanidins and flavonols, substrate recognition, overview. The enzyme shows only low activity with flavonols, i.e. isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin, cf. EC 2.4.1.91
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with: 3-hydroxyflavone, morin, catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, taxifolin, 5-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, chrysin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and anthocyanins. FaGT1 acts exclusively on anthocyanidins and flavonols in vitro. No product is formed when UDP-Gal and UDP-GlcUA are used as sugar donors with pelargonidin or quercetin as acceptor molecules
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity is observed for dihydroflavonol (dihydroquercetin), isoflavone (genistin, genistein and daidzein), (epi)-flavan-3-O-beta-Dl (catechin, epicatechin), 3-deoxyanthocyanidin (apigeninidin), flavonol conjugate (flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosides) and anthocyanins (anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucosides and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside). Galactose can be transferred from UDP-galactose to the 3-position of cyanidin and delphinidin with low specificity relative to the analogous glucosyltransferase reactions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity is observed for dihydroflavonol (dihydroquercetin), isoflavone (genistin, genistein and daidzein), (epi)-flavan-3-O-beta-Dl (catechin, epicatechin), 3-deoxyanthocyanidin (apigeninidin), flavonol conjugate (flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosides) and anthocyanins (anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucosides and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside). Galactose can be transferred from UDP-galactose to the 3-position of cyanidin and delphinidin with low specificity relative to the analogous glucosyltransferase reactions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
identity of UDP glucose-anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and UDP glucose-flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase. The enzyme from wild-type or mutant plants glucosylates flavonols at higher rates than anthocyanidins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is not able to further glucosylate cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and it could not use UDP-galactose as a donor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is not able to further glucosylate cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and it could not use UDP-galactose as a donor substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the principal, if not only, role of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase is to glucosylate anthocyanidins in red fruit ripening
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the principal, if not only, role of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase is to glucosylate anthocyanidins in red fruit ripening
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is responsible for a late step in anthocyanin biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is responsible for a late step in anthocyanin biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no aglycosylation of apigenin, luteolin, naringenin and dihydroquercetin
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin
UDP + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
first step of a anthocyanin branch
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + anthocyanidin
UDP + anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + petunidin
UDP + petunidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
first step of a anthocyanin branch
-
-
?
UDPglucose + anthocyanidin
UDP + anthocyanidin-3-O-glucoside
-
involved in anthocyanine biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-D-glucose + delphinidin
UDP + delphinidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the principal, if not only, role of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase is to glucosylate anthocyanidins in red fruit ripening
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the principal, if not only, role of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase is to glucosylate anthocyanidins in red fruit ripening
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
most of the activity is lost after ultrafiltration or (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, but it is restored or even enhanced by the addition of the ultrafiltrate or ascorbic acid to the assay. Other reducing agents are not able to replace ascorbic acid
-
PCMB
-
1.25 mM, 93% inhhibition, 2-mercaptoethanol or cysteine restores activity
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
MrMYB1 transcription factor
strong correlation with anthocyanin content in ripe fruit, which is positively correlated with expression of the enzyme
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE