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Information on EC 1.10.3.3 - L-ascorbate oxidase
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1.10.3.3 L-ascorbate oxidaseIUBMB Comments
A multicopper protein.
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Word Map
- 1.10.3.3
- copper
-
dehydroascorbic
-
electrode
- laccase
- oxidases
- ceruloplasmin
- zucchini
- cucurbita
- cucumber
-
amperometric
-
trinuclear
- apoplastic
- monodehydroascorbate
- squash
-
multi-copper
-
ascorbate-dependent
-
copper-containing
- plastocyanin
- pumpkin
- azurins
-
ascorbyl
-
ascorbate-glutathione
- myrothecium
- vernicifera
- ferroxidase
- agriculture
- medicine
- analysis
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
ascorbate oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, l-ascorbate oxidase, aa-ox, af_ao1, aa oxidase, ascorbic oxidase, asc oxidase, l-ascorbic acid oxidase, l-ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AA oxidase
-
-
-
-
AA-ox
AAO
AAO1
AAO2
AAO3
Aao4
Af_AO1
ascorbase
-
-
-
-
ascorbate dehydrogenase
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-
-
-
ascorbate oxidase
ascorbic acid oxidase
ascorbic oxidase
-
-
-
-
ASOM
L-ascorbate:O2 oxidoreductase
-
-
-
-
L-ascorbic acid oxidase
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-
-
-
oxidase, ascorbate
-
-
-
-
AAO
-
-
-
-
ascorbate oxidase
-
-
-
-
ascorbic acid oxidase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
rate determining step in the catalytic mechanism may involve protonation of an intermediate
Cucurbita pepo medullosa
-
4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
intramolecular electron transfer from type I copper to type III copper is probably the rate-limiting step in enzyme catalysis
Cucurbita pepo medullosa
-
4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
multiple displacement mechanism, enzyme exhibits enzymic memory
Cucurbita pepo condensa
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4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
mechanism: Cu2+ is reduced to Cu+, which is then reoxidized by oxygen
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
binding mode of phenolic inhibitors and substrate to active site, binding site in a pocket near type I copper center
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4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
mechanism and rate constants
Cucurbita pepo medullosa
-
4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
the transition from native dimer to the dimeric intermediate is characterized by the release of copper ions forming the tri-nuclear copper center located at the interface between domain 2 and 3 of each subunit
4 L-ascorbate + O2 = 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
L-ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase
A multicopper protein.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9029-44-1
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
5,6-isopropylidene-L-ascorbate + O2
5,6-isopropylidene-L-dehydroascorbate
Cucurbita pepo medullosa
-
-
-
?
chlorohydroquinone + O2
chloroquinone + H2O
Cucurbita sp.
-
6% of activity with L-ascorbic acid
-
?
hydroxyhydroquinone + O2
hydroxyquinone + H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
oxidation rate approx. 1/12 that of ascorbic acid, pH 5.7
-
?
L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate + O2
L-dehydroascorbyl-6-palmitate
-
36% of activity with L-ascorbate
-
?
L-ascorbyl-6-stearate + O2
L-dehydroascorbyl-6-stearate
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29% of activity with L-ascorbate
-
?
leuco 2,6-dichloroindophenol + O2
oxidized leuco 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
oxidation to the blue quinoid dye at pH 5.7
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
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highly specific for ascorbic acid and a few of its analogs and O2
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
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low reaction rate with bilirubin
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
double displacement mechanism, so called enzymatic memory
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
substrate specificity: overview
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
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no appreciable activity with: p-phenylenediamine, Na2S2O3, glutathione and cysteine
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
anionic form of the substrate is an important requirement of the enzyme specificity
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
no oxidation of hydroquinone
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita sp.
-
enzyme may play a key role in the regulation of cell expansion
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita sp.
-
possibly a kind of pathogenesis-related protein
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?
2 L-ascorbate + O2 + 4 H+
2 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
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formation of free radicals during the oxidation reaction by ascorbate oxidase
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-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2 + 4 H+
2 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
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formation of free radicals during the oxidation reaction by ascorbate oxidase, determination of steady-state free radical concentration, overview
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-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
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-
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
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role of AO is regulation of cell division through controlled apoplastic Asc levels
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
the gene expression is transcriptionally regulated during fruit development and in response to hormonal cues associated with the control of cell growth and the stress response
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
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-
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
metabolic regulation, overview
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
the enzyme activity is up- or down-regulated in response to oxygen availability
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
aerobic oxidation of ascorbate to the unstable ascorbate free radical
the radical plays a role as an electron acceptor in plant growth including plasma membrane electron transport, cell elongation and cell wall metabolism, overview
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
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the enzyme activity is up- or down-regulated in response to oxygen availability
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
the enzyme activity is up- or down-regulated in response to oxygen availability
-
-
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
?
-
-
-
-
?
2,5-dichlorohydroquinone + O2
2,5-dichloroquinone + H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
oxidation rate approx. 1/12 that of ascorbic acid, pH 5.7
-
?
2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2
2,6-dichloroquinone + H2O
Cucurbita pepo condensa
-
oxidation rate approx. 1/12 that of ascorbic acid, pH 5.7
-
?
2,6-dichloroindophenol + O2
oxidized 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
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2,6-dichloroindophenol is an effective electron-transfer mediator for the enzyme, while ferrocyanide and cytochrome c are poor mediators
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-
?
2,6-dichloroindophenol + O2
oxidized 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
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2,6-dichloroindophenol is an effective electron-transfer mediator for the enzyme, while ferrocyanide and cytochrome c are poor mediators
-
-
?
2,6-dichloroindophenol + O2
oxidized 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
-
-
-
?
4 L-ascorbate + O2
4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
4 L-ascorbate + O2
4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita sp.
-
the enzyme is involved in catalyzing the oxidation of apoplastic ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid
-
-
?
4 L-ascorbate + O2
4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
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-
-
?
5-methyl-5-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
5-methyl-5-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
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-
-
-
?
5-methyl-5-O-(alpha-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
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-
-
-
?
5-methyl-5-O-(alpha-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
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-
-
-
?
5-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
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-
-
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?
5-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
5-O-(alpha-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
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-
-
-
?
5-O-(alpha-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-erythroascorbic acid + O2
? + H2O2
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-
-
-
?
additional information
?
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the active site binding pocket of ascorbate oxidase is specific for ascorbate10 and the electron transfer of ascorbate oxidase is strongly dependent on the nature of the electron donor, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
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the oxidative activity of ascorbate oxidase is dominated by the highly selective substrate-binding affinity based on electrostatic interaction beyond the one-electron redox potential difference between type 1 copper site of ascorbate oxidase and substrate
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?
additional information
?
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the active site binding pocket of ascorbate oxidase is specific for ascorbate10 and the electron transfer of ascorbate oxidase is strongly dependent on the nature of the electron donor, overview
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?
additional information
?
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the oxidative activity of ascorbate oxidase is dominated by the highly selective substrate-binding affinity based on electrostatic interaction beyond the one-electron redox potential difference between type 1 copper site of ascorbate oxidase and substrate
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?
additional information
?
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ascorbic acid interferes with the realtime measurement of neuronal NO, an important gaseous neurotransmitter, by use of diaminofluoresceins, which act as receptors for NO, ascorbic acid reduces N2O3, the reaction intermediate of NO oxidation, while dehydroascorbic acid competes with NO for the receptors, while ascorbic acid inhibits the binding between NO and diaminofluoresceins, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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-
syringaldezine and guaiacol are not oxidized
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-
-
additional information
?
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syringaldezine and guaiacol are not oxidized
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-
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additional information
?
-
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the enzyme might perform two types of free radical decay reaction, dismutation and oxidation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
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cell wall-localized enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of ascorbate to the unstable radical monodehydroascorbate, which rapidly disproportionates to yield dehydroascorbate and ascorbate, and thus contributes to the regulation of the ascorbic acid redox state regulating the cell redox status
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 L-ascorbate + O2 + 4 H+
2 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
-
formation of free radicals during the oxidation reaction by ascorbate oxidase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
cell wall-localized enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of ascorbate to the unstable radical monodehydroascorbate, which rapidly disproportionates to yield dehydroascorbate and ascorbate, and thus contributes to the regulation of the ascorbic acid redox state regulating the cell redox status
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita sp.
-
enzyme may play a key role in the regulation of cell expansion
-
?
2 L-ascorbate + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita sp.
-
possibly a kind of pathogenesis-related protein
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
role of AO is regulation of cell division through controlled apoplastic Asc levels
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
the gene expression is transcriptionally regulated during fruit development and in response to hormonal cues associated with the control of cell growth and the stress response
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
metabolic regulation, overview
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
the enzyme activity is up- or down-regulated in response to oxygen availability
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
the enzyme activity is up- or down-regulated in response to oxygen availability
-
-
?
2 L-ascorbic acid + O2
2 L-dehydroascorbic acid + 2 H2O
-
the enzyme activity is up- or down-regulated in response to oxygen availability
-
-
?
4 L-ascorbate + O2
4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
Cucurbita sp.
-
the enzyme is involved in catalyzing the oxidation of apoplastic ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid
-
-
?
4 L-ascorbate + O2
4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O
-
-
-
?
L