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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
ATP + cinnamate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + cinnamoyl-CoA
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ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + ferulyl-CoA
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ATP + trans-cinnamate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + trans-cinnamoyl-CoA
additional information
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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4-coumarate-CoA ligase is the last enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid metabolism, supplying substrates for lignin formation and other individual phenylpropanoid pathways
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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enzyme of B-ring-deoxy flavonoid biosymthesis
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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enzyme is involved in the resistance response of soybean against pathogen attack. The different substrate affinities for substituted cinnamic acids and the differential regulation of the 3 isoenzymes, may play a pivotal role in distributing substituted cinnamate intermediates at a branch point of general phenylpropanoid metabolism into subsequent specific pathways
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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enzyme has an important role in the determination of the composition and the amount of lignin in tobacco plants
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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key enzyme of general phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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the isoenzymes can play an important role in the control of the monomeric composition of lignins
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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physiological role in lignin biosynthesis
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
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key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism, 4CL2 involved in coenzyme A ester formation and cocatalytic AMP-donor in (di)adenosine polyphosphate synthesis
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
plant phenylpropanoid metabolism, class II enzymes part of flavonoid pathway, class I enzymes probably involved in lignin formation and phenolic compound other than flavonoids
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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the enzyme is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
preferred substrate
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4-coumarate is the most favorable substrate
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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the enzyme is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
the enzyme is involved in the reduction of the carbon-carbon double bond of phenylacrylates such as caffeate. The overall reaction is coupled to ATP synthesis by a chemiosmotic mechanism with Na+ as the coupling ion
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ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
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ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
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ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
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ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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ATP + trans-cinnamate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + trans-cinnamoyl-CoA
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ATP + trans-cinnamate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + trans-cinnamoyl-CoA
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additional information
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biosynthesis of lignin monomers occurs via the phenylpropanoid pathway, in which the enzyme 4-coumarate-CoA ligase plays a key role by catalyzing the formation of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA esters, subsequently reduced to the corresponding monolignols hydroxycinnamoyl alcohols, overview, cis-regulatory elements involved in the developmental and wound-induced regulation of the 4CL gene family members, stress-regulated expression, overview
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additional information
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the 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, 4CL, gene family members are involved in channeling carbon flow into branch pathways of phenylpropanoid metabolism, identification of regulatory genes, overview
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additional information
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a 7fold increase in 4CL activity is observed in elicited cultures after 24 h of chitosan treatment (200 mg/l) as compared to control
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4-coumaric acid into coumaroyl-CoA and a few related substrates into their corresponding products such as cinnamoyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA, and feruloyl-CoA in a process utilizing ATP, and thus channels the common, phenylalanine-derived building block into the widely distinct branches of general phenylpropanoid metabolism
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additional information
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4CL has a key role in the biosynthesis of monolignols in softwood species
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additional information
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4CL has a key role in the biosynthesis of monolignols in softwood species
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additional information
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isozyme Pl4CL2 has a broader substrate specificity than Pl4CL1
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additional information
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isozyme Pl4CL2 has a broader substrate specificity than Pl4CL1
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additional information
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isozyme Pl4CL2 has a broader substrate specificity than Pl4CL1
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additional information
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three key enzymes: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase, catalyzing the biosynthesis of these compounds during berry development, contents of gallic, protocatechuic, gentisic and caffeic acid all change drastically during berry development, while other compounds containing 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, chlorogenic, 4-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acid vary only slightly
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