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Information on EC 4.1.1.6 - cis-aconitate decarboxylase and Organism(s) Aspergillus terreus and UniProt Accession B3IUN8
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4.1.1.6 cis-aconitate decarboxylaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme has been characterized from the fungus Aspergillus terreus and from human macrophages. cf. EC 4.1.1.113, trans-aconitate decarboxylase.
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Word Map
- 4.1.1.6
-
itaconic
- terreus
- aspergillus
- niger
- aconitase
-
citric
- 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase
-
chassis
-
luria-bertani
- industry
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Aspergillus terreus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
cis-aconitate decarboxylase, cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase, aconitate decarboxylase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Aconitate decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
CAD
cis-aconitate decarboxylase
cis-Aconitic acid decarboxylase
Decarboxylase, aconitate
-
-
-
-
cis-aconitate decarboxylase
-
-
cis-Aconitic acid decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
decarboxylation
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase (itaconate-forming)
The enzyme has been characterized from the fungus Aspergillus terreus and from human macrophages. cf. EC 4.1.1.113, trans-aconitate decarboxylase.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9025-01-8
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cis-aconitate
?
-
enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of itaconate
-
-
?
cis-aconitate
itaconate + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cis-aconitate
?
-
enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of itaconate
-
-
?
cis-aconitate
itaconate + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Fluorocitrate
-
inhibits citrate decarboxylation, no inhibition of decarboxylation of cis-aconitate
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Tween 80
-
Tween 80 at a concentration of 0.1% resulted in a slight (7%) increase in conversion activity
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.2
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 8
-
about 20% activity at pH 5.0, 100% activity at pH 5.5, about 65% activity at pH 6.0, about 50% activity at pH 6.5, about 35% activity at pH 7.0, about 25% activity at pH 7.5, about 20% activity at pH 8.0
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25 - 40
-
more than 60% activity at 25 and 40°C, about 90% activity at 30°C
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
production of itaconic acid is achieved by the fermentation with Aspergillus terreus on sugar-containing media
-
under conditions of itaconate production. Absent from growing mycelia
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
-
in the first steps of the citric acid cycle, citrate and cis-aconitate are formed, the enzymes preceding in the pathway, namely citrate synthase and aconitase, are found in the mitochondria. In the last step, the only itaconic acid pathway dedicated step, cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) forms itaconic acid releasing carbon dioxide in the cytosol
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). CAD_ASPTE
490
0
52754
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
mutant strain which produces higher concentrations of itaconic acid is provoked by N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment
additional information
-
mutant strain which produces higher concentrations of itaconic acid is provoked by N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment
additional information
-
a truncated version of the Aspergillus niger pfkA gene exhibits a higher citric acid yield due to a reduced inhibition by citrate and ATP, the truncated pfkA version has also a positive impact on the itaconic acid accumulation when expressed in Aspergillus terreus
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
no loss of activity after dialysis for 2 h at 0°C against 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7. Inactivation after 15 h
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and in Aspergillus niger strain AB 1.13
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gene cadA, heterologous expression in Aspergillus niger strain N201, expression of two previously identified Aspergillus terreus genes encoding putative organic acid transporters, genes mttA and mfsA, increases itaconic acid production in an Aspergillus niger cis-aconitate decarboxylase expressing strain, production method optimization, overview
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gene cadA, heterologous functional expression in citric acid producing Aspergillus niger under various constitutive promoters of different expression strength, heterologous expression of the gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
gene cadA, the cadA gene of is located in a gene cluster together with two transporters, one a putative mitochondrial carrier, the other a putative plasma membrane carrier, cloning in Escherichia coli strain TOP10, heterologous mitochondrial and cytosolic expression of the enzyme in Aspergillus niger strain ATCC 1015, the mitochondrial expression doubles the enzyme productivity compared to the cytosolic expression. Co-expression of a cytosolic or a mitochondrial aconitase with cytosolic CadA leads to a significant increase of itaconic acid production compared to cytsolic CadA expression alone. The rate-limiting step for itaconic acid production under these conditions appears to be both the provision of cis-aconitate as a substrate for the CadA as well as the CAD activity itself
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
industry
economic production of itaconic acid which is a supplement in many products
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Bentley, R.; Thiessen, C.P.
Biosynthesis of itaconic acid in Aspergillus terreus
J. Biol. Chem.
226
703-720
1957
Aspergillus terreus
Bonnarme, P.; Gillet, B.; Sepulchre, A.M.; Role, C.; Beloeil, J.C.; Ducrocq, C.
Itaconate biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus
J. Bacteriol.
177
3573-3578
1995
Aspergillus terreus
Jaklitsch, W.M.; Kubicek, C.P.; Scrutton, M.C.
The subcellular organization of itaconate biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus
J. Gen. Microbiol.
137
533-539
1991
Aspergillus terreus
-
Kanamasa, S.; Dwiarti, L.; Okabe, M.; Park, E.Y.
Cloning and functional characterization of the cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (CAD) gene from Aspergillus terreus
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
80
223-229
2008
Aspergillus terreus (B3IUN8), Aspergillus terreus
Okabe, M.; Lies, D.; Kanamasa, S.; Park, E.Y.
Biotechnological production of itaconic acid and its biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
84
597-606
2009
Aspergillus terreus (B3IUN8), Aspergillus terreus
Li, M.; Zhang, H.; Hong, L.; Jin, Y.; Gong, T.; Sun, L.; Yang, J.; Zheng, X.
Preparation and characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody specific to human CAD protein
Hybridoma
28
129-132
2009
Aspergillus terreus, Homo sapiens
Tevz, G.; Bencina, M.; Legisa, M.
Enhancing itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
87
1657-1664
2010
Aspergillus terreus
Li, A.; van Luijk, N.; ter Beek, M.; Caspers, M.; Punt, P.; van der Werf, M.
A clone-based transcriptomics approach for the identification of genes relevant for itaconic acid production in Aspergillus
Fungal Genet. Biol.
48
602-611
2011
Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus terreus NRRL1960
Li, A.; Pfelzer, N.; Zuijderwijk, R.; Brickwedde, A.; van Zeijl, C.; Punt, P.
Reduced by-product formation and modified oxygen availability improve itaconic acid production in Aspergillus niger
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
97
3901-3911
2013
Aspergillus terreus
Steiger, M.G.; Blumhoff, M.L.; Mattanovich, D.; Sauer, M.
Biochemistry of microbial itaconic acid production
Front. Microbiol.
4
23
2013
Aspergillus itaconicus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus terreus NRRL1960
Blumhoff, M.L.; Steiger, M.G.; Mattanovich, D.; Sauer, M.
Targeting enzymes to the right compartment: metabolic engineering for itaconic acid production by Aspergillus niger
Metab. Eng.
19
26-32
2013
Aspergillus terreus
Vuoristo, K.S.; Mars, A.E.; Sangra, J.V.; Springer, J.; Eggink, G.; Sanders, J.P.; Weusthuis, R.A.
Metabolic engineering of itaconate production in Escherichia coli
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
99
221-228
2015
Aspergillus terreus
Yamamoto, K.; Nagata, K.; Ohara, H.; Aso, Y.
Challenges in the production of itaconic acid by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Bioengineered
6
303-306
2015
Aspergillus terreus
Noh, M.H.; Lim, H.G.; Woo, S.H.; Song, J.; Jung, G.Y.
Production of itaconic acid from acetate by engineering acid-tolerant Escherichia coli W
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
115
729-738
2018
Aspergillus terreus
Bafana, R.; Sivanesan, S.; Pandey, R.A.
Itaconic acid production by filamentous fungi in starch-rich industrial residues
Indian J. Microbiol.
57
322-328
2017
Aspergillus terreus (A0A223A3W7), Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus terreus C1 (A0A223A3W7), Aspergillus terreus C2 (A0A223A3W7)
Otten, A.; Brocker, M.; Bott, M.
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of itaconate
Metab. Eng.
30
156-165
2015
Aspergillus terreus
Huang, X.; Lu, X.; Li, Y.; Li, X.; Li, J.J.
Improving itaconic acid production through genetic engineering of an industrial Aspergillus terreus strain
Microb. Cell Fact.
13
119
2014
Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus terreus LYT10
Kim, J.; Seo, H.M.; Bhatia, S.K.; Song, H.S.; Kim, J.H.; Jeon, J.M.; Choi, K.Y.; Kim, W.; Yoon, J.J.; Kim, Y.G.; Yang, Y.H.
Production of itaconate by whole-cell bioconversion of citrate mediated by expression of multiple cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cadA) genes in Escherichia coli
Sci. Rep.
7
39768
2017
Aspergillus terreus
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