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Information on EC 4.1.1.29 - sulfinoalanine decarboxylase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC4.1.1.29
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EC Tree 4 Lyases
4.1 Carbon-carbon lyases
4.1.1 Carboxy-lyases
4.1.1.29 sulfinoalanine decarboxylase
IUBMB Comments
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. Also acts on L-cysteate. The 1992 edition of the Enzyme List erroneously gave the name sulfoalanine decarboxylase to this enzyme.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
- 4.1.1.29
- dioxygenase
-
taut
- cystathionase
-
transsulfuration
-
taurine-deficient
-
taurine-free
- nutrition
- medicine
showSynonyms
cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase, cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase, cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase, cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase, cgcsad1, undec1a, cgcsad2, csadcase, csadi, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
CAD
-
-
-
-
CADCase
-
-
-
-
CSAD
CSAD/CAD
-
-
-
-
CSADCase
-
-
-
-
CSD
Cysteic acid decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
Cysteic decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
Cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase
Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase
Cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase
Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
Cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase
Decarboxylase, cysteinesulfinate
-
-
-
-
L-Cysteine sulfinate carboxy-lyase
-
-
-
-
L-Cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
Sulfinoalanine decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
CSAD
-
-
-
-
CSD
-
-
-
-
Cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
Cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
Cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2
stereochemistry, replacement of carboxyl by solvent hydrogen proceeds with retention of configuration
-
3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
decarboxylation
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
MetaCyc
taurine biosynthesis I
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
3-sulfino-L-alanine carboxy-lyase (hypotaurine-forming)
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. Also acts on L-cysteate. The 1992 edition of the Enzyme List erroneously gave the name sulfoalanine decarboxylase to this enzyme.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
62213-10-9
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteic acid
2-Aminoethane sulfonate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: main enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway from Cys via cysteine sulfinate and hypotaurine to taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: repressed by the action of the steroid family hormones triiodothyronine and estrogen
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: activity may be specifically regulated by sulfur amino acids metabolized by the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent pathway of methionine metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: overexpression of the enzyme stimulated by hepatocarcinogenesis results in autoantibody production
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme initiates a pathway leading to taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: thyroid hormone status modulates the activity of the enzyme
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfonate
?
-
Substrates: at 8.0% of the activity with L-cysteine sulfinate
Products: -
Products: -
?
Glu
4-Aminobutanoate + CO2
-
Substrates: L-Glu is not decarboxylated
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: besides its activity to aspartate, the mosquito enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of cysteine sulfinic acid and cysteic acid as efficiently as those of mammalian CSADC under the same testing conditions
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
4236, 4237, 4238, 4239, 4241, 4242, 4245, 4246, 4248, 4249, 4250, 4251, 4252, 4253, 4254, 4255, 681554, 681556, 701655
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. hypotaurine
Products: i.e. hypotaurine
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: no activity with D-cysteine sulfinate
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Q8K566
Substrates: rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of taurine which is essential for biological processes such as development of the brain and eye, reproduction, osmoregulation as well as the anti-inflammatory activity of leukocytes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of taurine which is essential for biological processes such as development of the brain and eye, reproduction, osmoregulation as well as the anti-inflammatory activity of leukocytes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: substrate specificity, overview. Substrate analogues L-cysteine, L-proline, L-alanine, L-glutamate, and L-asparagxadinate (at 5 mM) are also used as substrates by enzyme mutant Undec1A-1180, highest activity with L-cysteine, low activity with L-proline, no activity with L-alanine
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
3-sulfino-L-alanine
hypotaurine + CO2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: main enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway from Cys via cysteine sulfinate and hypotaurine to taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: repressed by the action of the steroid family hormones triiodothyronine and estrogen
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: activity may be specifically regulated by sulfur amino acids metabolized by the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent pathway of methionine metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: overexpression of the enzyme stimulated by hepatocarcinogenesis results in autoantibody production
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: enzyme is responsible for biosynthesis of taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme initiates a pathway leading to taurine
Products: -
Products: -
?
Cysteine sulfinate
?
-
Substrates: thyroid hormone status modulates the activity of the enzyme
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
L-Cysteine sulfinate
2-Aminoethane sulfinate + CO2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
cysteine
-
cysteine is able to enter the active site of the enzyme, interact with the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-lysine internal aldimine, form a cysteine-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate aldimine and undergo intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization through its sulfhydryl group, leading to irreversible inactivation. Reaction is similar for aspartate decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Sulfhydryl reducing agents
-
required, e.g. dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, reduced glutathione
-
additional information
-
CSAD protein level increases during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and is significantly increased when cells achieve a mature adipocyte phenotype
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Autoimmune Diseases
Analysis of antibody reactivity against cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, in endocrine autoimmune disease.
Cardiomegaly
Dysfunction of myocardial taurine transport and effect of taurine supplement in rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury.
Melanosis
Genetic basis of stage-specific melanism: a putative role for a cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in insect pigmentation.
Seizures
Oxygen-induced seizures and inhibition of human glutamate decarboxylase and porcine cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase by oxygen and nitric oxide.
Vitamin B 6 Deficiency
Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in rat brain: effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on soluble and particulate components.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1.1
3-sulfino-L-alanine
pH 7.0, 35°C, recombinant mutant V81L/F240S/I250S/D266L enzyme
1.56
3-sulfino-L-alanine
pH 7.0, 35°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
1.14
L-cysteine sulfinate
-
mutant Q37L, 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
1.16
L-cysteine sulfinate
-
wild-type, 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
additional information
additional information
Lineweaver-Burk plots
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.763
3-sulfino-L-alanine
pH 7.0, 35°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
1.476
3-sulfino-L-alanine
pH 7.0, 35°C, recombinant mutant V81L/F240S/I250S/D266L enzyme
5.52
L-cysteine sulfinate
-
mutant Q377L, 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
5.86
L-cysteine sulfinate
-
wild-type, 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.49
3-sulfino-L-alanine
pH 7.0, 35°C, recombinant wild-type enz.yme
1.34
3-sulfino-L-alanine
pH 7.0, 35°C, recombinant mutant V81L/F240S/I250S/D266L enzyme
4.84
L-cysteine sulfinate
-
mutant Q37L, 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
5.05
L-cysteine sulfinate
-
wild-type, 25°C, pH not specified in the publication
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY