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Information on EC 3.7.1.4 - phloretin hydrolase and Organism(s) Rattus norvegicus and UniProt Accession Q02401
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3.7.1.4 phloretin hydrolaseIUBMB Comments
Also hydrolyses other C-acylated phenols related to phloretin. Isolated from the fungus Aspergillus niger and the bacteria Pantoea agglomerans and Eubacterium ramulus.
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Word Map
- 3.7.1.4
- eubacterium
- ramulus
-
brush
- flavonoid
- border
- medicine
- 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol
-
lactase-phlorizin
- molecular biology
- lactase
- pyridoxine
- phloridzin
- flavone
-
beta-glucosidic
-
carbon-carbon
- beta-glucosidase
- fluorescens
-
deglycosylated
- mucosal
- 5'-phosphate
-
fecal
- dihydrochalcone
- pyridoxal
- abscessus
- neohesperidin
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Rattus norvegicus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
phloretin hydrolase, png hydrolase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
C-acylphenol acylhydrolase
-
-
-
-
lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
-
-
-
-
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
phloretin + H2O = phloretate + phloroglucinol
also hydrolyses other C-acetylated phenols related to phloretin
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of C-C bond
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
phloretin acylhydrolase (phloroglucinol forming)
Also hydrolyses other C-acylated phenols related to phloretin. Isolated from the fungus Aspergillus niger and the bacteria Pantoea agglomerans and Eubacterium ramulus.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37289-38-6
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
lactose + H2O
?
-
66% reduced activity towards the substrate in rats fed a low starch diet as compared to rats fed a high starch diet
-
-
?
pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside + lactose
pyridoxine + beta-D-glucose + pyridoxine disaccharide
-
-
product identification, product is formed by a pyridoxine molecule with the 5'-beta-gkucoside and another glucose or galactose moiety
-
?
sucrose + H2O
D-fructose + D-glucose
-
87% reduced activity towards the substrate in rats fed a low starch diet as compared to rats fed a high starch diet
-
-
?
icariin + H2O
?
the metabolic pathways of icariin by rat intestinal flora and enzyme solution are basically the same, including 3-O-rhamnose, 7-O-glucose hydrolysis or dual 3, 7-hydrolysis. Compared to 3-O-rhamnose and dual hydrolysis of 3, 7-, the 7-O-glucose hydrolysis is easier. The yielded metabolites contain M1 (icariside I), M2 (icaritin), and baohuoside I
-
-
?
pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside + H2O
pyridoxine + D-glucose
-
enzyme might play an important role in providing the bioavailability of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids from Epimedium sp., Epimedii herba, used for a tranditional chinese medicine tonic, Yinyanghuo. Comparison of hydrolysis rates and substrate specificities of intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes, especially lactase phlorizin hydrolase, with the flavonoid substrates, overview. Flavonoid metabolic rates with rat intestinal enzyme are higher than those with intestinal flora. The intestinal hydrolysis of glycosides by intestinal enzymes is rapid. Even icariin is completely metabolized in 6 h and the epimedin A is totally metabolized in 12 h in incubation with intestinal enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has two distinct catalytic active sites, one for the hydrolysis of lactose and flavonoid glucosides and another, phlorizin hydrolase, for the hydrolysis of phlorizin and phlorizin-glucosylceramides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme preparation also shows maltase-glucoamylase activity, EC 3.2.1.20, at 3.8 U/mg
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
icariin + H2O
?
the metabolic pathways of icariin by rat intestinal flora and enzyme solution are basically the same, including 3-O-rhamnose, 7-O-glucose hydrolysis or dual 3, 7-hydrolysis. Compared to 3-O-rhamnose and dual hydrolysis of 3, 7-, the 7-O-glucose hydrolysis is easier. The yielded metabolites contain M1 (icariside I), M2 (icaritin), and baohuoside I
-
-
?
pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside + H2O
pyridoxine + D-glucose
-
enzyme might play an important role in providing the bioavailability of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
hydrolysis of prenylated flavonoids from Epimedium sp., Epimedii herba, used for a tranditional chinese medicine tonic, Yinyanghuo. Comparison of hydrolysis rates and substrate specificities of intestinal flora and intestinal enzymes, especially lactase phlorizin hydrolase, with the flavonoid substrates, overview. Flavonoid metabolic rates with rat intestinal enzyme are higher than those with intestinal flora. The intestinal hydrolysis of glycosides by intestinal enzymes is rapid. Even icariin is completely metabolized in 6 h and the epimedin A is totally metabolized in 12 h in incubation with intestinal enzyme
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2',4'-dinitrophenyl-3-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
specific 100fold inhibition of phloretin and lactose hydrolase activity, no inhibition of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside hydrolase activity
beta-D-glucose
-
inhibition of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside hydrolase activity
cellobiose
-
inhibition of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside hydrolase activity
lactose
-
inhibition of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside hydrolase activity, competitive
maltose
-
inhibition of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside hydrolase activity, inhibition is reduced to 60-75% by addition of 1-deoxynojirimycin
thyroid hormone
-
LPH mRNA level and lactase activity repressed by the injection of thyroid hormones during starvation
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by pyridoxine, trehalose, and sucrose
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
sucrose
-
is capable of enhancing lactase gene expression in starved rats when they have a sustainable thyroid hormone level
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
85% reduced LPH mRNA level in rats fed a low starch diet as compared to rats fed a high starch diet
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the metabolic pathway of icariin, epimedin A, B, and C, and f baohuoside I in intestinal flora and enzyme of rats, detailed overview
physiological function
the enzyme plays a major role in the deglycosylation of daidzin
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
deletions of the LPH 5' flanking sequence and fusion 5' to the human growth hormone reporter gene
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
transient transfection of deletion constructs in both LPH-expressing Caco-2 and LPH-nonexpressing Hep-G2 cells, and in HeLa cells
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
molecular biology
-
cell specificty of LPH gene expression depends upon both positive and negative interactions among elements in the first 2kb of the LPH 5'-flanking region, generally positive activity between -74 and -37 bp, a cell-specific negative region between -210 and -95 bp, and additional elements further toward the 5' terminus that confer a highly cell-specific response in reporter activity, potential binding sites for various intestinal transcription factors, binding of HNF3beta at three sites is relevant to LPH expression
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Birkenmeier, E.; Alpers, D.H.
Enzymatic properties of rat lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
350
100-112
1974
Rattus norvegicus
Mackey, A.D.; Henderson, G.N.; Gregory, J.F., 3rd
Enzymatic hydrolysis of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside is catalyzed by intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
J. Biol. Chem.
277
26858-26864
2002
Rattus norvegicus
Kuranuki, S.; Mochizuki, K.; Goda, T.
Dietary sucrose enhances intestinal lactase gene expression in euthyroid rats
J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol.
52
347-351
2006
Rattus norvegicus
Verhave, M.; Krasinski, S.D.; Christian, S.I.; Van Schaik, S.; Van Den Brink, G.R.; Doting, E.M.; Maas, S.M.; Wolthers, K.C.; Grand, R.J.; Montgomery, R.K.
Regulatory regions in the rat lactase-phlorizin hydrolase gene that control cell-specific expression
J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.
39
275-285
2004
Rattus norvegicus
Zhou, J.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Gao, X.; Qu, D.; Liu, C.
A comparative study on the metabolism of Epimedium koreanum nakai-prenylated flavonoids in rats by an intestinal enzyme (lactase phlorizin hydrolase) and intestinal flora
Molecules
19
177-203
2014
Rattus norvegicus (Q02401), Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley (Q02401)
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