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immunoglobulin A1 + H2O
oligopeptides derived from immunoglobulin A1
IgA proteases only cleave the proline, serine and threonine rich hinge peptide unique to immunoglobulin A1
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?
aberrantly glycosylated immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
degalactosylated immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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artificial substrate, high activity
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?
desialylated and degalactosylated immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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artificial substrate, high activity
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?
desialylated IgA1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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artificial substrate
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?
desialylated immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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artificial substrate
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?
desialylated/degalactosylated immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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artificial substrate, high activity
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?
human immunoglobulin A1 + H2O
?
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?
IgA2-IgA1 half hinge + H2O
?
immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
Immunoglobulin A1 + H2O
?
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?
mutant hhS224/230P + H2O
?
additional information
?
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human IgA1 + H2O
?
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?
human IgA1 + H2O
?
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?
human IgA1 + H2O
?
culture supernatants from all strains tested cause degradation of human IgA1
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human IgA1 + H2O
?
the enzyme specifically cleaves the hinge region of human IgA1, the predominant class of immunoglobulin present on mucosal membranes
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?
human IgA1 + H2O
?
unique cleavage specificity of the NTHI IgA1 protease
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human IgA1 + H2O
?
deglycosylated human IgA1, the IgA1 protease cleaves two peptide bonds within the human IgA1 hinge region at replicate sequences, cleavage of human IgA1 produces two different sized Fc fragments with N-terminal sequence Thr-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ser
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?
aberrantly glycosylated immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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pathogenic human aberrantly glycosylated IgA1
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?
aberrantly glycosylated immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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pathogenic human aberrantly glycosylated immunglobulin A1
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?
human IgA1 + H2O
?
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IgA1 protease is a proteolytic enzyme with strict substrate specificity for human IgA1
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?
human IgA1 + H2O
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human IgA1 possesses a unique hinge region composed of a repeated sequence rich in proline, serine and threonine, which are the specific cleavage sites of IgA1 protease
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?
IgA1 + H2O
?
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?
IgA1 + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C
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?
IgA2-IgA1 half hinge + H2O
?
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a hybrid comprised of human IgA2 bearing half of the human IgA1 hinge region, pH 7.2, 37°C, 24% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
IgA2-IgA1 half hinge + H2O
?
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a hybrid comprised of human IgA2 bearing half of the human IgA1 hinge region, pH 7.2, 37°C, 27% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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?
immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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human IgA1, cleavage at the hinge region
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?
immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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human myeloma IgA1
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?
immunglobulin A1 + H2O
immunglobulin Fc + immunglobulin Fd
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human myeloma immunglobulin A1
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immunoglobulin A + H2O
?
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IgA 1 proteases are a family of bacterial enzymes specifically cleaving human IgA, the immunoglobulin for antibody defense of mucosal surfaces
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immunoglobulin A + H2O
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IgA hydrolysis may allow the microbes to circumvent immunity, or possibly even recruit antibodies or their fragments as a step in the infectious process
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Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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all bacterial IgA1 proteases cleave the heavy chain of IgA1, both serum and secretory IgA2 proteins are IgA1 protease-resistant
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae all release IgA1 proteases each cleaving a single peptide bond, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae release multiple enzyme types differing in the specific peptide bonds hydrolyzed, e.g. random clinical isolates of Neisseria meningitidis release either type 1 and type 2 protease, type 1 cleaving peptide 237-238 and type 2 cleaving 235-236 in the IgA hinge
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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Haemophilus influenzae type 1 enzyme cleaves Pro231-Ser232, type 2 enzyme cleaves Pro235-Thr236, type 3 enzyme cleaves peptide bond 237-238
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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peptide analogs of human IgA as protease substrates
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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Haemophilus influenzae enzyme has at least 2 cleavage types. Serogroups, type 1 in serotypes a, b, d, f. Type 2 in c and e
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?
Immunoglobulin A + H2O
immunoglobulin Fabalpha + immunoglobulin Fc
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human myeloma immunoglobulin
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mutant hhP227S + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 36% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
mutant hhP227S + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 54% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
mutant hhS224/230P + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 17% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
mutant hhS224/230P + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 35% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
mutant hhS224P + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 19% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
mutant hhS224P + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 67% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
mutant hhS230P + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 13% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
mutant hhS230P + H2O
?
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pH 7.2, 37°C, 14% of the substrate is cleaved after 24 h incubation
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with human IgA2
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with human IgA2
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?
additional information
?
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in vitro studies show that the enzyme also cleaves human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, the CD8 surface antigen of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and LAMP 1 a membrane glycoprotein of lysosomes
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?
additional information
?
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the type 2 IgA1 protease is a potential virulence factor in Haemophilus influenzae, the igaB encoded enzyme is the primary mediator of IgA1 protease activity in strain 11P6H, not the type 1 IgA1 protease encoded by igaA, IgA1 proteases are classified as type 1 or type 2 based on the specific site of enzymatic cleavage in the hinge region of the IgA1 molecule
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?
additional information
?
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IgA1 exists in forms of monomer, dimer, and oligomer (or polymer) in the physiological conditions and agIgA1 also exists as circulating IgA1-IgG immune complexes in patients with IgAN
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?
additional information
?
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immunglobulin A1 exists in forms of monomer, dimer, and oligomer (or polymer) in the physiological conditions and agimmunglobulin A1 also exists as circulating immunglobulin A1-immunglobulin G immune complexes in patients with IgAN
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additional information
?
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the IgA protease from Haemophilus influenzae strain ATCC 49247 has a high activity and the ability to degrade human in vivo deposited aberrantly glycosylated IgA1-containing immune complex
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additional information
?
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the enzyme activity is several fold higher with artificial substrates, degalactosylated IgA1 and desialylated/degalactosylated IgA1, as compared to the wild-type IgA1 substrate, while the activity with artificial desialylated IgA1 is reduced
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme activity is several fold higher with artificial substrates, degalactosylated immunglobulin A1 and desialylated/degalactosylated immunglobulin A1, as compared to the wild-type immunglobulin A1 substrate, while the activity with artificial desialylated immunglobulin A1 is reduced
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme performs autocatalysis at its autocleavage site
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Inhibition of IgA1 proteinases from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Hemophilus influenzae by peptide prolyl boronic acids
J. Biol. Chem.
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3738-3743
1990
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The IgA1 proteases of pathogenic bacteria
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IgA-specific prolyl endopeptidases: serine type
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Haemophilus influenzae immunoglobulin A1 protease genes: cloning by plasmid integration-excision, comparative analyses, and localization of secretion determinants
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Characterization of the Neisseria Iga beta-core. The essential unit for outer membrane targeting and extracellular protein secretion
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Bacterial immunoglobulin A proteases monitored by continuous spectrophotometry
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Immunoglobulin A1 proteases: a structure-function update
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McGillivary, G.; Smoot, L.M.; Actis, L.A.
Characterization of the IgA1 protease from the Brazilian purpuric fever strain F3031 of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
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229-236
2005
Haemophilus influenzae (Q93T34), Haemophilus influenzae
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Effect of mutations in the human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) hinge on its susceptibility to cleavage by diverse bacterial IgA1 proteases
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2005
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Mistry, D.; Stockley, R.A.
IgA1 protease
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Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis
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Characterization of igaB, a second immunoglobulin A1 protease gene in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Lamm, M.E.; Emancipator, S.N.; Robinson, J.K.; Yamashita, M.; Fujioka, H.; Qiu, J.; Plaut, A.G.
Microbial IgA protease removes IgA immune complexes from mouse glomeruli in vivo: potential therapy for IgA nephropathy
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31-36
2008
Haemophilus influenzae
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Hotomi, M.; Kono, M.; Togawa, A.; Arai, J.; Takei, S.; Ikeda, Y.; Ogami, M.; Murphy, T.F.; Yamanaka, N.
Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus in tonsillar cultures of adults with acute pharyngotonsillitis
Auris Nasus Larynx
37
594-600
2010
Haemophilus influenzae, no activity in Haemophilus haemolyticus
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Johnson, T.A.; Qiu, J.; Plaut, A.G.; Holyoak, T.
Active-site gating regulates substrate selectivity in a chymotrypsin-like serine protease the structure of Haemophilus influenzae IgA1 protease
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559-574
2009
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Long, S.; Phan, E.; Vellard, M.C.
The expression of soluble and active recombinant Haemophilus influenzae IgA1 protease in E. coli
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Xie, L.S.; Huang, J.; Qin, W.; Fan, J.M.
Immunoglobulin A1 protease: a new therapeutic candidate for immunoglobulin A nephropathy
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Murphy, T.; Lesse, A.; Kirkham, C.; Zhong, H.; Sethi, S.; Munson Jr., R.
A clonal group of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae with two IgA proteases is adapted to infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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6
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Mullins, M.A.; Register, K.B.; Bayles, D.O.; Butler, J.E.
Haemophilus parasuis exhibits IgA protease activity but lacks homologs of the IgA protease genes of Haemophilus influenzae
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The cleavage specificity of an IgA1 protease from Haemophilus influenzae
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Expression of IgA proteases by Haemophilus influenzae in the respiratory tract of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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IgA1 protease treatment reverses mesangial deposits and hematuria in a model of IgA nephropathy
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Cloning and expression of H. influenzae 49247 IgA protease in E. coli
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Bacterial IgA protease-mediated degradation of agIgA1 and agIgA1 immune complexes as a potential therapy for IgA nephropathy
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Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 10211, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, Neisseria meningitidis ATCC 13090
brenda