Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
-
brenda
in cultured mouse myotubes, BCK localizes near the endings of the cells, interaction with skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
parietal cells of the stomach, BCK is co-localizing with and fueling the gastric H+/K+-ATPase pump at the apical membrane and the membranes of the tubulovesicular system
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
phenylbutyrate greatly decreases the adriamycin-associated elevations of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities, two nonspecific widely used cardiac injury markers
brenda
-
embryonic stem cell- and neonatal-derived cardiomyocytes
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
brenda
-
creatine kinase circuit is essential for high-sensitivity hearing
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
cytosolic brain-type creatine kinase, the CK energy buffering and shuttle system seems to operate in many brain cells, in particular in the polarized large cells like neurons or hair bundle and photoreceptor cells in the sensory organs
brenda
-
brenda
primary cortical neurons from mutant R6/2 mice and wild-type B6CBAFI/J mice
brenda
-
-
brenda
cytosolic brain-type cratine kinase
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
additional information
in a given cell type, at least one dimeric cytosolic isoform is always co-expressed with a predominantly octameric mitochondrial isoform (MtCK), generally cytosolic muscle-type CK (MCK) with sarcomeric MtCK (sMtCK), or cytosolic brain-type CK (BCK) with ubiquitous MtCK
brenda
additional information
in a given cell type, at least one dimeric cytosolic isoform is always co-expressed with a predominantly octameric mitochondrial isoform (MtCK), generally cytosolic muscle-type CK (MCK) with sarcomeric MtCK (sMtCK), or cytosolic brain-type CK (BCK) with ubiquitous MtCK
brenda
additional information
in a given cell type, at least one dimeric cytosolic isoform is always co-expressed with a predominantly octameric mitochondrial isoform (MtCK), generally cytosolic muscle-type CK (MCK) with sarcomeric MtCK (sMtCK), or cytosolic brain-type CK (BCK) with ubiquitous MtCK
brenda
additional information
in a given cell type, at least one dimeric cytosolic isoform is always co-expressed with a predominantly octameric mitochondrial isoform (MtCK), generally cytosolic muscle-type CK (MCK) with sarcomeric MtCK (sMtCK), or cytosolic brain-type CK (BCK) with ubiquitous MtCK
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
metabolism
co-localization and functional coupling of creatine kinase isoforms with ATP-producing and ATP-consuming reactions, a non-equilibrium state of the creatine kinase reaction, and restricted intracellular diffusion of adenine nucleotides support the concept of a cellular CK/PCr phosphoryl transfer network. The reactions catalyzed by different isoforms of compartmentalized creatine kinase, organized in intracellular energetic units tend to maintain the intracellular metabolic stability
malfunction
downregulation of brain-type creatine kinase in brain of a Huntington's disease mouse model. Huntington's disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Mutant HTT (mHTT) suppresses the activity of the CKB gene promoter, which contributes to the lowered CKB expression in Huntington's disease. Exogenous expression of wild-type CKB, but not a dominant negative CKB mutant, rescues the ATP depletion, aggregate formation, impaired proteasome activity, and shortened neurites induced by mHTT. Negative regulation of isozyme CKB by mHTT is a key event in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease and contributes to the neuronal dysfunction associated with Huntington's disease
malfunction
knockout mice that lack the brain CK isoforms, i.e. BCK and/or ubiquitous MtCK, uMtCK, show defects in spatial memory acquisition and behavior, development of the hippocampus, correct functioning of hair bundle cells in the auditory system, and energy distribution within photoreceptor cells, transgenic models of creatine deficiency, overview
physiological function
brain-type creatine kinase is an enzyme involved in energy homeostasis via the phosphocreatine-creatine kinase system, the CK system plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and ATP distribution. Creatine kinase activity is critical for the beneficial effects of isozyme CKB of enhancing proteasome activity and reducing aggregate formation
physiological function
creatine kinase is a key player in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis using creatine for reversible phosphoryl transfer between ATP and phosphocreatine. The cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is able to phosphorylate brain-type cratine kinase at serine 6 to trigger BCK localization at the endoplasmic reticulum, in close vicinity of the highly energy-demanding Ca2+ ATPase pump. Membrane localization of BCK seems to be an important and regulated feature for the fueling of membrane-located, ATP-dependent processes, stressing again the importance of local rather than global ATP concentrations. Creatine kinase microcompartments play a role in the energy metabolism. At the cellular level, creatine kinase acts mainly via two different mechanisms. Firstly, the enzyme enables the building-up of a global cellular energy buffer in the form of a large phosphocreatine pool that can be used to regenerate ATP during a temporal mismatch between ATP generation and consumption. Secondly, cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes, together with highly concentrated and diffusible phosphocreatine, facilitate the so-called CK/PCr shuttle to correct for a spatial mismatch between ATP generation and -consumption within a cell. The CK/PCr shuttle is particularly important for large and polar cells with high and/or fluctuating energy demands such as skeletal and heart muscle cells, or many cell types in the brain, but may occur in any cell type expressing creatine kinase. BCK may fuel the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump. In retina photoreceptor cells, BCK may play an equally important role, but rather in synaptic transmission at the synaptic terminal or for cGMP resynthesis in the rod outer segments. In astrocytes and fibroblasts, BCK in peripheral cellular structures facilitates actin-driven cell spreading and migration
malfunction
-
absence of creatine kinase in muscle cells leads to morphological and functional adaptations towards preservation of muscle contractile abilities
malfunction
-
complete brain-type creatine kinase deficiency in mice blocks seizure activity and affects intracellular calcium kinetics
malfunction
-
oxygen consumption dynamics during electrical stimulation in superfused fast-twitch hindlimb muscles isolated from wild-type and transgenic mice deficient in the myoplasmic and mitochondrial creatine isoforms (MiM CK-/-), respectively. Transgenic mice deficient in the mitochondrial creatinine isoforms (MiM CK-/-) show muscle oxygen consumption activation kinetics 30% faster than wild-type. MiM CK-/- muscle oxygen consumption deactivation kinetics are 380% faster than wild-type
malfunction
-
24 h after trauma brain injury (TBI) of mice preconditioned with N-methyl-D-aspartate, creatine kinase activity is augmented in the cerebral cortex. Eventhough N-methyl-D-aspartate preconditioning and TBI have similar effects on the enzyme activity, each manages its response via opposite mechanisms because the protective effects of preconditioning are unambiguous
malfunction
knockout mice that lack the brain CK isoforms, i.e. BCK and/or ubiquitous MtCK, uMtCK, show defects in spatial memory acquisition and behavior, development of the hippocampus, correct functioning of hair bundle cells in the auditory system, and energy distribution within photoreceptor cells, transgenic models of creatine deficiency, overview
metabolism
importance of functional coupling between MtCK, ANT and respiration/ATP synthesis provided by the close co-localization of MtCK and ANT in proteolipid complexes. Co-localization and functional coupling of creatine kinase isoforms with ATP-producing and ATP-consuming reactions, a non-equilibrium state of the creatine kinase reaction, and restricted intracellular diffusion of adenine nucleotides support the concept of a cellular CK/PCr phosphoryl transfer network. The reactions catalyzed by different isoforms of compartmentalized creatine kinase, organized in intracellular energetic units tend to maintain the intracellular metabolic stability
metabolism
the enzyme preferentially interacts with saturated fatty acid- and/or monounsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidic acids, but not with polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidic acids. Notably, the enzyme exclusively interacts with phosphatidic acid, whereas the protein does not bind to other lipids such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate and cardiolipin
physiological function
-
creatine kinase catalyzes the reversible transfer of the phosphoryl group from phosphocreatine to ADP, regenerating ATP, and it is a major enzyme of higher eukaryotes that manages high, fluctuating energy demands to maintain cellular energy homeostasis and guarantee stable, locally buffered ATP/ADP ratios
physiological function
creatine kinase is a key player in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis using creatine for reversible phosphoryl transfer between ATP and phosphocreatine. The cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is able to phosphorylate brain-type cratine kinase at serine 6 to trigger BCK localization at the endoplasmic reticulum, in close vicinity of the highly energy-demanding Ca2+ ATPase pump. Membrane localization of BCK seems to be an important and regulated feature for the fueling of membrane-located, ATP-dependent processes, stressing again the importance of local rather than global ATP concentrations. Creatine kinase microcompartments play a role in the energy metabolism. At the cellular level, creatine kinase acts mainly via two different mechanisms. Firstly, the enzyme enables the building-up of a global cellular energy buffer in the form of a large phosphocreatine pool that can be used to regenerate ATP during a temporal mismatch between ATP generation and consumption. Secondly, cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes, together with highly concentrated and diffusible phosphocreatine, facilitate the so-called CK/PCr shuttle to correct for a spatial mismatch between ATP generation and -consumption within a cell. The CK/PCr shuttle is particularly important for large and polar cells with high and/or fluctuating energy demands such as skeletal and heart muscle cells, or many cell types in the brain, but may occur in any cell type expressing creatine kinase. The role of MtCK within the mitochondrial interactosome is to separate energy fluxes from the intracellular energy signals and to amplify these signals due to the intramitochondrial recycling of ADP
additional information
phosphocreatine is an alternative energy carrier that compared to ATP is metabolically inert (except for the creatine kinase reaction), much smaller in molecular size and less charged over the physiological pH range, and is thus significantly more diffusible than ATP
additional information
phosphocreatine is an alternative energy carrier that compared to ATP is metabolically inert (except for the creatine kinase reaction), much smaller in molecular size and less charged over the physiological pH range, and is thus significantly more diffusible than ATP
additional information
phosphocreatine is an alternative energy carrier that compared to ATP is metabolically inert (except for the creatine kinase reaction), much smaller in molecular size and less charged over the physiological pH range, and is thus significantly more diffusible than ATP
additional information
phosphocreatine is an alternative energy carrier that compared to ATP is metabolically inert (except for the creatine kinase reaction), much smaller in molecular size and less charged over the physiological pH range, and is thus significantly more diffusible than ATP
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Olson, E.N.; Lathrop, B.K.; Glaser, L.
Purification and cell-free translation of a unique high molecular weight form of the brain isozyme of creatine phosphokinase from mouse
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
108
715-723
1982
Mus musculus
brenda
Ventura-Clapier, R.; Kuznetsov, A.; Veksler, V.; Boehm, E.; Anflous, K.
Functional coupling of creatine kinases in muscles: species and tissue specificity
Mol. Cell. Biochem.
184
231-247
1998
Gallus gallus, Columba livia, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Frog, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Bonz, A.W.; Kniesch, S.; Hofmann, U.; Kullmer, S.; Bauer, L.; Wagner, H.; Ertl, G.; Spindler, M.
Functional properties and [Ca(2+)](i) metabolism of creatine kinase--KO mice myocardium
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
298
163-168
2002
Mus musculus
brenda
Matsushima, K.; Uda, K.; Ishida, K.; Kokufuta, C.; Iwasaki, N.; Suzuki, T.
Comparison of kinetic constants of creatine kinase isoforms
Int. J. Biol. Macromol.
38
83-88
2006
Danio rerio, Lethenteron camtschaticum, Mus musculus, Hediste diversicolor, Dendronephthya gigantea
brenda
Zonouzi, R.; Ashtiani, S.K.; Hosseinkhani, S.; Baharvand, H.
Kinetic properties of extracted lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase from mouse embryonic stem cell- and neonatal-derived cardiomyocytes
J. Biochem. Mol. Biol.
39
426-431
2006
Mus musculus
brenda
Shin, J.B.; Streijger, F.; Beynon, A.; Peters, T.; Gadzala, L.; McMillen, D.; Bystrom, C.; Van der Zee, C.E.; Wallimann, T.; Gillespie, P.G.
Hair bundles are specialized for ATP delivery via creatine kinase
Neuron
53
371-386
2007
Gallus gallus, Mus musculus
brenda
Daosukho, C.; Chen, Y.; Noel, T.; Sompol, P.; Nithipongvanitch, R.; Velez, J.M.; Oberley, T.D.; St Clair, D.K.
Phenylbutyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against Adriamycin-induced cardiac injury
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
42
1818-1825
2007
Mus musculus
brenda
Xie, Q.; Liu, Y.; Sun, H.; Liu, Y.; Ding, X.; Fu, D.; Liu, K.; Du, X.; Jia, G.
Inhibition of acrylamide toxicity in mice by three dietary constituents
J. Agric. Food Chem.
56
6054-6060
2008
Mus musculus
brenda
Streijger, F.; Scheenen, W.J.; van Luijtelaar, G.; Oerlemans, F.; Wieringa, B.; Van der Zee, C.E.
Complete brain-type creatine kinase deficiency in mice blocks seizure activity and affects intracellular calcium kinetics
Epilepsia
51
79-88
2010
Mus musculus
brenda
Tylkova, L.
Architectural and functional remodeling of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells in mice lacking specific isoenzymes of creatine kinase
Gen. Physiol. Biophys.
28
219-224
2009
Mus musculus
brenda
Jeneson, J.; Veld, F.; Schmitz, J.; Meyer, R.; Hilbers, P.; Nicolay, K.
Similar mitochondrial activation kinetics in wild-type and creatine kinase-deficient fast-twitch muscle indicate significant Pi control of respiration
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.
300
1316-1325
2011
Mus musculus
brenda
Schlattner, U.; Klaus, A.; Ramirez Rios, S.; Guzun, R.; Kay, L.; Tokarska-Schlattner, M.
Cellular compartmentation of energy metabolism: creatine kinase microcompartments and recruitment of B-type creatine kinase to specific subcellular sites
Amino Acids
48
1751-1774
2016
Rattus norvegicus (P07335), Mus musculus (P30275), Mus musculus (Q04447), Rattus norvegicus Wistar (P07335)
brenda
Lin, Y.S.; Cheng, T.H.; Chang, C.P.; Chen, H.M.; Chern, Y.
Enhancement of brain-type creatine kinase activity ameliorates neuronal deficits in Huntingtons disease
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1832
742-753
2013
Homo sapiens (P12277), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (Q04447), Mus musculus, Mus musculus R6/2 (Q04447)
brenda
Boeck, C.R.; Carbonera, L.S.; Milioli, M.E.; Constantino, L.C.; Garcez, M.L.; Rezin, G.T.; Scaini, G.; Streck, E.L.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain and creatine kinase activities following trauma brain injury in brain of mice preconditioned with N-methyl-D-aspartate
Mol. Cell. Biochem.
384
129-137
2013
Mus musculus, Mus musculus CF-1
brenda
Hoshino, F.; Murakami, C.; Sakai, H.; Satoh, M.; Sakane, F.
Creatine kinase muscle type specifically interacts with saturated fatty acid- and/or monounsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidic acids
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
513
1035-1040
2019
Mus musculus (P07310), Mus musculus
brenda
Weinsanto, I.; Mouheiche, J.; Laux-Biehlmann, A.; Delalande, F.; Marquette, A.; Chavant, V.; Gabel, F.; Cianferani, S.; Charlet, A.; Parat, M.O.; Goumon, Y.
Morphine binds creatine kinase B and inhibits its activity
Front. Cell. Neurosci.
12
464
2018
Mus musculus (Q04447), Mus musculus
brenda