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Information on EC 2.7.11.24 - mitogen-activated protein kinase and Organism(s) Medicago sativa and UniProt Accession Q07176
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2.7.11.24 mitogen-activated protein kinaseIUBMB Comments
Phosphorylation of specific tyrosine and threonine residues in the activation loop of this enzyme by EC 2.7.12.2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) is necessary for enzyme activation. Once activated, the enzyme phosphorylates target substrates on serine or threonine residues followed by a proline . A distinguishing feature of all MAPKs is the conserved sequence Thr-Xaa-Tyr (TXY). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation. Mammalian MAPK pathways can be recruited by a wide variety of stimuli including hormones (e.g. insulin and growth hormone), mitogens (e.g. epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin-II and endothelin), inflammatory cytokines of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family and environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, ionizing radiation and ischaemic injury.
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Word Map
- 2.7.11.24
- endothelial
- necrosis
- tnf
- agonist
- lipopolysaccharide
- 3-kinase
- pkc
- lps
- nf-kappab
- sirnas
- phosphatidylinositol
- caspase-3
- cardiac
- metastasis
-
lps-induced
- artery
- camp
- bcl-2
- monocyte
- chemokine
- collagen
- angiogenesis
- cox-2
- fibrosis
-
toll-like
- cyclins
-
neuroprotective
- melanoma
- stat3
- tnf-alpha
- prostaglandin
- c-fos
- phosphoinositide
- mtor
- cardiomyocytes
- factor-alpha
- osteoblast
-
dominant-negative
- creb
-
anti-apoptotic
- integrins
- cyclooxygenase-2
- angiotensin
- wortmannin
-
protein-coupled
- microglia
- mmp-9
- il-1beta
-
platelet-derived
- fak
- medicine
- drug development
- analysis
- pharmacology
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Medicago sativa
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine)
=
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate
Synonyms
mapk, p38, erk1/2, p38 mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase, map kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38mapk, p38 map kinase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
cp38a
-
-
-
-
cp38b
-
-
-
-
CSAID binding protein
-
-
-
-
CSBP
-
-
-
-
Cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug binding protein
-
-
-
-
ERK5
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase MXI2
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38 beta
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38 delta
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38 gamma
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38a
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38alpha
-
-
-
-
MAP kinase p38b
-
-
-
-
MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 beta
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 delta
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 gamma
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38a
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38alpha
-
-
-
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38b
-
-
-
-
MMK2
p38b
-
-
-
-
SAPK2A
-
-
-
-
stress-activated protein kinase 2a
-
-
-
-
MAPK
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated)
Phosphorylation of specific tyrosine and threonine residues in the activation loop of this enzyme by EC 2.7.12.2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) is necessary for enzyme activation. Once activated, the enzyme phosphorylates target substrates on serine or threonine residues followed by a proline [6]. A distinguishing feature of all MAPKs is the conserved sequence Thr-Xaa-Tyr (TXY). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are among the most widespread mechanisms of cellular regulation. Mammalian MAPK pathways can be recruited by a wide variety of stimuli including hormones (e.g. insulin and growth hormone), mitogens (e.g. epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), vasoactive peptides (e.g. angiotensin-II and endothelin), inflammatory cytokines of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family and environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, ionizing radiation and ischaemic injury.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
142243-02-5
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + myelin basic protein
ADP + phosphorylated myelin basic protein
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
kinase activation may play a role in the mitogenic induction of symbiotic root nodules on alfalfa by Rhizobium signal molecules
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
kinase activation may play a role in the mitogenic induction of symbiotic root nodules on alfalfa by Rhizobium signal molecules
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
additional information
?
-
kinase activation may play a role in the mitogenic induction of symbiotic root nodules on alfalfa by Rhizobium signal molecules
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
kinase activation may play a role in the mitogenic induction of symbiotic root nodules on alfalfa by Rhizobium signal molecules
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Cd2+
-
causes delayed but strong activation of SIMK, MMK2, MMK3, and SAMK, activation profiles, overview
Cu2+
-
strongly activates the MAPK signaling pathways of SIMK, MMK2, MMK3, and SAMK, mediated by the MAPKK SIMKK, activation profiles, overview
additional information
-
SIMK activity is not or poorly influenced by Al3+, Zn2+, or Co2+
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
some heavy metals induce MAPK pathways in the plant
-
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
expressed at low levels in G1 phase but at higher levels in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). MMK1_MEDSA
387
0
44402
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
44000
-
x * 44000, MAPKS MMK2, MMK3, and SAMK, SDS-PAGE, x * 46000, SIMK, SDS-PAGE
46000
-
x * 44000, MAPKS MMK2, MMK3, and SAMK, SDS-PAGE, x * 46000, SIMK, SDS-PAGE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
?
-
x * 44000, MAPKS MMK2, MMK3, and SAMK, SDS-PAGE, x * 46000, SIMK, SDS-PAGE
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
-
MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation through MAPK kinases, e.g. SIMKK mediates activation of SIMK and SAMK, not of MMK2 and MMK3, by Cu2+, not by Cd2+, no activation of MAPKs SIMK, SAMK, MMK2 and MMK3 by MAPKKs MEK1 and PRKK
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
Tyr-215 mutant shows no autophosphorylation and no phosphorylation of myelin basic protein
additional information
-
Tyr-215 mutant shows no autophosphorylation and no phosphorylation of myelin basic protein
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Jonak, C.; Pay, A.; Bogre, L.; Hirt, H.; Heberle-Bors, E.
The plant homologue of MAP kinase is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent and organ-specific manner
Plant J.
3
611-617
1993
Medicago sativa (Q07176), Medicago sativa
Duerr, B.; Gawienowski, M.; Ropp, T.; Jacobs, T.
MsERK1: a mitogen-activated protein kinase from a flowering plant
Plant Cell
5
87-96
1993
Medicago sativa (Q07176), Medicago sativa
Jonak, C.; Kiegerl, S.; Lloyd, C.; Chan, J.; Hirt, H.
MMK2, a novel alfalfa MAP kinase, specifically complements the yeast MPK1 function
Mol. Gen. Genet.
248
686-694
1995
Medicago sativa (Q40353), Medicago sativa
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 2.7.11.24)
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