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Information on EC 2.7.1.157 - N-acetylgalactosamine kinase
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EC Tree
2.7.1.157 N-acetylgalactosamine kinaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme is highly specific for GalNAc as substrate, but has slight activity with D-galactose . Requires Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+ for activity, with Mg2+ resulting in by far the greatest stimulation of enzyme activity.
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Word Map
- 2.7.1.157
- galactokinase
- galactose
-
nalidixic
-
antimutator
-
proofreading
-
gale
-
papillation
- mgatp
- udp-galnac
- udp-galactose
- synthesis
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
galk2, galnac kinase, n-acetylgalactosamine kinase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
GALK2
GalNAc kinase
GK2
N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-1-phosphate kinase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
ATP hydrolysis and methanolysis reaction pathways, overview
-
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
ordered ternary complex reaction mechanism, in which ATP binds first, overview. Ionizable residues play a role in substrate binding and catalysis
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1-phosphotransferase
The enzyme is highly specific for GalNAc as substrate, but has slight activity with D-galactose [2]. Requires Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+ for activity, with Mg2+ resulting in by far the greatest stimulation of enzyme activity.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
180984-03-6
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-phosphate + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
acetate + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
8% of the specific activity with ATP
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ITP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
IDP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
9% of the specific activity with ATP
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
pyruvate + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
11% of the specific activity with ATP
-
-
?
ATP + D-galactose
ADP + D-galactose 1-phosphate
-
phosphorylation of galactose at millimolar concentrations
-
-
?
ATP + D-galactose
ADP + D-galactose 1-phosphate
-
phosphorylation of galactose at millimolar concentrations
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
the enzyme is involved in a salvage pathway for reutilization of free GalNAc derived from the degradation of complex carbohydrates
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ordered ternary complex mechanism in which ATP is the first substrate to bind
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ordered ternary complex mechanism in which ATP is the first substrate to bind
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
the enzyme is involved in a salvage pathway for reutilization of free GalNAc derived from the degradation of complex carbohydrates
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ATP
-
addition of Mg2+ leads to partly compensating changes in DELTAH and TDELTAS, accelerating the nonenzymatic methanolysis of ATP 11fold. ATP hydrolysis and methanolysis reaction pathways, overview
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Co2+
-
divalent cation required, efficiency in descending order: Mg2+ > Mn2+ > Co2+, optimum Co2+ concentration is 10 mM, maximal activity is 50% of that with Mg2+
Mg2+
Mn2+
-
divalent cation required, efficiency in descending order: Mg2+ > Mn2+ > Co2+, optimum Mn2+ concentration is 2-8 mM, maximal activity is 50% of that with Mg2+
Mg2+
-
addition of Mg2+ leads to partly compensating changes in DELTAH and TDELTAS, accelerating the nonenzymatic methanolysis of ATP 11fold
Mg2+
-
divalent cation required, efficiency in descending order: Mg2+ > Mn2+ > Co2+, optimum Mg2+ concentration is 5 mM
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
alpha-methylgalactopyranoside
uncompetitive inhibition with respect to ATP; uncompetitive with respect to ATP, poor inhibitor
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Ovarian Neoplasms
An in-tumor genetic screen reveals that the BET bromodomain protein, BRD4, is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian carcinoma.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Identification of kinases regulating prostate cancer cell growth using an RNAi phenotypic screen.
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Activated kinase screening identifies the IKBKE oncogene as a positive regulator of autophagy.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.006
ATP
mutant F444A, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.009
ATP
mutant F444R, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.009
ATP
wild-type, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
0.011
ATP
mutant F444H, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.013
ATP
mutant F444H, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
0.013
ATP
mutant F444S, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
0.015
ATP
mutant F444K, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.015
ATP
mutant F444K, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
0.015
ATP
mutant F444R, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
0.017
ATP
mutant F444C, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
0.017
ATP
mutant F444H, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
0.018
ATP
mutant F444C, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
0.018
ATP
wild-type, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.019
ATP
mutant F444S, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.024
ATP
mutant F444R, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
0.024
ATP
mutant F444W, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.025
ATP
mutant F444A, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
0.027
ATP
mutant F444C, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
0.028
ATP
mutant F444K, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
0.032
ATP
wild-type, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
0.039
ATP
mutant F444A, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
0.13
ATP
mutant F444S, 37°C, pH 7.5, cosubstrate N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine
additional information
additional information
-
enzyme kinetics and thermodynamics, detailed overview
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6 - 10
-
pH 6.0: about 45% of maximal activity, pH 10.0: about 35% of maximal activity
additional information
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). GALK2_HUMAN
458
0
50378
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
GALK2_MOUSE
458
0
50503
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
GALK2_PONAB
458
0
50351
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
GALK2_RAT
458
0
50198
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A5B7AAE4_DAVIN
405
0
44409
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
B5X1Z3_SALSA
459
0
50428
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A8B6FKZ4_MYTGA
455
0
49781
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A5B7AA92_DAVIN
413
0
45227
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A5B7AA30_DAVIN
499
0
54811
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A2T6J5M2_TOXGO
923
0
98711
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A086KUS3_TOXGO
923
0
98711
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A086PRU0_TOXGO
501
0
54931
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A812BNN9_SEPPH
461
0
50745
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
B7PKS9_IXOSC
473
0
51349
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A061I297_CRIGR
488
0
53874
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A8B6FNJ1_MYTGA
446
0
48759
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A8M1N3C3_DANRE
457
0
50058
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
B9RZT4_RICCO
499
0
54449
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A086PRV7_TOXGO
498
0
52983
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
D3PI35_LEPSM
441
0
49310
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
S7V341_TOXGG
Toxoplasma gondii (strain ATCC 50853 / GT1)
923
0
98711
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A086QYA7_TOXGO
774
0
83449
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A2G8Y837_TOXGO
752
0
80990
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A5B7AF25_DAVIN
454
0
50308
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A5B7A9W9_DAVIN
499
0
54755
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A139Y4B5_TOXGO
752
0
81122
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
Q7ZXI6_XENLA
460
0
50079
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3)
A0A061I4C8_CRIGR
457
0
50301
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A2G8Y823_TOXGO
170
0
17884
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A5B7ACT6_DAVIN
499
0
54689
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A3R8C2C1_TOXGO
923
0
98711
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
B6KJ89_TOXGV
Toxoplasma gondii (strain ATCC 50861 / VEG)
923
0
99031
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A086M3Q4_TOXGO
752
0
80961
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A125YV41_TOXGM
Toxoplasma gondii (strain ATCC 50611 / Me49)
923
0
99031
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A086L283_TOXGO
803
0
86518
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5)
A0A139Y4H2_TOXGO
170
0
17910
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
Q6DJ33_XENTR
460
0
50230
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
A0A086M3Q6_TOXGO
22
0
2174
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A0A086LFZ6_TOXGO
923
0
98711
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
A0A5B7ACH7_DAVIN
430
0
47064
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
A0A6J8DAJ1_MYTCO
455
0
49956
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A086M3R6_TOXGO
149
0
15481
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A086QYA4_TOXGO
149
0
15524
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A8B6C929_MYTGA
444
0
48483
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
A0A5B7ADP0_DAVIN
368
0
40396
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1)
E0VT04_PEDHC
471
0
52820
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2)
